INTESTINAL {3-GALACTOSIDASE ACTIVITIES IN MALABSORPTION SYN DRoMEs
|
|
- Roderick Clark
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 GASTROENTEROLOGY Copyright 1966 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 50. No.4 P,inted in U.S.A. INTESTINAL {3-GALACTOSIDASE ACTIVITIES IN MALABSORPTION SYN DRoMEs GIUSEPPE ZOPPI, M.D., BEAT HADORN, M.D., RICHARD GITZELMANN, M.D., HANSJORG KISTLER, M.D., AND ANDREA PRADER, M.D. University Pediatric Department, Kinderspital, and University Department of Internal Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland In the past few years, evidence has ac -cumulated indicating multiplicity of intestinal,b-galactosidases in different species including man. 1-7 In man, two,b-galactosidases have been separated by gel filtration with Sephadex.3. 4, 4a Activity of intestinal {3-galactosidases has usually been assayed with the use of lactose (the "natural" substrate) and of synthetic substrates (o-nitrophenyl-{3-galactoside, o-npg; 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-{3- D-galactopyranoside, 6-BNG). In some intestinal preparations from the calfl and rat5, 6 there were indications for the existence of enzymes hydrolyzing synthetic substrates, but not disaccharides of the corresponding configuration. On the other hand, Wallenfels and Fischers purified from calf intestine an enzyme exhibiting high hydrolytic activity with lactose but less activity with o-npg and other synthetic substrates. Thus the problem of substrate specificity must be considered when,b-galactosidase activity is studied in human intestinal mucosa. In rabbit and rat?' 9 activities with lactose and the synthetic substrates have been found to dissociate in different tissue fractions: In most fractionation experiments a Received October 11, Accepted December 3,1965. Address requests for reprints to: Dr. Andrea Prader, Kinderspital ZUrich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 ZUrich, Switzerland. This investigation was supported in part by Grants 3105 and 3586 of Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, and by the Association for the Aid of Crippled Children, New York. The authors are indebted to Dr. D. H. Shmerling for performing the biopsies and to Mrs. G. Schircks for skillful technical assistance. 557 major proportion of {3-galactosidase activity with lactose sedimented with the particulate fraction, whereas most of the activity with synthetic substrates was found in the supernatant fluid. In man several forms of intestinal lactase deficiency are known (reviewed in references 10 and 11). The hereditary congenital lactose malabsorption and the acquired lactose malabsorption are characterized by an isolated deficiency of intestinal lactase activity. In gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease or sprue) and in other malabsorption syndromes with partial or subtotal atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, there is a general deficiency of disaccharidase activity. In all these conditions the intestinal,b-galactosidase activity has been studied only with lactose as substrate. In the rare cases of infantile lactose intolerance with severe lactosuria (Durand syndrome) the question of whether intestinal lactase activity is present or absent remains open. The demonstration of 6- BNG-ase activity in the mucosa of one patientl 2 still does not imply the presence of lactase activity in this syndrome. In order to elucidate the intestinal enzyme defects more precisely,,b-galactosidase activity of human intestinal mucosa was assayed with both lactose and 6-BNG as substrates. Peroral intestinal biopsies were taken from normal adults and children, from patients with acquired lactose malabsorption, and from patients with malabsorption syndromes characterized by various degrees of mucosal atrophy. Materials and Methods Substrates Maltose (4- (a-d-glucopyranosyi) -D-glucopyranoside, The British Drug Houses Ltd., Poole,
2 TABLE 1. Clinical data and fj-galactosidase and a-glucosidase activities in homogenates of jejunal mucosa of adults fl-galactosidases a-glucosidases Blood glucose Group, patients Clinical diagnosis Homogenate increase after oral lactose 6-BNG- asea i L actase Maltase I Sucrase ilsomaltase load (50 g) mg protein/ml I U / g protein 1, Controls L. G. Healthy B.G. Suspected lactose malabsorp mg/100 ml tion M. P. Protein-losing enteropathy S. E. Ulcerative colitis mg/100 ml 2, Isolated lactase deficiency M.F. Lactose malabsorption < mg/ioo ml C. R. Pernicious anemia , Generalized disaccharidase deficiency B. A. Sprue < < mg/100 ml L. P. Chronic diarrhea (abuse of < laxatives) R.M. Chronic diarrhea (hyperthy mg/ioo ml roidism) a 6-BNG-ase 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-fj-galactosidase. Histology Subtotal atrophy '"" 00 t>:l '"'3 t- - 0/>.
3 April 1966 INTESTINAL {3-GALACTOSIDASE'ACTIVITIES 559 TABLE 2. Clinical data and (3-galactosidase and a-glucosidase activities in homogenates of duodenal mucosa of children Patient Age Clinical diagnosis Homogenate p-galactosidases 6-BNG-1 asea Lactase a-glucosidases Maltase I Sucrase I m1se Histology yr mgprotein/ ml G. B. 2 Healthy R.E. 7 Exudative en teropathy V. V. 7 Celiac disease S. M. 5 Celiac disease N. R. 5 Celiac disease IU/g protein < Subtotal atrophy < Subtotal atrophy <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Subtotal atrophy a Abbreviation as in table 1. England), sucrose (a-d-glucopyranosyl-,8-dfructofuranoside, The British Drug Houses Ltd., Poole, England), lactose (4-(,8-D-galactopyranosyl) -D-glucopyranoside, Nutritional Biochemicals Co., Cleveland, Ohio), and 6- bromo-2-naphthyl-,8-d-galactopyranoside (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.) were obtained commercially. Isomaltose (6- (a-d-glucopyranosyl) - D-glucopyranoside) was a generous gift from Dr. Allene Jeanes, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, and from Prof. R. Weidenhagen, N euoffstein/ Pfalz, Germany. Tissue Fractionation Procedure Peroral jejunal biopsies were performed in adults with a Crosby capsule" and duodenal biopsies in children with a Brandborg-Rubin Quinton tube;14 pieces of mucosa weighing 25 to 50 mg were frozen immediately and kept at -20 C until homogenization in cold M NaCI with a hand-operated all glass homogenizer. Centrifugation was performed in the cold at 113,000 X g for 75 min. Protein was estimated by the method of Lowry et a1. 15 Enzyme Assays Enzyme assays were performed on the initial homogenate and on the supernatant and the pellet; the pellet was suspended in 0.5 to 0.8 ml of cold M NaC1. The procedure described by Auricchio et a1. '6 was used for the disaccharidase assays. 6-Bromo-2-naphthyl-,8- galactosidase assays were performed according to Cohen et a1.17 The coupling reaction was carried out with naphthanil diazo blue B (Echtblausalz B, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) using commercial 6-bromo-2-naphthol (6- bromo-2-naphthol, Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wis.) as the standard. TABLE 3. Distribution of 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-{3- galactosidase and lactase activities from jejunal mucosa of adults in the supernatant fluid and pellet after centrifugation at 113,000 X g for 75 m1n Group, patient 6-BNG-asea Lactase super-i natant Pellet super-i natant Pellet fluid fluid IU X 100 IU X 100 1, Controls L.G < B.G < M.P S. E , Isolated lactase deficiency M.F < C.R < , Generalized disaccharidase deficiency B.A < a Abbreviation as in table 1. Results Tables 1 and 2 clearly demonstrate that in the pathological conditions studied, 6- BNG-ase activity remained unchanged although the activities of lactase or of all disaccharidases were lowered. Table 3 shows the distribution of lactase and 6-BNG-ase activities in the supernatants and the pellets. Roughly 60% of
4 560 ZOPFI ET AL. Vol. 50, No.4- the total 6-BNG-ase activity was found in the supernatant and about 20% in the pellet. This distribution was found in both the controls and the patients. The lactase activity was, on the other hand, demonstrated mainly in the pellet. Discussion The occurrence of significant 6-BNG-ase activity in intestinal mucosa of patients with isolated lactase deficiency and of patients with generalized disaccharidase deficiency confirms that at least two enzymes capable of hydrolyzing,8-galactosidic links are present. It would also indicate that the 6-BNG-ase activity is not bound to the brush border region of the epithelial cells since in malabsorption syndromes. this part of the cell undergoes serious alt'erations18 (histology reports in tables 1 and 2). Although the homogenates were not subjected to any special solubilization procedure, 6-BNG-ase activity was found in the supernatant fluid indicating that it had originally been in a soluble form or associated with a particulate (e.g. lysosomal) fraction destroyed by the freezing and fractionation applied to the biopsy specimens. The distribution of 6-BNG-ase activity between supernatant fluid and pellet in the controls was the same as in the patients with lactase deficiency. Thus, the presence of 6-BNG-ase activity in the pellets of three cases (M. F., C. R., B. A., table 3) with only insignificant lactase activity may have been due to incomplete tissue disruption, to contamination of the pellets with supernatant fluid, or to redistribution of the enzyme (s) during, the fractionation procedure.19 In conclusion, the results of this study provide further evidence for the multiplicity of intestinal,8-galactosidases in man. The presence of considerable 6-BNG-ase activity together with a deficiency of lactase activity in patients with clear-cut lactose malabsorption (M. F., B. A., table 1) suggests further that only the particulate enzyme, hydrolyzing mainly lactose, plays a physiological role in the intestinal absorption of lactose while the soluble,8- galactosidase may be the lysosomal,8- galactosidase which has been found m many other tissues.2o It should be noted that lactase deficiency of human small intestine can only be diagnosed when lactose is used as the substrate. Summary In homogenates of intestinal mucosa from normal adults and children, and from patients with acquired lactose malabsorption and with malabsorption syndromes characterized by various degrees of mucosal atrophy,,8-galactosidase activity was assayed using lactose and 6-bromo-2- naphthyl-,8-galactoside (6-BNG) as the substrates. Significant 6-BNG-ase activity was found in the mucosa of patients with an isolated lactase defect and in patients with generalized disaccharidase deficiency. After separation of supernatant fluids and pellets by centrifugation, 6-BNG-ase activity was found mainly in the supernatant fluid and lactase activity mainly in the pellet. This was the same for all subjects examined. These results are interpreted as additional evidence for the existence of more than one,8-galactosidase in human intestinal mucosa. It is thought that only one of these,8-galactosidases, the particulate enzyme hydrolyzing mainly lactose ("true lactase") plays a physiological role in the intestinal absorption of lactose, while the other, the soluble,8-galactosidase, might be compared to the lysosomal,8-galactosidase found in many other tissues. REFERENCES 1. Heilskov, N. S, C Studier over animalsk lactase. Ejnar Munksgaard, Copenhagen. 2. Doell, R. G., and N. Kretchmer Studies of small intestine during development. I. Distribution and activity of,a-galactosidase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 62: Semenza, G" and S. Auricchio Chromatographic separation of human intestinal disaccharidases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 65: Semenza, G., S. Auricchio, and A. Rubino Multiplicity of human intestinal disac-
5 April 1966 INTESTINAL fj-galactosidase ACTIVITIES 561 charidases. I. Chromatographic separation of maltases and of two lactases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 96: a. Hsia, D. Y. Y., M. Makler, G. Semenza, and A. Prader fj-galactosidase activity in human intestinal lact.ases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 113: Dahlqvist, A., B. Bull, and B. E. Gustafsson Rat intestinal 6-bromo-2-naphthylglycosidase and disaccharidase activities. I. Enzyme properties and distribution in the digestive tract of conventional and germfree animals. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 109: Dahlqvist, A., B. Bull, and D. L. Thomson Rat intestinal 6-bromo-2-naphthylglycosidase and disaccharidase activities. II. Solubilization and separation of the small intestinal enzymes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 109: Koldovsky, 0., R Noak, G. Schenk, V. Jirsova, A. Heringova, H. Brana, F. Chytil, and M. Fridrich Activity of fjgalactosidase in homogenates and isolated microvilli fraction of jejunal mucosa from suckling rats. Biochem. J. 96: Wallenfels, K, and J. Fischer Untersuchungen uber milchzuckerspaltende Enzyme. X. Die Lactase des Kalberdarms. Z. PhysioI. Chern. 321: Doell, R G., and N. Kretchmer Studies of small intestine during development. II. The intracellular location of intestinal fjgalactosidase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 67: Haemmerli, U. P., H. J. Kistler, R Ammann, S. Auricchio, and A. Prader Lactasemangel der Dunndarmmucosa als Ursache gewisser Formen erworbener Milchintoleranz beim Erwachsenen. Helv. Med. Acta 30: Prader, A., and S. Auricchio Defects of intestinal disaccharide absorption. Ann. Rev. Med.16: Arakawa, T., J. Akabane, and M. Akabane Lactose intolerance with normal activity of lactase. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 83: Crosby, W. H., and H. W. Kugler Intraluminal biopsy of the small intestine; the intestinal biopsy capsule. ArneI'. J. Dig. Dis. 2: Brandborg, L. L., C. E. Rubin, and W. E. Quinton A multipurpose instrument for suction biopsy of the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and colon. Gastroenterology 37 : Lowry, O. H., N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R J. Randall Protein measurements with the Folin phenol reagent. J. BioI. Chern. 193: Auricchio, S., A. Rubino, R Tosi, G. Semenza, M. Landolt, H. Kistler, and A. Prader Disaccharidase activities in human intestinal mucosa. Enzym. BioI. Clin. (Basel) 3: Cohen, R B., K C. Tsou, S. H. Rutenburg, and A. M. Seligman The colorimetric estimation and histochemical demonstration of fj-d-galactosidase. J. BioI. Chern. 195: Rubin, C. E., L. L. Brandborg, A. L. Flick, W. C. MacDonald, R A. Parkins, C. M. Parmentier, P. Phelps, S. Sribhibhadh, and J. S. Trier, Intestinal biopsy. Ciba Foundation study group no. 14, p J. & A. Churchill Ltd., London. 19. Gitzelmann, R, E. A. Davidson, and J. Osinchak Disaccharidase of rabbit small intestine: intracellular distribution, solubilization, purification and specificity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 85: Sellinger, O. Z., H. Beaufay, P. Jacques, A. Doyen, and C. de Duve Tissue fractionation studies 15: Intracellular distribution and properties of fj-n-acetylglucosaminidase and fj-galactosidase III rat liver. Biochem. J. 74:
LACTOSE TOLERANCE TESTS IN ADULTS WITH NORMAL LACTASE ACTIVITY
GASTROENTEROLOGY Copyright 1966 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 50, No.3 Printed in U.S.A. LACTOSE TOLERANCE TESTS IN ADULTS WITH NORMAL LACTASE ACTIVITY ALBERT D. NEWCOMER, M.D., AND DOUGLAS B. MCGILL,
More informationCongenital Lactose Malabsorption
Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1970, 45, 173. Congenital Lactose Malabsorption B. LEVIN, J. M. ABRAHAM. E. ANN BURGESS, and PATRICIA G. WALLIS From the Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, London,
More informationJEJUNAL DISACCHARIDASES IN PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION AND RECOVERY
JEJUNAL DISACCHARIDASES IN PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION AND RECOVERY R. Mehra S.M. Khambadkone M.K. Jain S. Ganapathy ABSTRACT The jejunal disaccharidases, sucrose, maltose and lactose, were determined
More informationTHE EFFECT OF DIET ON LACTASE ACTIVITY IN THE RAT
GASTROENTEROLOGY Copyright 1971 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 60, No.3 Printed in U. S. A. THE EFFECT OF DET ON LACTASE ACTVTY N THE RAT T. D. BOLN, M.B., M.R.C.P., ANNE McKERN, AND A. E. DAVS, M.D.,
More informationACTIVITIES OF BRUSH BORDER LACTASE, ACID fj-galactosidase, AND HETERO-fj-GALACTOSIDASE IN THE JEJUNUM OF THE ZAMBIAN AFRICAN
GASTROENTEROLOGY 64: 405-410, 1973 Copyright 1973 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 64, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. ACTIVITIES OF BRUSH BORDER LACTASE, ACID fj-galactosidase, AND HETERO-fj-GALACTOSIDASE IN
More informationin intestinal lactase deficiency. children, and this disaccharide is important food for
ntestinal - Galactosidases. SPARATON AND CHARACTRZATON OF THR NZYMS N NORMAL HUMAN NTSTN GARY M. GRAY and NNA A. SANntAco From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
More informationDisaccharides and Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas*
Arch. Dis. Childh., 1969, 44, 63. Disaccharides and Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas* I. S. E. GIBBONSt From The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, and Institute of Child Health, Guilford
More informationCoeliac Disease. 4 patients with miscellaneous conditions: post-gastroenteric. insufficiency (1), and glucose-galactose intolerance (1).
Arch. Dis. Childh., 1966, 41, 519. Intestinal Disaccharidase Deficiency in Children with Coeliac Disease A. B. ARTHUR* From the Department of Chemical Pathology, Institute of Child Health, and The Hospitalfor
More informationLactase deficiency in Indians
editor: Robert B. Bradfield, Ph.D. international nutrition Lactase deficiency in Indians Vinodini Reddy, M.D., D.C.H., and Jitender Pershad, M.B.B.S., D.C.H., M.Sc. In recent years, great interest has
More informationLactose Intolerance in Childhood Coeliac Disease
Arch. Dis. Childh., 1968, 43, 433. Lactose Intolerance in Childhood Coeliac Disease Assessment of its Incidence and Importance ALEXANDER S. McNEISH and ELIZABETH M. SWEET From the Royal Hospital for Sick
More informationControl of Jejunal Sucrase and Maltase Activity by Dietary Sucrose or Fructose in Man
Control of Jejunal Sucrase and Maltase Activity by Dietary or Fructose in Man A MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF ENZYME REGULATION IN MAN NORTON S. ROSENSWEIG and ROBERT H. HERMAN From the Metabolic Division, U.
More informationStudies of intestinal fermentation in ulcerative
Gut, 1968, 9, 51-56 Studies of intestinal fermentation in ulcerative colitis R. D. MONTGOMERY, A. C. FRAZER, CATHRYN HOOD, J. M. GOODHART, M. R. HOLLAND, AND R. SCHNEIDER From the Metabolic Unit, East
More informationchildren are shown in Table 1. Most children were under three years of age, and all were Caucasian,
Gut, 1980, 21, 44-48 Microvillous surface area in secondary disaccharidase deficiency A D PHILLIPS', SARA AVIGAD, JOANNA SACKS, S J RICE, N E FRANCE, AND J A WALKER-SMITH From the Queen Elizabeth Hospital
More informationCrohn's disease1. Institution of a lactose-free (or lactose-poor) diet was an important supporting measure
Gut, 1970, 11, 338-343 Incidence and clinical significance of lactose malabsorption in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease1 E. GUDMAND-H0YER AND STIG JARNUM From Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen SUMMARY The
More informationReference Intervals for Intestinal Disaccharidase Activities Determined from a Non-Reference Population
Reference Intervals for Intestinal Disaccharidase Activities Determined from a Non-Reference Population Sarah A. Hackenmueller 1 and David G. Grenache 1,2 * Background: Cutoff activities for diagnosing
More informationDissecting Microscope Appearance of
Arch. Dis. Childh., 1967, 42, 626. Dissecting Microscope Appearance of Small Bowel Mucosa in Children JOHN WALKER-SMITH From Professorial Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, Sydney,
More informationSPECIFICITY OF THE HUMAN INTESTINAL DISACCHARIDASES
Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol. 41, No. 3, 1962 SPECIFICITY OF THE HUMAN INTESTINAL DISACCHARIDASES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HEREDITARY DISACCHARIDE INTOLERANCE * By ARNE DAHLQVIST (From the Department
More informationIntegrating Novel Diagnostic Strategies into Practice: Key Points. Stanley Cohen, MD Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
Integrating Novel Diagnostic Strategies into Practice: Key Points Stanley Cohen, MD Emory University Atlanta, Georgia Disclosure Research: Janssen, Covidien/Medtronics, AbbVie, AstraZeneca and QOL Speaker:
More informationNon-Invasive Assessment of Intestinal Function
Overview Non-Invasive Assessment of Intestinal Function Introduction This paper will demonstrate that the 13 C-sucrose breath test ( 13 C-SBT) determines the health and function of the small intestine.
More informationLactose Absorption and Mucosal Disaccharidases in Convalescent Pellagra and Kwashiorkor Children
Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1971, 46, 474. Lactose Absorption and Mucosal Disaccharidases in Convalescent Pellagra and Kwashiorkor Children J. G. PRINSLOO, W. WITTMANN, H. KRUGER, and E. FREIER From
More informationMonosaccharides: Little amounts Don t need any digestion
Slide 8 Digestion result in mono and disaccharides & alpha-dextrins (oligosaccharides) Alpha1-4 in sequences / alpha1-6 at branches Dietary carbohydrates: Polysaccharides: 1) Containing α(1,4)/ α(1,6)
More informationMalabsorption: etiology, pathogenesis and evaluation
Malabsorption: etiology, pathogenesis and evaluation Peter HR Green NORMAL ABSORPTION Coordination of gastric, small intestinal, pancreatic and biliary function Multiple mechanisms Fat protein carbohydrate
More informationLactase activity is under hormonal control in the intestine of adult rat
Gut, 1983, 24, 648-652 Lactase activity is under hormonal control in the intestine of adult rat F RAUL, R NORIEGA, E NSI-EMVO, M DOFFOEL, AND J From the Unitd 61 de l'inserm, Strasbourg, France F GRENIER
More informationResearch Article. Selective lactase deficiency is common in pediatric patients undergoing upper endoscopy
Research Article Selective lactase deficiency is common in pediatric patients undergoing upper endoscopy Annie Goodwin 1, Lina Karam 1, G S Gopalakrishna 1 and Richard Kellermayer 1,2 1 Section of Pediatric
More informationEffect of Low Lactose Milk "Eiwit Melk (E.M.) on Low Birth Weight Infants with Diarrhoea
198 Paediatrica Indonesiana 15 : 198 206. July August 1975. From the Department of Child Health, Medical School Vniveisity of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Effect of Low Lactose Milk "Eiwit Melk (E.M.)
More informationNutritional assessments and diagnosis of digestive disorders
Nutritional assessments and diagnosis of digestive disorders AASER ABDELAZIM Assistant professor of Medical Biochemistry Zagazig University, Egypt University of Bisha, KSA aaserabdelazim@yahoo.com 7 Mal
More informationEffect of tannic acid on brush border disaccharidases in mammalian intestine
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 45, April 2007, pp 353-358 Effect of tannic acid on brush border disaccharidases in mammalian intestine Ayesha Chauhan, Shiffalli Gupta & Akhtar Mahmood* Department
More informationAbdulrahman Alhanbali. Lojayn Salah. Mohammad Khatatbeh. 1 P a g e
7 Abdulrahman Alhanbali Lojayn Salah Mohammad Khatatbeh 1 P a g e In this lecture we will talk about digestion and absorption of food in the alimentary tract. But first of all we have some important points
More informationMetabolism of Circulating Disaccharides in Man and
Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol. 46, No. 4, 1967 Metabolism of Circulating Disaccharides in Man and the Rat * ELLIOT WESER t AND MARVIN H. SLEISENGER t WITH THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE OF MARJORIE DICKSTEIN
More informationA CLINICAL STUDY OF LACTOSE INTOLERANCE AFTER GASTRECTOMY. First Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume, 830, Japan
THE KURUME MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 25, No. 4, p. 295-300, 1978 A CLINICAL STUDY OF LACTOSE INTOLERANCE AFTER GASTRECTOMY HIROYOSHI MIZOTE, SHIGEHIRO TERASAKI, TADAHIKO RYU, KOUICHI VEDA, YOSHIMASA IWAMI,
More informationTHE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
POSTGRAD. MED. J. (196), 37, 717 THE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE R. HOLMES, M.Sc., M.B., PH.D.,* D. O'B. HOURIHANE, M.B. D.C.P., M.R.C.P.I.,t C. C. BOOTH, M.D., M.R.C.P. The Postgraduate Medical School
More informationPrevalence of lactase deficiency in British adults
Prevalence of lactase deficiency in British adults Gut, 1984, 25, 163-167 ANNE FERGUSON, DOROTHY M MACDONALD, AND W GORDON BRYDON From the Gastro-Intestinal Unit, University of Edinburgh, and Western General
More informationDisaccharidase deficiencies
J. clin. Path., 24, Suppl. (Roy. Coll. Path.), 5, 22-28 Disaccharidase deficiencies G. NEALE From the Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Du Cane Road, London Up to 12 years ago
More informationDigestion of Carbohydrates. BCH 340 Lecture 2
Digestion of Carbohydrates BCH 340 Lecture 2 Carbohydrates are called carbohydrates because they are essentially hydrates of carbon (i.e. they are composed of carbon and water and have a composition of
More informationSTUDIES OF SMALL BOWEL ADAPTATION AFTER INTESTINAL RESECTION IN THE RAT
GASTROENTEROLOGY Copyright @ 1971 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 60, No.1 Printed in U. S. A. STUDIES OF SMALL BOWEL ADAPTATION AFTER INTESTINAL RESECTION IN THE RAT ELLIOT WESER, M.D., AND MARY H.
More informationEnzymes Help Us Digest Food 1
Enzymes Help Us Digest Food 1 Introduction to Sugars and Enzymes The food you eat contains many different types of molecules, including two types of sugar molecules: monosaccharides and disaccharides.
More informationL1, 2 : Biochemical Aspects of Digestion of Lipids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates
L1, 2 : Biochemical Aspects of Digestion of Lipids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates OBJECTIVES: Understand the process of digestion of dietary lipids, protein and carbohydrates including, the organs involved,
More informationDisorders of carbohydrate digestion and absorption
J. clin. Path., 22, suppl. (Ass. clin. Path.), 2, 24-31 Disorders of carbohydrate digestion and absorption B. LEVN NORMAL DGESTON AND ABSORPTON 'carrier' has not been identified, the kinetics of the OF
More informationMonosaccharide Transport
Review Article Arch. Dis. Childh., 1967, 42, 341. Sugar Malabsorption Due to Deficiencies of Disaccharidase Activities and of Monosaccharide Transport A. HOLZEL From the Department of Child Health, University
More informationDigestion and Absorption
Digestion and Absorption General Considerations - No absorption in esophagus, little in the stomach and vast majority of absorption occurs in small intestine. - The small intestine has specialized structures
More informationMalabsorption is characterized by defective absorption of: Fats fat- and water-soluble vitamins Proteins Carbohydrates Electrolytes Minerals water
Malabsorption Malabsorption is characterized by defective absorption of: Fats fat- and water-soluble vitamins Proteins Carbohydrates Electrolytes Minerals water presents most commonly as chronic diarrhea
More informationDifferential acetylcholinesterase activity in rat cerebrum, cerebellum and hypothalamus
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 44, May 2006, pp. 381-386 Differential acetylcholinesterase activity in rat cerebrum, cerebellum and hypothalamus Rini Roy (Pal) & Aditi Nag Chaudhuri* Department
More informationCellobiose/mannitol sugar permeability test
Cellobiose/mannitol sugar permeability test complements biopsy histopathology in clinical investigation of the jejunum S STROBEL, W G BRYDON, AND ANNE FERGUSON Gut, 1984, 25, 1241-1246 From the Gastro-Intestinal
More informationEffect of Chronic Malnutrition on Intestinal Structure, Epithelial Renewal, and Enzymes in Suckling Rats
Pediatr. Res. 15: 930-934 (1981) development, postnatal intestine, small disaccharides protein-calorie malnutrition Effect of Chronic Malnutrition on Intestinal Structure, Epithelial Renewal, and Enzymes
More informationNew Directions in Lactose Intolerance: Moving from Science to Solutions
New Directions in Lactose Intolerance: Moving from Science to Solutions PAPANDREOU DIMITRIOS, PhD, MS., RD. Ass. Professor of Nutrition, University of Nicosia A Barrier to Dairy Consumption Lactose intolerance
More informationMalabsorption Syndromes in Children
Malabsorption Syndromes in Children Oxana Turcu, PhD, assistant professor Department of Pediatrics Malabsorption syndromes include a number of different clinical manifestations, that result in chronic
More informationTsuneyuki OKU* and Sunja KWON**
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 1998, 44, 69-78 Disaccharidase Activity in Rat Cecum and Colon with Hyperplasia Induced by Maltitol or Glucomannan Tsuneyuki OKU* and Sunja KWON** Department of Nutrition, School
More informationNutrition, Digestion, & Absorption
Nutrition, Digestion, & Absorption Globally, undernutritionis widespread, leading to impaired growth, defective immune system, and reduced work capacity. By contrast, in developed countries, and increasingly
More informationI. Patterns of the Rhythms in Various Regions of the Small Intestine1
J. Biochem., 78, 475-480 (1975) Circadian Rhythms in Digestive Enzymes in the Small Intestine of Rats I. Patterns of the Rhythms in Various Regions of the Small Intestine1 Masayuki SAITO, Eiko MURAKAMI,
More informationRefractory celiac disease (RCD) KASSEM BARADA LEBANESE SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY NOVEMBER, 2014
Refractory celiac disease (RCD) KASSEM BARADA LEBANESE SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY NOVEMBER, 2014 Case scenario (1) A 49 year woman presents with intermittent watery diarrhea and bloating of two years
More informationSheila E. Crowe, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FACG, AGAF Department of Medicine University of California, San Diego
Severe and Emergency Presentations of Celiac Disease Sheila E. Crowe, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FACG, AGAF Department of Medicine University of California, San Diego Case Presentation (1) 63 year old male transferred
More informationDigestive System. Part 3
Digestive System Part 3 Digestion Ingested materials must be broken down for absorption Majority of absorption in small intestine Water and alcohol in stomach mucosa Some salts and vitamins in large intestine
More informationProtein synthesis by cultured jejunal mucosa from
Gut, 1981, 22, 623-627 Protein synthesis by cultured jejunal mucosa from control subjects and patients with coeliac disease P E JONES,* C L L'HIRONDEL,t AND T J PETERS$ From the Department of Medicine,
More informationA GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE INHIBITOR OF SEASONAL OCCURRENCE IN COD (GADUS MORHUA) AND OTHER FISH
J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. (969) 49, 447-453 447 Printed in Great Britain A GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE INHIBITOR OF SEASONAL OCCURRENCE IN COD (GADUS MORHUA) AND OTHER FISH By P. R. DANDO The Plymouth Laboratory
More informationDiseases of the gastrointestinal system. H Awad Lecture 2: small intestine/ part 2 and appendix
Diseases of the gastrointestinal system H Awad Lecture 2: small intestine/ part 2 and appendix Malabsorption most important causes of malabsorption: Celiac disease tropical sprue Lactase deficiency Whipple
More informationSugar-induced diarrhoea in children
Review article Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1973, 48, 331. Sugar-induced diarrhoea in children MICHAEL GRACEY* and VALERIE BURKE From the Gastroenterological Research Unit, Princess Margaret Children's
More informationOhio Journal of Science (Ohio Academy of Science) Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 57, Issue 2 (March, 1957)
The Ohio State University Knowledge Bank kb.osu.edu Ohio Journal of Science (Ohio Academy of Science) Ohio Journal of Science: Volume 7, Issue (March, 197) 197-03 The Hydrolysis of,, and by Small Intestinal
More informationDevelopment of Intestinal Disaccharidase Activities in Nursing Calves
Development of Intestinal Disaccharidase Activities in Nursing Calves Toshikazu MIYASHIGE and Shigefusa YAHATA Chugoku National Agricultural Experiment Station, Oda-shi 694-01 (Received July 5,1979) Abstract
More informationDone By : shady soghayr
Done By : shady soghayr Malabsorption Malabsorption is characterized by defective absorption of: Fats fat- and water-soluble vitamins Proteins Carbohydrates Electrolytes Minerals Water presents most commonly
More informationBreath analysis a key to understanding intestinal function
45 Breath analysis a key to understanding intestinal function D. Tivey 1 and R. Butler 2 1 Department of Animal Science, Waite and Roseworthy Campuses, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond SA 564
More informationSmall intestinal mucosal patterns of coeliac disease and idiopathic steatorrhoea seen in other situations
Gut, 1964, 5, 51 Small intestinal mucosal patterns of coeliac disease and idiopathic steatorrhoea seen in other situations R. R. W. TOWNLEY, M. H. CASS, AND CHARLOTTE M. ANDERSON From the Gastroenterological
More informationScalloped Valvulae Conniventes: An Endoscopic Marker of Celiac Sprue
GASTROENTEROLOGY 1988;95:1518-22 Scalloped Valvulae Conniventes: An Endoscopic Marker of Celiac Sprue MANSOUR JABBARI, GARY WILD, CARL A. GORESKY, DONALD S. PAL Y, JOHN O. LOUGH, D. PAUL CLELAND, and DOUGLAS
More informationMaillard browning reaction: a non-enzymatic browning. Advantages of Maillard browning
Maillard browning reaction: a non-enzymatic browning Under some conditions, reducing sugars produce brown colors that are desirable and important in some foods. Other brown colors obtained upon heating
More informationBiochemistry lecturer Bio- chemical Eng. Zahraa Abdulhussein Mousa. Bio.Eng Zahraa A.A. Mousa
Biochemistry lecturer Bio- chemical Eng. Zahraa Abdulhussein Mousa Overview Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules in nature Wide range of functions e.g., a significant fraction of the energy
More informationGLUTEN ENTEROPATHY APPEARING AFTER GASTRIC SURGERY
GASTROENTEROLOGY Copyright @ 1966 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 50, No.6 Printed in U.S.A. GLUTEN ENTEROPATHY APPEARING AFTER GASTRIC SURGERY C. ANDERSON HEDBERG, M.D., CLIFFORD S. MELNYK, M.D., AND
More informationCollege of Science Department of Biochemistry
Dr. Abir Alghanouchi College of Science Department of Biochemistry Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are called carbohydrates because they are essentially hydrates of carbon(i.e. they are composed of carbon
More informationThe Digestive System. 1- Carbohydrates 2- Proteins 3- Lipids 4- Water 5- Vitamins 6- Minerals 7- Fibers
I. Type of food: The Digestive System 1- Carbohydrates 2- Proteins 3- Lipids 4- Water 5- Vitamins 6- Minerals 7- Fibers 1- Carbohydrates: are energy foods (sugars). They are made of C,H, and O atoms. They
More informationIntestinal Enterokinase Deficiency
Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1970, 45, 651. Intestinal Enterokinase Deficiency A Newly-recognized Disorder of Protein Digestion M. J. TAROW, B. HADORN, M. W. ARTHURTON, and JUNE K. OYD From The Hospitalfor
More informationLYSOSOMAL ENZYMES OF RAT
Published Online: 1 November, 1964 Supp Info: http://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.23.2.233 Downloaded from jcb.rupress.org on April 29, 2018 LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES OF RAT INTESTINAL MUCOSA LICHU HSU, Ph.D., and A. L.
More informationcoeliac syndrome per day. Investigations showed a megaloblastic anaemia showed a flat mucosa. ileum were resected and he made an uninterrupted
Gut, 1965, 6, 466 Post-mortem examination of a small intestine in the coeliac syndrome B. CREAMER AND P. LEPPARD From the Gastro-Intestinal Laboratory, St Thomas's Hospital, London EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This
More informationThree-dimensional structure of the human small intestinal mucosa in health and disease
Gut, 1969, 10, 6-12 Three-dimensional structure of the human small intestinal mucosa in health and disease C. A. LOEHRY AND B. CREAMER From the Gastrointestinal Laboratory, St Thomas' Hospital, London
More informationEnzymes. It is important to concentrate on working to control the controllable, the rest will happen anyway.
Enzymes It is important to concentrate on working to control the controllable, the rest will happen anyway. It is probable that 50% of what we learn and know today will change within 5 years as we travel
More informationLAB 3: Biomolecules and Digestion
Page 3.1 LAB 3: Biomolecules and Digestion Food taken into our bodies must first be broken down by mechanical and chemical digestion before it can be absorbed and used as an energy source. The chemical
More informationEnzymes Topic 3.6 & 7.6 SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS!!!!!!!
Enzymes Topic 3.6 & 7.6 SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS!!!!!!! Key Words Enzyme Substrate Product Active Site Catalyst Activation Energy Denature Enzyme-Substrate Complex Lock & Key model Induced fit model
More informationlactose-fermenting variants (reds). Appreciable lactose utilization variants. Hershey and Bronfenbrenner (1936) found the non-lactosefermenting
THE LACTASE ACTIVITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI- MUTABILE' CHARLES J. DEERE, ANNA DEAN DULANEY AND I. D. MICHELSON Department of Chemistry and Department of Bacteriology, University of Tennessee School of Biological
More informationExplain the reason for this difference in resolving power.
1. (a) An electron microscope has a much greater resolving power than an optical microscope. (i) Explain the meaning of the term resolving power. Explain the reason for this difference in resolving power.
More information... DIANA CLAIRE SMITH. B.S.A.- University of British Columbia, the Department. We accept this thesis as conforming to the
CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION IN THE CHINCHILLA by... DIANA CLAIRE SMITH B.S.A.- University of British Columbia, 1967 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
More informationPROGRESS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
GASTROENTEROLOGY Copyright 1970 by The Williams & Wilkins Co. Vol. 58, No.1 Printed in U.S.A. PROGRESS N GASTROENTEROLOGY CARBOHYDRATE DGESTON AND ABSORPTON GARY M. GRAY, M.D. Department of Medicine, Stanford
More informationViral Enteritis: A Cause of Disordered Small Intestinal Epithelial Renewal
Chronic Diarrhea in Children, edited by Emanuel Lebenthal. Nestle, Vevey/Raven Press, New York 1984. Viral Enteritis: A Cause of Disordered Small Intestinal Epithelial Renewal J. R. Hamilton Department
More informationDigestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4
Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4 1. Which of the following is not associated directly with the small intestine: a. villi b. circular folds c. microvilli d. haustrae e. secretin 2. The largest (longest)
More informationDevelopment of the Functions of the Small Intestine in Mammals and Man
Development of the Functions of the Small Intestine in Mammals and Man Ο. KOLDOVSKY Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition Institute of Physiology of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Praha Krc With
More informationTO Approved for public release, distribution unlimited
UNCLASSIFIED AD NUMBER AD813568 NEW LIMITATION CHANGE TO Approved for public release, distribution unlimited FROM Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't. agencies and their contractors; Critical Technology;
More informationThe Aging Digestive System
The Aging Digestive System shows significant senescence in old age: less saliva food less flavorful, harder swallowing ~half of those over 65 yrs wear dentures gastric mucosa secretes less acid reduces
More informationLec 3a- BPK 110 Human Nutr.:Current Iss.
Lec 3a- BPK 110 Human Nutr.:Current Iss. 1. Overview Carbohydrates (CHO) 2. Types of Carbohydrates 3. Why to Include Carbohydrates in Your Diet? 4. Digestion, Absorption and Transport of Carbohydrates
More informationBiomarkers of GI tract diseases. By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik
By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik Introduction The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system performing multiple biological functions which are anatomically distributed Site for food processing and absorption
More informationCoeliac Disease Bible Class Questions and Answers
Coeliac Disease Bible Class Questions and Answers Jan Hendrik Niess What is the definition of coeliac disease? Coeliac disease is an immune reaction to gluten (wheat, barely, rye) in an genetic predisposed
More informationSection 2.1: Enzymes and Digestion
Section 2.1: Enzymes and Digestion Glands produce enzymes that are used to break down large molecules into smaller ones that are ready for abortion. The digestive system provides an interface between the
More informationFOCUS SubCell. For the Enrichment of Subcellular Fractions. (Cat. # ) think proteins! think G-Biosciences
169PR 01 G-Biosciences 1-800-628-7730 1-314-991-6034 technical@gbiosciences.com A Geno Technology, Inc. (USA) brand name FOCUS SubCell For the Enrichment of Subcellular Fractions (Cat. # 786 260) think
More informationDisorders of carbohydrate absorption in childhood
J. clin. Path., 24, Suppl. (Roy. Coll. Path.), 5, 14-21 Disorders of carbohydrate absorption in childhood CHARLOTTE M. ANDERSON From the University of Birmingham, Institute of Child Health, Francis Road,
More informationDigestive System Processes *
OpenStax-CNX module: m44742 1 Digestive System Processes * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section, you
More informationCONTENTS. Digestion of carbohydrates. Absorption of carbohydrates. Clinical significance
CONTENTS Digestion of carbohydrates Absorption of carbohydrates Clinical significance Carbohydrates present in the diet Polysaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides Starch Glycogen Lactose Maltose Sucrose
More informationHistologic Follow-up of People With Celiac Disease on a Gluten-Free Diet Slow and Incomplete Recovery
Anatomic Pathology / HISTOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP OF PEOPLE WITH CELIAC DISEASE ON A GLUTEN-FREE DIET Histologic Follow-up of People With Celiac Disease on a Gluten-Free Diet Slow and Incomplete Recovery Peter
More informationQuantitation of intraepithelial lymphocytes
Gut, 1971, 12, 988-994 Quantitation of intraepithelial lymphocytes inhuman jejunum ANNE FERGUSON AND D. MURRAY From the University Departments ofbacteriology and Immunology (Western Infirmary) and Pathology
More informationLevel 2. Non Responsive Celiac Disease KEY POINTS:
Level 2 Non Responsive Celiac Disease KEY POINTS: Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune condition triggered by ingestion of gluten leading to intestinal damage and a variety of clinical manifestations.
More informationPrimary sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (SID) is an inherited
Variable Use of Disaccharidase Assays When Evaluating Abdominal Pain Stanley A. Cohen, MD, and Hannah Oloyede, MS Dr Cohen is director of IBD research at the Children s Center for Digestive Health Care,
More informationWireless Capsule Endoscopy as a Diagnostic Technique in Disorders of the Small Bowel, Esophagus and Colon Corporate Medical Policy
Wireless Capsule Endoscopy as a Diagnostic Technique in Disorders of the Small Bowel, Esophagus and Colon Corporate Medical Policy File Name: Wireless Capsule Endoscopy as a Diagnostic Technique in Disorders
More informationDigestion and Absorption
Digestion and Absorption Digestion and Absorption Digestion is a process essential for the conversion of food into a small and simple form. Mechanical digestion by mastication and swallowing Chemical digestion
More information2013 Pearson Education, Inc. THE DIGESTION PROCESS: PART II
THE DIGESTION PROCESS: PART II Digestion in the Small Intestine Chyme from stomach contains Partially digested carbohydrates and proteins Undigested fats 2-3 hours in small intestine (up to 6 if sluggish)
More information