Vistacell, improving fibre digestion, June 2012

Transcription

1 Vistacell, improving fibre digestion, June 2012

2 Different yeast products used in ruminant production. Live yeast Yeast culture Yeast derivatives - Yeast extract - Yeast cell wall - Glucans - MOS - Nucleotides

3 Different yeast products used in ruminant production : what do they do? Live yeast Prevention of acidosis, Improvement of rumen fermentation. Increased fibre digestion, oxygen scavenging Yeast cell wall Binding of pathogens, mycotoxins Stimulation of lactic acid bacteria, Stimulation of immune response Glucan Yeast Culture Improvement of rumen fermentation. MOS Yeast extract Flavourings, Biopeptides, Nutrients, Nucleotides

4 VISTACELL, LIVE YEAST FOR RUMINANTS

5 Current stress challenges facing the dairy cow Fertility Dietary stress SARA Mycotoxins Transportation Overstocking Poor management Pathogen infection Laminitis Calving Heat stress Transition, Negative energy balance and ketosis

6 Stress is accumulative... Visible signs reduction in performance, manure consistency, decreased butterfat, lameness, loss of body condition, poor conception rate Underlying problems acidosis, SARA, perturbation of the normal gut flora, mycotoxins, poor quality forage, pathogen load, heat stress, management issues, overcrowding etc etc...and impacts negatively on host performance

7 Live yeast, what do they do? Oxygen scavenging Competition for sugars Production of metabolites Direct Indirect Improvement in rumen flora and fermentation Increase and stabilisation of ruminal ph Increase in microbial protein synthesis Increased fibre digestion

8 Effect of Yeast on Rumen Function Redox potential (Eh, mv) Total VFA (mm) Mean acetate (mm) Mean propionate (mm) Mean lactate (mm) Mean rumen ph Total tract NDF digestibility (%) Control Yeast -149* 99.4** 59.1** 25.8** 5.4** 6.14* 41.6* Marden et al, JDS 91 (2008), TMR-fed cows; * - **, P<

9 Yeast Mode of Action in Ruminants After 4 weeks supplementation - Total rumen bacteria (log 10 /ml) - Cellulolytic bacteria (log 10 /ml) - Viable yeast (log 10 /ml) 2 weeks after withdrawal - Total rumen bacteria (log 10 /ml) - Cellulolytic bacteria (log 10 /ml) - Viable yeast (log 10 /ml) In vitro degradation of hay - 12 hr DM disappearance (%) - 24 hr DM disappearance (%) - Lag period (hr) Control Live Yeast 10.63* 7.34** 5.24** * 29.3* 0.44 Kumar et al, 1997 (*P,0.05, **P<0.01)

10 Effect of live yeast on fibre digestion

11 Fibre degrading microorganisms Fibre degrading bacteria 3 major species F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens, R. albus all strict anaerobes Highly cellulolytic and fibrolytic. Growth and metabolic activity is significantly decreased by low ph and trace amounts of oxygen COMMON TRAIT ALL adversely affected by low ph and trace amounts of oxygen Fibre degrading protozoa 25 33% of fibre breakdown may be due to the protozoa. Defaunation decreases fibre breakdown. Hemicellulase activities observed in most protozoa. Increasing concentrate and decreasing ruminal ph inhibits the growth of fibre degrading protozoa Fibre degrading fungi Major role in plant cell wall weakening. Initial colonizers of plant cell material. High hemicellulase and cellulase activity. Abundant on highly fibrous diets. Low ruminal ph decreases fungal growth and zoospore production Very sensitive to oxygen

12 log10 of 16S rdna copy numbers/ gdm Live yeast improving fibre digestion Live yeast supplementation has been shown to improve the growth of cellulolytic bacteria (Mosoni et al, 2007) and colonisation of the fibre by hemicellulolytic bacteria (Chaucheyras Durand et al, 2010) Live yeast and bacteria attached to fodder particle Effect of live yeast supplementation on fibrolytic bacteria in vivo 1.00E E+07 Control SC Yeast Effect of live yeast supplementation on fibre colonisation by B. fibrisolvens in situ control + yeast E E+05 Mosoni et al AEM 2007 F. succinogenes R. albus R. flavefaciens Time (h) Chaucheyras Durand et al 2010

13 NDFd µg/gdm Live yeast improving fibre digestion Effect of live yeast supplementation on fibre colonisation by anaerobic fungi in situ Colonisation of the fibre by anaerobic fungi is increased (Chaucheyras- Durand et al, 2010). Effect of live yeast supplementation on NDFd yeast control control + yeast yeast control control + yeast Chaucheyras Durand et al 2010 NDFd was increased upon supplementation with a live yeast. Lag time to digestion was reduced (Walker et al, 2010)

14 NDFd Live yeast improving fibre digestion A greater improvement of in situ digestion of poorer NDF quality/ highly lignified corn silage is seen upon supplementation with a live yeast (Guedes et al, 2007) Control + yeast Live yeast supplementation increased NDFd of lower digestible forage by 23.9% and of more highly digestible forage by 4.3% (P<0.05). 0 LFD HFD

15 Effect of live yeast on fibre degradation Live yeast improves fibre digestion by Oxygen scavenging = improving the rumen environment Stabilisation and elevation of ruminal ph = increasing fibrolytic activity Supply of nutrients Increase in population sizes of fibrolytic bacteria and stimulation of anaerobic fungi Improving colonisation of the fibre. Reducing the lag time to digestion. Improving digestibility of relatively poorly digestible fibre as well as readily fermentable fibre.

16 Effect of live yeast on acidosis and stabilising rumen ph.

17 L-lactate (mm) Live vs dead yeast: competition for sugars Cfu/ Count ml Effect of yeast on S. bovis in vitro S. bovis S. bovis + live yeast S. bovis + killed yeast Addition of live yeast reduced the production of L-lactate by S. bovis in vitro by competing for sugars. The yeast had to be alive to reduce lactate production by S. bovis. In vivo, live yeast reduced the proliferation of S. bovis when animals were fed a higher concentrate diet Effect of yeast on S. bovis in vivo hay Day Control transition Yeast supplemented S. bovis attached to a starch granule 50% hay: 50% conc Day

18 Count Cfu/ ml mmol L-lactate assimilated/min/mg protein Live vs dead yeast: Stimulation of lactic acid utilisers The addition of live yeast to the incubation significantly increased L-lactate utilisation by M. elsdenii. Even when killed, the addition of yeast significantly increased L- lactate utilisation by M. elsdenii, although not to the same extent as live yeast. The yeast was acting as a source of nutrients for M. elsdenii. Similar positive effects were seen with S. ruminantium. In vivo, populations of lactic acid utilisers were stimulated when animals were supplemented with a live yeast Effect of yeast on lactate utilisers in vitro M. elsdenii M. elsdenii + live yeast M. elsdenii + killed yeast Effect of yeast on lactate utilisers in vivo hay transition 50% hay: 50% conc Day Control Yeast supplemented

19 Live yeast preventing acidosis Live yeast compete for sugars and prevent proliferation of amylolytic bacteria like S. bovis. Live yeast increase the number of lactate utilising bacteria Consequently, ruminal lactate accumulation is decreased.

20 Vistacell Dairy Trials

21 Dairy Trial 1 (Netherlands) Institute for Animal Science & Health, Lelystad 30 multiparous Holstein cows per diet 105 day trial, from 4-18 th week of lactation 4 g Vistacell fed per head/day TMR based on dried grass (36.6%), maize silage (30.6%), concentrate (17%) & wheat (15.8%) Also fed 5.6 kg/d concentrate per head in feeding boxes and in the parlour

22 Dairy Trial 1 (Netherlands) Feed intake (kg DM/d) Milk yield (kg/d) Control Vistacell (4 g/h/d) * Fat content (%) Fat yield (kg/d) Protein content (%) Protein yield (kg/d) Lactose content (%) Lactose yield (kg/d) * Bodyweight loss (kg) cows per diet, 105 day trial (*P<0.1)

23 Dairy Trial 2 (Italy) Commercial Italian dairy herd 20 multiparous cows per diet Trial period of 105 days TMR ration based on: maize silage (40%), alfalfa silage (21%), maize (15%), grass hay (5.3%), SBM (5.0%), DDGS (4.1%), cottonseed (4.1%), by-pass fats (1.3%) & premix (1.0%) Diet composition: 17.7% protein, 33.6% NDF & 6.8 % crude fat

24 Dairy Trial 2 (Italy) Milk yield (kg/d) Control Vistacell (4 g/h/d) 36.2** Fat content Fat yield (kg/d) Protein content (%) Protein yield (kg/d) SCC (x 10 6 ) cows per diet, 105 day trial (**P<0.01)

25 Dairy Trial 3 (Italy) Commercial Italian dairy herd 21 multiparous Holstein cows per diet Trial period of 105 days (4-18 weeks in milk) TMR ration based on: maize silage (54%), concentrate (19%), maize (10%), grass hay (8%), grass silage (5%) & soya hulls (4%) Diet composition: 15.6% protein, 32.5% NDF & 4.6 % crude fat

26 Dairy Trial 3 (Italy) Milk yield (kg/d) Control Vistacell (4 g/h/d) 46.2* Milk fat content (%) Fat yield (kg/d) Milk protein content (%) Protein yield (kg/d) * SCC (x 10 6 ) cows per diet, 105 day trial (*P<0.05)

27 Dairy Trial 4 (Italy) Commercial Italian dairy herd 15 multiparous Holstein cows per diet Trial period of 248 days TMR ration based on: wheat silage (30%), sorghum silage (30%), concentrate (31%) and hay (9%) Diet composition: 17.8% protein, 34.4% NDF & 5.0 % crude fat

28 Vistacell Dairy Trial 4 Daily fed intake (kg DM/d) Control Vistacell 18.4 Milk yield (kg/d) * Milk fat (%) Milk fat yield (kg/d) * Milk protein (%) Milk protein yield (kg/d) * 1.09* 15 cows per diet, 35 week trial, *P<0.05

29 Dairy Trials Summary Four trials, total 172 cows Milk yield (kg/d) Fat % Fat yield (kg/d) Control Vistacell 40.8 (+2 kg/d) Protein % Protein yield (kg/d)

30 Conclusions Yeast positively interact with the rumen flora. Yeast improve the rumen environment Yeast stabilise rumen ph Yeast increase fibre digestion. Yeast improve milk production and host health