Quantitative trait loci mapping for meat quality and muscle fiber traits in a Japanese wild boar Large White intercross
|
|
- Millicent Hubbard
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Quantitative trait loci mapping for meat quality and muscle fiber traits in a Japanese wild boar Large White intercross M. Nii* 1, T. Hayashi, S. Mikawa, F. Tani*, A. Niki*, N. Mori*, Y. Uchida, N. Fujishima-Kanaya, M. Komatsu, and T. Awata *Livestock Research Institute, Tokushima Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center, Anan, Tokushima , Japan; National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan; STAFF-Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan; and National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan ABSTRACT: Three generations of a swine family produced by crossing a Japanese wild boar and three Large White female pigs were used to map QTL for various production traits. Here we report the results of QTL analyses for skeletal muscle fiber composition and meat quality traits based on phenotypic data of 353 F 2 animals and genotypic data of 225 markers covering almost the entire pig genome for all of the F 2 animals as well as their F 1 parents and F 0 grandparents. The results of a genome scan using least squares regression interval mapping provided evidence that QTL (<1% genome-wise error rate) affected the proportion of the number of type IIA muscle fibers on SSC2, the number of type IIB on SSC14, the relative area (RA) of type I on SSCX, the RA of type IIA on SSC6, the RA of type IIB on SSC6 and SSC14, the Minolta a* values of loin on SSC4 and SSC6, the Minolta b* value of loin on SSC15, and the hematin content of the LM on SSC6. Quantitative trait loci (<5% genome-wise error rate) were found for the number of type I on SSC1, SSC14, and SSCX, for the number of type IIA on SSC14, for the number of type IIB on SSC2, for the RA of type IIA on SSC2, for the Minolta b* value of loin on SSC3, for the ph of loin on SSC15, and for the i.m. fat content on SSC15. Twenty-four QTL were detected for 11 traits at the 5% genome-wise level. Some traits were associated with each other, so the 24 QTL were located on 11 genomic regions. In five QTL located on SSC2, SSC6, and SSC14, each wild boar allele had the effect of increasing types I and IIA muscle fibers and decreasing type IIB muscle fibers. These effects are expected to improve meat quality. Key Words: Linkage Analysis, Meat Quality, Muscle Fiber, Pigs, Quantitative Trait Loci 2005 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. J. Anim. Sci : Introduction The Japanese wild boar has not been domesticated and its productivity is generally low. However, its meat is prized for its dark red color, juiciness, rich taste, and high water-holding capacity (Murakami et al., 2001). Japanese wild boars are genetically separate from European wild boars (Okumura et al., 2001). They are expected to contain novel genetic resources because they were not used when most commercial pig breeds were established in Europe. If QTL for meat quality, in which Japanese wild boar alleles are preferable to those of European pigs, are mapped, this information 1 Correspondence: Watariagari, Shimoono (phone: ; fax: ; nii_masahiro_1@pref.tokushima. lg.jp). Received July 7, Accepted October 20, will be useful for genetic improvement of commercial pigs. European wild boars are characterized as having a high ratio of red muscle fibers (Essén-Gustavsson and Lindholm, 1984; Solomon et al., 1985). The number of red muscle fibers was negatively associated with that of white muscle fibers, the higher proportion of which leads to increased R-values (degrees of deamination of adenosine) and lactate production, resulting in poor meat quality (Reiner et al., 2002). Existing QTL analyses using intercrosses between European wild boar and Large White populations (Andersson et al., 1994; Andersson-Eklund et al., 1998; Knott et al., 1998) have indicated no QTL affecting meat quality at the genomewise significance level. It is more difficult to identify QTL that affect meat quality than to identify those affecting growth and carcass composition because meat quality traits, such as water-holding capacity, cooking loss, juiciness, and ph are influenced by both pre- and postmortem environmental factors. 308
2 QTL mapping for meat quality in pigs 309 Here we focused on muscle fiber characteristics that are key determinants of meat quality affected by few environmental factors and also on general biochemical properties. To identify QTL affecting muscle fiber traits, we produced an F 2 resource population from a cross between a Japanese wild boar male and three Large White females, and performed analyses with interval mapping. Materials and Methods Resource Population and Phenotype Measurement A Japanese wild boar was mated to three Large White female pigs maintained in a closed breeding scheme spanning seven generations at the Tokushima Prefectural Livestock Research Institute. One F 1 male derived from each of the three Large White females was mated to two or three full-sib F 1 females (a total of seven sows) to produce 353 F 2 animals. All animals were weaned at 28 d of age, and males were castrated. Piglets were given an ad libitum diet containing 14% CP, 2.0% crude fat, 5.0% CF, 6.0% crude ash, and 74.5% TDN (DM basis) during the testing period from 120 d of age to slaughter. The F 2 pigs were slaughtered in 44 batches between May 1999 and March The average age at slaughter was ± 9.0 d. Meat quality traits were measured in the longissimus thoracis muscle in a sample taken between the 6th and the 8th ribs of each animal. Analyzed Traits Phenotypes of 24 traits affecting meat quality and muscle composition of the F 2 animals were recorded. These traits are listed in Table 1, which also shows the means, standard deviations, and results of analyses of variance with respect to sex and parity for each trait. Because of occasional sampling problems, measurements of some traits were not available for some animals. The 24 traits are described in the following sections. Meat Quality Traits. Postmortem ph was measured using a Horiba portable ph meter (D-21, Horiba, Kyoto, Japan), and muscle color was scored according to Minolta measurements using a chroma meter (CR-200, Minolta, Tokyo, Japan), with L* for lightness, a* for redness and b* for yellowness. Both ph and muscle color measurements were taken at 24 h postmortem on the exposed cut surface of the muscle. Water-holding capacity was measured using two different methods: a filter paper press method (WHC1; Wierbichki and Deatherage, 1958) and a filter paper centrifugation method (WHC2; Irie et al., 1992). The filter paper press method was performed by placing a meat sample, weighing 400 to 600 mg, on a filter paper, which was then sandwiched between translucent plastic plates and pressed at 35 kg/cm 2 for 1 min. The meat and liquid areas on the filter paper were measured with a video image analysis system (Aspect, Mitani, Fukui, Japan). The following formula was applied: WHC1 = (1 [area of liquid, cm 2 area of meat, cm 2 ] 9.47/sample [mg]) 100%. At the same time, spreadability was assessed according to the meat sample area:meat sample weight ratio. The centrifugation method was carried out with polypropylene tubes, each equipped with a filter and beads at the bottom to separate the meat from the expelled liquid. A meat sample weighing 400 to 600 mg was centrifuged at 2,100 g for 30 min at 4 C, after which the meat was reweighed to obtain WHC2 as the difference between weights of sample before and after centrifugation. To measure cooking loss, a loin cube was taken from the longissimus, weighed, placed in a polyethylene bag, and incubated in water at 70 C for 1 h. The bag was then immersed in flowing water at room temperature for 30 min, and the solid portion in it was reweighed. Cooking loss was obtained as the difference between the weight of the sample before and after the treatment. After measuring cooking loss, the cooked sample was divided into two masses. One mass was formed into a 10 mm 10 mm 5 mm piece and pressed at 35 kg/ cm 2 for 1 min to assess its juiciness. The other mass was formed into 1.2-mm-diameter rolls in the direction of the muscle fiber, for use in Warner-Bratzler shear force measurements. Hematin content was determined by acidified acetone extraction (Hornsey et al., 1956). A minced meat sample, weighed in 2-g increments, was placed in 50-mL centrifuge tube. To each tube, 8.6 ml of acid-acetone mixture was added (8.4 ml of acetone and 0.2 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid). Each sample was homogenized for 40 s in a blender (Physcotron NS-51K, Microtec, Chiba, Japan). After the extract was centrifuged at 1,700 g for 15 min, the supernatant fluid was filtered and the absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer (U-2000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) at 512 nm against a reagent blank. Hematin content (fresh tissue basis) was calculated as follows: hematin (mg/ 100 g) = absorbance (512 nm) For the measurement of connective tissue, a meat sample was dried and defatted in a 2:1 solution of chloroform-methanol mixture. The dried and defatted matter (DDM) was used to analyze the i.m. connective tissue components. The amounts of total collagen (T collagen) and heat-soluble collagen (HS collagen) (DM basis) were determined using the procedure of Bergman and Loxley (1963). The ratio of HS collagen was defined as the amount of HS collagen divided by that of T collagen. The percentage of intramuscular fat (IMF) in the LM (fresh-tissue basis) was determined using the Soxhlet apparatus. After being chopped up, samples of the longissimus were dried by heating to 100 C for 24 h in a drying oven, and water content was calculated from sample weight before and after drying. Pork color standard (PCS; Nakai et al., 1975) was assessed visually on a six-point scale (1 = pale; 6 = dark). Total sugar
3 310 Nii et al. Table 1. Statistics on traits of the F 2 generation Effect b Trait No. a Mean SD Sex Parity Number of type I fibers, % c ns ++ Number of type IIA fibers, % c ns ++ Number of type IIB fibers, % c ns ++ RA of type I fibers, % d ns + RA of type IIA fibers, % d ns ++ RA of type IIB fibers, % d ns ++ Minolta L* Minolta a* ns ++ Minolta b* PCS e Hematin, mg/100 g f ph at 24 h WHC1, % g WHC2, % h Spreadability, % ns ++ Cooking loss, % Juiciness, % Shear force value, kg ns ++ Total sugar, g/100 g f ns ++ Water, % Intramuscular fat, % f ns T Collagen, mg/g i ns ++ HS Collagen, mg/g j ns ++ HS/T Collagen, % k ns ++ a The number of individuals with record and genotype. The F2 animals were slaughtered at and average age of d (SD = 9.0) and scored on each trait. b Significance levels: ++ = P < 0.01; + = P < 0.05; ns = not significant. c Proportion of the number of skeletal muscle fiber types. d Proportion of the relative area of skeletal muscle fiber types. e PCS = pork color standard assessed on a six-point scale (1 = pale, 6 = dark). f Fresh-tissue basis. g Water-holding capacity1 = press method. h Water-holding capacity2 = centrifugation method. i Total collagen. j Heat-soluble collagen. k (Heat-soluble collagen/total collagen) 100. (fresh-tissue basis) was determined using the anthrone reagent as described by Seifert et al. (1950). Muscle Fiber Traits. Within 24 h after slaughter, three samples of the LM were taken, covering almost the complete cross section of the muscle, at the level of the 7th and 8th ribs. The samples were frozen in isopentane cooled with liquid N and were stored at 80 C until analysis. Transverse serial sections (8 m thick) were cut at 20 C with a cryostat microtome (CM1850; Leica, Solms, Germany) and stained using the myosin adenosine triphosphatase method (Brooke and Kaiser, 1970), with an alkaline preincubation buffer (ph 10.55). The muscle fibers were identified as type I, IIA, or IIB according to the method of Brooke and Kaiser (1970). The proportion of the number of each fiber type was obtained by counting at least 800 fibers per LM. The proportion of the relative area (RA) was scored with (number in each type average cross-sectional area of each type)/ (total cross-sectional area) 100%. Genotyped Markers and Linkage Map We selected 224 informative microsatellite markers from the USDA-Meat Animal Research Center (USDA- MARC) linkage map (Rohrer et al., 1996). We also used a DNA marker, PRKAG3I, developed in the intron of PRKAG3 (AF214520), which is polymorphic in its number of cytosine repeats. The forward sequence of its PCR primer pair was 5 -AGGAGCACACCTGCTACGAT-3, and the reverse was 5 -AGTTGCAGAGCTGGGAT- GAC-3. The 225 markers were genotyped with the four parents, 10 F 1, and 353 F 2 pigs. A sex-averaged linkage map was constructed for the resource family by using CRI-MAP (Green et al., 1990) for the 18 autosomes and the sex chromosome. QTL Analysis A QTL analysis for each trait was performed using the method developed by Haley et al. (1994). The analysis assumed that the grandparental breeds were fixed for alternative alleles at a given QTL. The statistical model was based on a linear regression of phenotypes on probabilities of QTL genotypes at a given location and expressed as y = Xb + Ug + e
4 QTL mapping for meat quality in pigs 311 where y is a vector of phenotypic observations of a trait for all F 2 individuals; b is a vector of nongenetic fixed effects; g is a vector of additive effect, a, and dominance effect, d, at a QTL (i.e., g =(a, d) ); X and U are incidence matrices relating y to fixed effects b and genetic effects g, respectively; and e contains residuals. The ith row of U is obtained by the probability of QTL genotype for the ith F 2 individual and is written as (prob(qq) prob(qq), prob(qq)), where prob(xx) is the probability of an individual being genotype XX, and Q and q indicate alleles inherited from a wild boar sire and Large White dams, respectively. As nongenetic fixed effects, general mean, sex, and parity were taken into account in the analysis of each trait. The least squares method was applied to detect QTL. We calculated F-ratios from residual sums of squares under the null model assuming no QTL (g = (0,0) ), and under the full model, including parameters for QTL effects, for every 1 cm on our linkage map as well as the information content described by Knott et al. (1998). The analysis of sex chromosome was performed following method of Knott et al. (1998). The pseudoautosomal section of the sex chromosome was analyzed using the model described above. Denoting the QTL genotypes on the sex-specific section of a wild boar sire and Large White dams as QY and qq, respectively, where Y indicates the Y-chromosome, the possible QTL genotypes are QY and qy for F 2 males and QQ and Qq for F 2 females. Thus, one effect corresponding to the difference between the two possible genotypes of QTL, instead of additive and dominance effects, was fitted separately for each sex in the analyses of the sex-specific section on the sex chromosome. Genomewise significant thresholds were obtained with 5,000 repetitions of the permutation test for each trait (Table 2). Results In the linkage map constructed, the average marker interval was 9.7 cm, and the total length was 2,177.3 cm. The order of the markers was almost the same as in the USDA-MARC linkage map (Rohrer et al., 1996). However, our linkage map showed a different marker order from that of the USDA-MARC linkage map at three places: SW1311 and SW974 on SSC1 (107 cm); SW776 and S0091 on SSC2 (63 cm); and from KS158 to SW2608 on SSC15 (from 51 to 82 cm). More importantly, we could not locate a marker for the SSC5p region due to a lack of polymorphic markers in the region, where SW70 was the end marker of SSC5p in our map (0 cm), but SW70 was located at 72 cm on the USDA map. Statistics on traits were listed in Table 1. Effects of the parity were significant for all the traits, except for IMF, whereas effects of the sex were detected in meat color, hematin content, ph, WHC, cooking loss, juiciness, water content, and IMF. The results of QTL mapping are summarized in Table 2. We analyzed the characteristics of 24 traits and identified 24 QTL for 11 traits at the 5% genome-wise significance level. Of the 24 QTL, 13 loci for eight traits were significant at the 1% genome-wise level. The significant QTL are shown in Figure 1a through h. Most of the detected QTL were new findings and are being reported for the first time. No significant QTL were detected for Minolta L* value, pork color standard score, cooking loss, WHC1, WHC2, spreadability, shear force value, juiciness, total sugar, water content, T collagen, HS collagen, or ratio of HS collagen to T collagen. The QTL for number of type I muscle fibers were mapped at approximately 97.4 cm on SSC1, 37.7 cm on SSC14, and 94.1 cm on SSCX (Table 2; Figure 1a, f, and h). Wild boar alleles of the QTL on SSC14 had positive effects, increasing number of type I muscle fibers, and the others had negative effects. Three QTL for the number of type IIA muscle fibers were located at 59.1 and cm on SSC2 and at 5.0 cm on SSC14 (Table 2; Figure 1b and f), in which wild boar alleles had positive effects. With a negative correlation between the proportions of muscle fibers of different types, we detected QTL for number of type IIB muscle fibers at the two regions on SSC14 of QTL for number of type I and IIA muscle fibers (Table 2; Figure 1f). A QTL for the number of type IIB muscle fibers was also detected at cm on SSC2 (Table 2; Figure 1b), and wild boar alleles had the effect of decreasing the number of type IIB muscle fibers. Relative area and the number of each type of muscle fiber were closely related to each other, so the QTL for RA of type I muscle fibers was detected on SSCX (93.1 cm; Figure 1h), that of type IIA was on SSC2 (61.1 cm; Figure 1b), and those of type IIB were on SSC14 (4.0 and 32.0 cm; Figure 1f). Also, in the SSC6pter region, QTL were detected for RA of types IIA (17.7 cm) and IIB (14.5 cm) muscle fibers (Figure 1e), in which wild boar alleles had positive and negative effects, respectively, regardless of the number of fibers. The fraction of phenotypic variances explained by these QTL for muscle fiber traits ranged from 0.04 to The QTL for type IIA muscle fibers detected at 59.1 cm on SSC2 acted dominantly, whereas the other QTL were almost additive. In the SSC6pter region, QTL for the Minolta a* value (redness; 18.7 cm) and for hematin content (20.9 cm) were also detected. The fractions of phenotypic variance explained by this QTL for Minolta a* and hematin content were both 0.09, which were the largest in this study. Another QTL for the Minolta a* value was also detected at cm on SSC4 (Figure 1d). For the Minolta b* value (yellow), QTL were detected at 68.4 and cm on SSC3 and at 52.4 cm on SSC15 (Figure 1c, g). For IMF and ph, QTL were detected in the same region on SSC15. The effects of wild boar alleles of QTL on SSC15 decreased the fat amount and the Minolta b* value, while slightly raising the ph of the samples. Discussion So far, a limited number of studies have attempted to map QTL for meat quality traits. Successful detection
5 312 Nii et al. Table 2. Results of QTL analysis in a Japanese wild boar Large White intercross Genome-wise a Map position Additive Dominance Variance Trait 5% 1% Chromosome cm F-ratio b effect c effect d explained Number of type I fibers, % e X RA of type I fibers, % f X Number of type IIA fibers, % e RA of type IIA fibers, % f Number of type IIB fibers, % e RA of type IIB fibers, % f Minolta a* Minolta b* Hematin, mg/100 g g ph at 24 h Intramuscular fat, % g a Genome-wise F-statistic thresholds at the 1 and 5% levels determined by permutation test. b ++and+=1and5%genome-wise significance levels, respectively. c,d Effects of wild boar alleles compared with Large White alleles. means not done. e Proportion of the number of skeletal muscle fiber types. f Proportion of the relative area of skeletal muscle fiber types. g Fresh-tissue basis. studies of significant QTL for some meat quality traits were reported in large populations. Malek et al. (2001) reported QTL for marbling, meat color, ph, and glycogen potential. Ovilo et al. (2002) reported QTL for IMF, ph, hematin content, and meat color. Sato et al. (2003) reported QTL for moisture and IMF. Quintanilla et al. (2003) reported QTL for fat androstenone level. Few studies have detected significant QTL related to waterholding capacity and cooking loss, which are arguably the most important objective measures of meat quality. One reason why it is difficult to identify the QTL related to these traits is the complexity of their regulation, as they are influenced by polygenic factors, as well as environmental factors both before and after slaughter. Meats are composite constructions of fat and skeletal muscle, so the properties of skeletal muscle are some of the key determinants of meat quality. According to the amounts of three types of muscle fiber, types I, IIA, and IIB, the properties of skeletal muscle were determined, and their proportions were found to be largely affected by genetic factors (Larzul et al., 1997). The three types of muscle fiber differ phenotypically in expressed subsets of myofibrillar isoforms with different adenosine triphosphatase activities as well as different metabolic enzyme activities. The myosin heavychain isoforms are coded by separate genes, some of which are preferentially expressed in myofibrils of fast muscle fibers (white; type IIB) or in slow ones (red; types I and IIA; Goldspink, 1996). Larger fiber diameter and a higher proportion of white muscle fibers (type IIB) lead to increased R-values (degree of deamination of adenosine) and lactate production, resulting in poor meat quality (Reiner et al., 2002). To improve meat quality, it is preferable to increase the proportions of types I and IIA muscle fibers and to decrease that of type IIB. In this study, QTL affecting muscle fiber composition were mapped in seven genomic regions. In a QTL at approximately 35 cm on SSC14, wild boar alleles were suggested to increase type I and decrease type IIB muscle fibers. In QTL on the SSC14pter region, at approximately 105 cm on SSC2 and at approximately 20 cm on SSC6, wild boar alleles were suggested to decrease type IIB muscle fibers. In QTL at approximately 60 cm on SSC2, wild boar alleles increased type IIA muscle fibers. In these five QTL, wild boar alleles had favorable effects, increasing the red muscle fibers, types I and IIA. In the other two QTL mapped on SSC1 and SSCX, the effects of wild boar alleles decreased type I muscle fibers.
6 QTL mapping for meat quality in pigs 313 Figure 1. Plots of the F-ratio from least squares interval mapping analysis (Haley et al., 1994). The x-axis indicates the relative position in the linkage maps of swine chromosomes (SSC). The y-axis represents the value of F-ratio. Closed triangles on the x-axis indicate the positions of microsatellite markers, and an open triangle on SSC15 indicates the position of PRKAG3I. Horizontal lines indicate threshold values for genome-wise 5% level (dashed line) and genome-wise 1% level (solid line). Traits are numbers and relative areas (RA) of muscle fiber types, meat color (Minolta a* and b*), hematin content, intramuscular fat percent (IMF), and ph at 24 h.
7 314 In mammals, the calcineurin signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating skeletal muscle fiber type switching (Olson and Williams, 2000; Parsons et al., 2003). Transcriptional factors of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family are major targets of calcineurin and affect the expression level of slow and fast myosin heavy chain (McCullagh et al., 2004). Among the genes involved in the calcineurin signaling pathway, two of calcineurin s subunits and one of the modulators of NFAT were located in regions of human chromosomes that correspond to those of swine chromosomes on which the QTL described above were mapped. Thus, PPP3CC (protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit γ isoform, calcineurin A gamma) was located on HSA8p21.3, PPP3CB (protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit β isoform, calcineurin A beta) was located on HSA10q21, and NFAM1 (NFAT activation molecule 1) was located on HSA22q13. These three human genomic regions correspond to regions on SSC14. We selected these three genes as candidates, of which assignments to the swine genome are in progress now. Around the two regions of SSC14, to which we mapped the QTL for muscle fiber composition, de Koning et al. (2001) had mapped the QTL for cooking loss (1 cm) and redness of meats (35 cm), and Rohrer and Keele (1998) had mapped the QTL (40 cm) for fatness. Karlsson et al. (1993) and Brocks et al. (1998) reported that muscle fiber composition was related to leanness, but we could not detect any QTL for growth or fat deposition traits in these regions (data not shown). The region of QTL for the Minolta a* value on SSC6 overlapped those for RA of types IIA and IIB muscle fibers and that for hematin pigment content. This result suggested that increased type IIA and decreased type IIB muscle fibers increased meat redness. In addition to the QTL on SSC6, we also mapped QTL for meat color on SSC3, 4, and 15. Among them, the QTL on SSC3 and 4 were similar to parts of those in reports by de Koning et al. (2001; SSC3, 4, and 13 for meat color), by Ovilo at al. (2002; SSC4, 7, and 8 for meat color and SSC4 and 7 for hematin content), and by Sato et al. (2003; SSC3 for meat color). Furthermore, Malek et al. (2001) reported QTL for meat color on SSC5 and 17. The QTL for the Minolta b* value on SSC15 overlapped with that for ph. In dark cutting meats (dark, firm, and dry), lower glycolytic potential was reported and it raised the ph of meats (Wulf et al., 2002). In QTL on SSC15, wild boar alleles would raise the ph and decrease the yellowness of the meat. We proposed AMP-activated protein kinase gamma subunit (PRKAG3) gene, which affected glycogen metabolism in vivo and was reported to affect meat quality (Milan et al., 2000) as a candidate for this QTL. By a linkage analysis using an intron polymorphism, PRKAG3 was located 20 cm apart from the peak of QTL (Figure 1g). The QTL for the Minolta b* value on SSC15 also overlapped with that for IMF. Thus, it is possible that wild boar alleles affect meat color by decreasing fat content. Nii et al. Implications We comprehensively analyzed the quantitative trait loci in a number of meat traits of a cross population of wild boar Large White pig. This analysis, which included both histochemical and conventional assessments, produced novel findings, including that on the relationship between the number of quantitative trait loci and the nature of muscle fibers. In quantitative trait loci on Sus scrofa chromosome 2, 6, and 14 for muscle fiber composition, wild boar alleles had favorable effects on meat quality, so these alleles are expected to be used in breeding programs such as marker assisted introgression. Literature Cited Andersson, L., C. S. Haley, H. Ellegren, S. A. Knott, M. Johansson, K. Andersson, L. Andersson-Eklund, I. Edfors-Lilja, M. Fredholm, I. Hansson, J. Hakansson, and K. Lundström Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for growth and fatness in pigs. Science 263: Andersson-Eklund L., L. Marklund, K. Lundstrom, C. S. Haley, K. Andersson, I. Hansson, M. Moller, and L Andersson Mapping quantitative trait loci for carcass and meat traits in a Wild boar Large White intercross. J. Anim. Sci. 76: Bergman, I., and R. Loxley Two improved and simplified methods for the spectrophotometric determination of hydroxyproline. Anal. Chem. 35: Brocks, L., B. Hulsegge, and G. Merkus Histochemical characteristics in relation to meat quality properties in the longissimus lumborum of fast and lean growing lines of Large White pigs. Meat Sci. 50: Brooke, M. H., and K. K. Kaiser Muscle fiber types. How many and what kind? Arch. Neurol. 23:369. de Koning, D. J., B. Harlizius, A. P. Rattink, M. A. M. Groenen, E. W. Brascamp, J. A. van Arendonk Detection and characterization of quantitative trait loci for meat quality traits in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79: Essén-Gustavsson, B. and A. Lindholm Fiber types and metabolic characteristics in muscles of wild boars, normal and halothane sensitive Swedish Landrace pigs. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 78A: Green, P., K. Falls, and S. Crooks Documentation for CRIMAP, Version 2.4. Washington Univ. School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Goldspink, G Muscle growth and muscle function: a molecular biological perspective. Res. Vet. Sci. 60: Haley, C. S., S. A. Knott, and J. M. Elsen Mapping quantitative trait loci in crosses between outbred lines using least squares. Genetics 136: Hornsey, H.C., The colour of cooked cured pork. 1. Estimation of the nitric oxide-haem pigments. J. Sci. Food Agric. 7: Irie, M., and H. J. Swatland Relationships between Japanese pork color standards and optical properties of pork before and after frozen storage. Food Res. 25: Karlsson, A., A.-C. Enfält, B. Essén-Gustavssont, K. Lundstrom, L. Rydhmer, and S. Stern Muscle histochemical and biochemical properties in relation to meat quality during selection for increased lean tissue growth rate in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 71: Knott, S., A., L Marklund, C. S. Haley, K. Andersson, W. Davies, H. Ellegren, M. Fredholm, I. Hansson, B. Hoyheim, K. Lundström, M. Moller, and L. Andersson Multiple marker mapping of quantitative trait loci in a cross between outbred wild boar and large white pigs. Genetics 149: Larzul, C., L. Lefaucheur, P. Ecolan, J. Gogue, A. Talmant, P. Sellier, P. Le Roy, and G.. Monin Phenotypic and genetic parame-
8 QTL mapping for meat quality in pigs 315 ters for longissimus muscle fiber characteristics in relation to Growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in Large White pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 75: Malek, M., J. C. M. Dekkers, H. K. Lee, T. J. Baas, K. Prusa, E. Huff- Lonergan, and M. F. Rothschild A molecular genome scan analysis to identify chromosomal regions influencing economic traits in the pig. II. Meat and muscle composition. Mamm. Genome 12: McCullagh, K. A., E. Calabria, G. Pallafacchina, S. Ciciliot, A. L. Serrano, C. Argentini, J. M. Kalhovde, T. Lømo, and S. Schiaffino NFAT is nerve activity sensor in skeletal muscle and controls activity-dependent myosin switching. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: Milan, D., J. Jeon, C. Looft, V. Amarger, A. Robic, M. Thelander, G. C. Rogel, S. Paul, N. Iannuccelli, L. Rask, H. Ronne, K. Lundstrom, N. Reinsch, J. Gellin, E. Kalm, P. Le Roy, P. Chardon, and L. Andersson A mutation in PRKAG3 associated with excess glycogen content in pig skeletal muscle. Science 288: Murakami T., E. Yamamoto, and H. Yamato Characterization of meat quality and sensory evaluation in meat of Large Yorkshire Wild Boar intercross. Bull. Fukuoka Agric. Res. Center 20:89 92 [in Japanese]. Nakai, H., F. Saito, T. Ikeda, S. Ando, and A. Komatsu Standard models of pork-colour. Bull. Natl. Inst. Anim. Ind. 29:69 74 [in Japanese]. Okumura, N., Y. Kurosawa, E. Kobayashi, T. Watanobe, N. Ishiguro, H. Yasue, and T. Mitsuhashi, Genetic relationship amongst the major non-coding regions of mitochondrial DNAs in wild boars and several breeds of domesticated pigs. Anim. Genet. 32: Olson, E. N., and R. S. Williams Remodeling muscles with calcineurin. Bioessays 22: Ovilo, C., A. Clop, J. L. Noguera, M. A. Oliver, C. Barragán, C. Rodríguez, L. Silió, M. A. Toro, A. Coll, J. M.. Folch, A. Sánchez, D. Babot, L. Varona, and M. Pérez-Enciso Quantitative trait locus mapping for meat quality traits in an Iberian Landrace F2 pig population. J. Anim. Sci. 80: Parsons, S. A., B. J. Wilkins, O. F. Bueno, and J. D. Molkentin Altered skeletal muscle phenotypes in calcineurin Aα and Aβ gene-targeted mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23: Quintanilla, R., O. Demeure, J. P. Bidanel, D. Milan, N. Iannuccelli, Y. Amigues, J. Gruand, C. Renard, C. Chevalet, and M. Bonneau Detection of quantitative trait loci for fat androstenone levels in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 81: Reiner, G., L. Heinricy, E. Müller, H. Geldermann, and V. Dzapo Identifications of associations of the porcine FOS protooncogene with skeletal muscle fibre traits. Anim. Genet. 33: Rohrer, G. A., L. J. Alexander, Z. Hu, T. P. L. Smith, J. W. Keele, and C. W. Beattie A comprehensive map of the porcine genome. Genome Res. 6: Rohrer, G. A., and J. W. Keele Identification of QTL affecting carcass composition in swine: I. Fat deposition traits. J. Anim. Sci. 76: Sato, S., Y. Oyamada, K. Atsuji, T. Nade, Shin-ichi Sato, E. Kobayashi, T. Mitsuhashi, K. Nirasawa, A. Komatsuda, Y. Saito, S. Terai, T. Hayashi, and Y. Sugimoto Quantitative trait loci analysis for growth and carcass traits in a Meishan Duroc F2 resource population. J. Anim. Sci. 81: Seifert, S., S. Dayton, B. Novic, and E. Muntwyler The estimation of glycogen with the anthrone reagent. Arch. Biochem. 25:191. Solomon, M. B., and R. L. West Profile of fiber types in muscle from wild pigs native to the United States. Meat Sci. 13: Wierbichki, E., and F. E. Deatherage Determination of WHC of fresh meats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 6: Wulf, D. M., R. S. Emnett, J. M. Leheska, and S. J. Moeller Relationships among glycolytic potential, dark cutting (dark, firm, and dry) beef, and cooked beef palatability. J. Anim. Sci. 80:
Joint analysis of two breed cross populations in pigs to improve detection and characterization of quantitative trait loci
Animal Science Publications Animal Science 2005 Joint analysis of two breed cross populations in pigs to improve detection and characterization of quantitative trait loci J. J. Kim Iowa State University
More informationA molecular genome scan analysis to identify chromosomal regions influencing economic traits in the pig. I. Growth and body composition.
1 A molecular genome scan analysis to identify chromosomal regions influencing economic traits in the pig. I. Growth and body composition. Massoud Malek 1, Jack C.M. Dekkers 1, Hakkyo K. Lee 2, Thomas
More informationDetection of quantitative trait loci for carcass composition traits in pigs
Genet. Sel. Evol. 34 (2002) 705 728 705 INRA, EDP Sciences, 2002 DOI: 10.1051/gse:2002026 Original article Detection of quantitative trait loci for carcass composition traits in pigs Denis MILAN a, Jean-Pierre
More informationDetection of imprinted QTL in the Berkshire x Yorkshire cross
Detection of imprinted in the Berkshire x Yorkshire cross Jack Dekkers, Hauke Thomsen, Hakkyo Lee 1, Massoud Malek, and Max Rothschild Department of Animal Science and Center for Integrated Animal Genomics
More informationEffect of the Halothane and Rendement Napole Genes on Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics of Pigs.
Effect of the Halothane and Rendement Napole Genes on Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics of Pigs. Daniel N. Hamilton, Mike Ellis, K. Douglas Miller, Floyd K. McKeith, and Douglas F. Parrett Department
More informationQuantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Fatty Acid Contents in the Backfat on Porcine Chromosomes 1, 13, and 18
Mol. Cells, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 62-67 Molecules and Cells KSMCB 2003 Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Fatty Acid Contents in the Backfat on Porcine Chromosomes 1, 13, and 18 Chaeyoung Lee*, Yeonseung
More informationCharacterization of quantitative trait loci for growth and meat quality in a cross between commercial breeds of swine
Animal Science Publications Animal Science 2004 Characterization of quantitative trait loci for growth and meat quality in a cross between commercial breeds of swine H. K. Thomsen Iowa State University
More informationGenetics of pork quality. D. W. Newcom, T. J. Baas, and K. J. Stalder. Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
Genetics of pork quality D. W. Newcom, T. J. Baas, and K. J. Stalder Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA Introduction Fresh pork quality has become important and has received more
More informationA whole-genome scan for quantitative trait loci affecting teat number in pigs 1
A whole-genome scan for quantitative trait loci affecting teat number in pigs 1 H. Hirooka*, D. J. de Koning, B. Harlizius, J. A. M. van Arendonk, A. P. Rattink, M. A. M. Groenen, E. W. Brascamp, and H.
More informationH. Thomsen, H. K. Lee, M. F. Rothschild, M. Malek and J. C. M. Dekkers
Characterization of quantitative trait loci for growth and meat quality in a cross between commercial breeds of swine H. Thomsen, H. K. Lee, M. F. Rothschild, M. Malek and J. C. M. Dekkers J Anim Sci 2004.
More informationPossible Muscle Fiber Characteristics in the Selection for Improvement in Porcine Lean Meat Production and Quality
1529 Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 21, No. 10 : 1529-1534 October 2008 www.ajas.info Possible Muscle Fiber Characteristics in the Selection for Improvement in Porcine Lean Meat Production and Quality
More informationNew Evidence of Alleles (V199I and G52S) at the PRKAG3 (RN) Locus Affecting Pork Meat Quality
471 Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 21, No. 4 : 471-477 April 2008 www.ajas.info New Evidence of Alleles (V199I and G52S) at the PRKAG3 (RN) Locus Affecting Pork Meat Quality J. F. Chen 1, 2, L. H. Dai
More informationEstimation of Correlation Coefficients between Histological Parameters and Carcass Traits of Pig Longissimus Dorsi Muscle
428 Estimation of Correlation Coefficients between Histological Parameters and Carcass Traits of Pig Longissimus Dorsi Muscle Y. C. Ryu, M. S. Rhee and B. C. Kim* Division of Food Science, College of Life
More informationInstrumental color measurement specifications and factors affecting measurement consistency in pork. NPB #
Title: Instrumental color measurement specifications and factors affecting measurement consistency in pork. NPB #97-1881 Invetigator: Institution: M.Susan Brewer University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign,
More informationGenetic Analyses of Carcass Characteristics in Crossbred Pigs: Cross between Landrace Sows and Korean Wild Boars
1080 Genetic Analyses of Carcass Characteristics in Crossbred Pigs: Cross between Landrace Sows and Korean Wild Boars Y. H. Choy 4, G. J. Jeon 1. T. H. Kim 2, B. H. Choi 2, I. C. Cheong 2, H. K. Lee 1,
More informationThe relationship between muscle fiber characteristics, postmortem metabolic rate, and meat quality of pig longissimus dorsi muscle
Meat Science 71 (2005) 351 357 MEAT SCIENCE www.elsevier.com/locate/meatsci The relationship between muscle fiber characteristics, postmortem metabolic rate, and meat quality of pig longissimus dorsi muscle
More informationThe effect of feeding ractopamine (Paylean) on muscle quality and sensory characteristics in three diverse genetic lines of swine 1,2
The effect of feeding ractopamine (Paylean) on muscle quality and sensory characteristics in three diverse genetic lines of swine 1,2 G. M. Stoller*, H. N. Zerby*, S. J. Moeller* 3, T. J. Baas, C. Johnson,
More informationProspects for the genetic improvement of meat and eating quality where do we go from here?
Prospects for the genetic improvement of meat and eating quality where do we go from here? Rex Walters UPB Genetic World Introduction Reputable pig breeding programmes have been very successful in reducing
More informationINFLUENCE OF REARING SPACE ON THE CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY OF PIGS
INFLUENCE OF REARING SPACE ON THE CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY OF PIGS Viktoras Liorancas, E-mail.: viktoras@lva.lt, Bronius Bakutis, E-mail.: zoohig@lva.lt, Gražina Januskevicienė, E-mail.: grazinaj@lva.lt
More informationPotential for a Genetic Solution for Boar Taint in Canadian Pigs
Potential for a Genetic Solution for Boar Taint in Canadian Pigs M. Jafarikia 1, J. Squires 2, F. Schenkel 2, F. Fortin 3 S. Wyss 1, W. Van Berkel 4, B. Sullivan 1, T. Oke 5 1 Canadian Centre for Swine
More informationM. Jafarikia 1,2, L. Maignel 1, F. Fortin 3, S. Wyss 1, W. Van Berkel 4, D. Cohoe 5, F. Schenkel 2, J. Squires 2, B. Sullivan 1
M. Jafarikia 1,2, L. Maignel 1, F. Fortin 3, S. Wyss 1, W. Van Berkel 4, D. Cohoe 5, F. Schenkel 2, J. Squires 2, B. Sullivan 1 1 Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement (CCSI) 2 Centre for Genetic Improvement
More informationPerformance and Body Composition of Gilts from Differing Genetic Lines as Affected by Nutritional Program
Performance and Body Composition of Gilts from Differing Genetic Lines as Affected by Nutritional Program K.D. Ragland, research assistant; L.L. Christian, professor; and T.J. Baas, assistant professor;
More informationBody Composition and Sensory Characteristics of Pork from CLA-Fed Pigs
Body Composition and Sensory Characteristics of Pork from CLA-Fed Pigs R.L. Thiel-Cooper, graduate research assistant, F.C. Parrish, Jr., professor, Animal Science and Food Science and Human Nutrition,
More informationThe effect of linseed expeller supplementation on growth, carcass traits and meat colour of finishing gilts
The effect of linseed expeller supplementation on growth, carcass traits and meat colour of finishing gilts E.García-Hernandez, M.Tor, D.Villalba, J. Álvarez-Rodríguez. Department of Animal Science INTRODUCTION
More informationIntramuscular fat content has little influence on the eating quality of fresh pork loin chops 1
Published December 5, 2014 Intramuscular fat content has little influence on the eating quality of fresh pork loin chops 1 P. J. Rincker,* J. Killefer,* M. Ellis,* M. S. Brewer, and F. K. McKeith* 2 *Department
More informationIMPLANT EFFECTS ON CARCASS COMPOSITION AND MEAT QUALITY AS AFFECTED BY DIET
IMPLANT EFFECTS ON CARCASS COMPOSITION AND MEAT QUALITY AS AFFECTED BY DIET P. L. McEwen 1 and I.B. Mandell 2 1 Department of Animal & Poultry Science, Ridgetown College - University of Guelph 2 Department
More informationGrowth and Characterization of Individual Backfat Layers and Their Relationship to Pork Carcass Quality
Introduction Growth and Characterization of Individual Layers and Their Relationship to Pork Carcass Quality J.M. Eggert, A.P. Schinckel, S.E. Mills, J.C. Forrest, D.E. Gerrard, E.J. Farrand, B.C. Bowker,
More informationGenetic linkage mapping of quantitative trait loci for behavioral and neuroendocrine stress response traits in pigs 1
Genetic linkage mapping of quantitative trait loci for behavioral and neuroendocrine stress response traits in pigs 1 C. Désautés*, J. P. Bidanel, D. Milan, N. Iannuccelli, Y. Amigues, F. Bourgeois, J.
More informationGENETICS OF MEAT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS - AUSTRALIAN WORK
GENETICS OF MEAT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS - AUSTRALIAN WORK Susanne Hermesch Introduction Genetic improvement of animals is a long term process and breeding programmes need to consider aspects that are
More information(Key Words: Implants, Holstein, Tenderness, Yields, Beef.)
EFFECTS OF AGE-CLASS AND IMPLANT PROTOCOL ON HOLSTEIN STEER CARCASS DESIRABILITY B. A. Gardner 1, T.L. Gardner 1, H. G. Dolezal 2, K. K. Novotny 3, M. Moldenhauer 4, and D. M. Allen 5 Story In Brief Ten
More informationEffect of the PLAG1 gene polymorphism on oleic acid percentage in Japanese Black cattle populations
Effect of the PLAG1 gene polymorphism on oleic acid percentage in Japanese Black cattle populations H. Kigoshi 1, F. Kawaguchi 1, R. Yasuzumi 1, K. Oyama 2, H. Mannen 1, S. Sasazaki 1 1 Laboratory of Animal
More informationDevelopmental differences in carcass, meat quality and muscle fibre characteristics between the Landrace and a Chinese native pig
South African Journal of Animal Science 2009, 39 () 267 Developmental differences in carcass, meat quality and muscle fibre characteristics between the Landrace and a Chinese native pig Fawen Dai, Dingyuan
More informationEFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN D 3 ON MEAT TENDERNESS 1
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN D 3 ON MEAT TENDERNESS 1 S. S. Swanek 2, J.B. Morgan 3, F.N. Owens 5, H.G. Dolezal 4, and D.R. Gill 5 Story In Brief Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN D 3 AND BEEF TENDERNESS
SUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN D 3 AND BEEF TENDERNESS 1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: Story in Brief Pages 59-66 S.S. Swanek, N.A. Elam, J.B. Morgan, F.N. Owens, D.R. Gill, C.A. Strasia, H.G. Dolezal
More informationThe Effect on Pig s Growth and Meat Quality from PRIMOS 25, an Applied Microbial Mixed Feed
Anrisa Limited The Effect on Pig s Growth and Meat Quality from PRIMOS 25, an Applied Microbial Mixed Feed English Version, Based on Original Japanese Test Report No 58951 issued by Kagawa Prefectural
More informationInfluence of Chinese breeds on pork quality of commercial pig lines
of commercial pig lines A.S.M. Cesar 1, A.C.P. Silveira 1, P.F.A. Freitas 1, E.C. Guimarães 1, D.F.A. Batista 1, L.C. Torido 1, F.V. Meirelles 2 and R.C. Antunes 1 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências
More informationKeywords: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, genome-wide association study, genetic parameters
Title: Investigator: Institution: The effects of PRRSV infection in commercial pigs on growth performance, energy and nutrient digestibility NPB #12-151 Nicholas Gabler Iowa State University Date Submitted:
More informationDr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science
Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota Pigs are what they eat Diet fatty acid (FA) composition affects FA profile in pork fat FA composition varies among adipose tissue
More informationApplication of Acid Solubilization Isoelectric Precipitation to Recover Protein from Low Value Red Meat
Application of Acid Solubilization Isoelectric Precipitation to Recover Protein from Low Value Red Meat J.M. James and C.A. Mireles DeWitt Story in Brief Three experiments were conducted to determine the
More informationAssociation of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Porcine MYC Gene with Economic Traits in Pigs
농업생명과학연구 48(2) pp.111-121 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 48(2) pp.111-121 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2014.48.2.111 Association of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism () in Porcine MYC Gene with
More informationThe Effect of the Time of Feeding Prior to Slaughter of Supplemental Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate on Pork Quality.
The Effect of the Time of Feeding rior to Slaughter of Supplemental Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate on ork Quality. Mike Hemann 1, Mike Ellis 1, Floyd McKeith 1, Doug Miller 1, and Ken urser 2 1 University
More informationEFFECTS OF INCREASING DIETARY DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES AND GLYCEROL ON PORK LOIN QUALITY 1,2
Swine Day 008 EFFECTS OF INCREASING DIETARY DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES AND GLYCEROL ON PORK LOIN QUALITY, A. N. Gipe, T. A. Houser, A. W. Duttlinger, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey,
More informationAn Overview of USMARC Swine Genomics Research
SW2535 SW973 SW2406 SW2525 S0297 S0 29 4 RYR1 GPI SW2557 SW2505 S0059 SW1647 SW2419 SW2415 S0 09 9 S0035 SW1329 SW1353 SW1841 SW1057 SW1038,SW1108,SWR2149 SW1302 S0087 SW1376 SWR1130 SWR1634 SW492 SW193
More informationPorcine intramuscular fat content and composition are regulated by quantitative trait loci with muscle-specific effects 1
Published December 4, 2014 Porcine intramuscular fat content and composition are regulated by quantitative trait loci with muscle-specific effects 1 R. Quintanilla,* 2 R. N. Pena,* 3 D. Gallardo, A. Cánovas,*
More informationCarcass Terminology. Goal (learning objective) Supplies. Pre-lesson preparation. Lesson directions and outline
4-H Animal Science Lesson Plan Quality Assurance Level 2 Carcass Terminology www.uidaho.edu/extension/4h Scott Nash, Regional Youth Development Educator Goal (learning objective) Youth will learn carcass
More informationEvaluation of the Ovine Callipyge Locus: III. Genotypic Effects on Meat Quality Traits
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science Animal Science Department 1999 Evaluation of the Ovine Callipyge Locus:
More informationThe Influence of Delayed Chilling on Beef Tenderness
The Influence of Delayed Chilling on Beef Tenderness P. A. Will, R. L. Henrickson, R. D. Morrison Story in Brief The removal of muscle and muscle systems before initial chilling of the bovine carcass has
More informationEffects of Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy on the Body Weight, Muscle Fiber Number, Carcass Traits, and Pork Quality Traits of Offspring*
965 Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 23, No. 7 : 965-971 July 2010 www.ajas.info Effects of Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy on the Body Weight, Muscle Fiber Number, Carcass Traits, and Pork Quality Traits
More informationConsumer Attitudes Towards Color and Marbling of Fresh Pork
Author: Dr. M. Susan Brewer, University of Illinois Reviewer: Dr. Melvin Hunt, Kansas State University National Pork Board P O R K Q U A L I T Y American Meat Science Association Consumer Attitudes Towards
More informationThe effect of sex and slaughter weight on intramuscular fat content and its relationship to carcass traits of pigs
Original Paper Czech J. Anim. Sci., 52, 2007 (5): 122 129 The effect of sex and slaughter weight on intramuscular fat content and its relationship to carcass traits of pigs I. Bahelka, E. Hanusová, D.
More informationTECHNIQUES TO EVALUATE MEAT COMPOSITION AND QUALITY
TECHNIQUES TO EVALUATE MEAT COMPOSITION AND QUALITY Dr. Ma. ÀNGELS OLIVER Finca Camps i Armet, s/n 17121 Monells (Girona) MEAT QUALITY CAN BE DEFINED WITH THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS: ph Co lo r Water Holding
More informationGenome-wide association analyses for loci controlling boar taint
Genome-wide association analyses for loci controlling boar taint Burak Karacaören, Dirk-Jan de Koning, Ingela Velander*, Chris Haley, Alan Archibald The Roslin Institute, R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh
More informationUse of IGF-1 as a selection criteria in pig breeding
Use of IGF-1 as a selection criteria in pig breeding B. G. Luxford 1, K. L Bunter 2, P. C. Owens 3, R. G. Campbell 1 Bunge Meat Industries, Corowa 1 ; University of New England, Armidale 2 ; University
More informationRole of Genomics in Selection of Beef Cattle for Healthfulness Characteristics
Role of Genomics in Selection of Beef Cattle for Healthfulness Characteristics Dorian Garrick dorian@iastate.edu Iowa State University & National Beef Cattle Evaluation Consortium Selection and Prediction
More informationInfluence of the season of the year on some technological. parameters and ultrastructure of PSE, normal and DFD chicken
Influence of the season of the year on some technological parameters and ultrastructure of PSE, normal and DFD chicken breast muscles Lesiow Tomasz*, Szmanko Tadeusz, Korzeniowska Ma gorzata, Bobak ukasz,
More informationEffect of breed and sex on growth, carcass and meat quality traits
Effect of breed and sex on growth, carcass and meat quality traits CCSI, January 2007 SUMMARY A total of 431 pigs from three different breeds (DU=Duroc, LA=Landrace, YO=Yorkshire) and three genders (F=females,
More informationEffect of g.2728g>a and g.3996t>c Polymorphisms at the Leptin Gene Locus on Microstructure and Physicochemical Properties of longissimus lumborum
PL-ISSN 0015-5497 (print), ISSN 1734-9168 (online) Folia biologica (Kraków), vol. 59 (2011), No 1-2 @ Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, PAS, Kraków, 2011 doi:10.3409/fb59_1-2.77-82 Effect
More informationThe Efficiency of Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci using Cofactor Analysis
The Efficiency of Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci using Cofactor G. Sahana 1, D.J. de Koning 2, B. Guldbrandtsen 1, P. Sorensen 1 and M.S. Lund 1 1 Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department
More informationCreatine Monohydrate and Glucose Supplementation to Slow- and Fast- Growing Chickens Changes the Postmortem ph in Pectoralis Major
Creatine Monohydrate and Glucose Supplementation to Slow- and Fast- Growing Chickens Changes the Postmortem ph in Pectoralis Major P. M. Nissen 1 and J. F. Young Department of Food Science, Danish Institute
More informationRelationships Among Glycolytic Potential, Dark Cutting (Dark, Firm, and Dry) Beef, and Cooked Beef Palatability
South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Animal Science Faculty Publications Department of Animal Science 7-2002 Relationships
More informationComparisons of different myosin heavy chain types, AMPK, and PGC-1α gene expression in the longissimus dorsi muscles in Bama Xiang and Landrace pigs
Comparisons of different myosin heavy chain types, AMPK, and PGC-1α gene expression in the longissimus dorsi muscles in Bama Xiang and Landrace pigs Y.N. Huang 1 *, Q.W. Ao 1,2 *, Q.Y. Jiang 1, Y.F. Guo
More informationEffect of dietary leucine levels on carcass composition, meat quality, and growth performance in finishing pigs 1
Effect of dietary leucine levels on carcass composition, meat quality, and growth performance in finishing pigs 1 Young Hyun, Mike Ellis, Glenn Bressner, and Dave Baker Department of Animal Sciences Introduction
More informationThe effect of nutrition on muscle ph decline and ultimate ph post mortem in sheep and cattle
33 The effect of nutrition on muscle ph decline and ultimate ph post mortem in sheep and cattle G.E. Gardner 1,2, B.L. Daly 1, J.M. Thompson 1 and D.W. Pethick 2 1 School of Rural Science and Agriculture,
More informationCorrelated responses in growth, carcass, and meat quality traits to divergent selection for testosterone production in pigs 1
Published December 8, 2014 Correlated responses in growth, carcass, and meat quality traits to divergent selection for testosterone production in pigs 1 J. M. Bender,* M. T. See,* D. J. Hanson, T. E. Lawrence,
More informationConsumer Preference for Pork Quality
U P D A T E S E S S I O N P O R K Q U A L I T Y Consumer Preference for Pork Quality DAVID J. MEISINGER* Pork Quality Audit Introduction The National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) conducted a Pork Quality
More informationEFFECTS OF BREED OF SIRE AND AGE-SEASON OF FEEDING ON MUSCLE TENDERNESS IN THE BEEF CHUCK
EFFECTS OF BREED OF SIRE AND AGE-SEASON OF FEEDING ON MUSCLE TENDERNESS IN THE BEEF CHUCK K L. Christensen, D. D. Johnson, D. D. Hargrove, R. L. West and T. T. Marshall SUMMARY Steers (n = 59) produced
More informationAssessment of growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs raised on the low plane of nutrition
Choi et al. Journal of Animal Science and Technology (2015) 57:37 DOI 10.1186/s40781-015-0070-4 RESEARCH Assessment of growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs raised on the low plane of nutrition
More informationMaternal line genetic influence on fresh pork quality and palatability. Thesis. Kathleen Elizabeth Shircliff. Major- Animal Sciences
Maternal line genetic influence on fresh pork quality and palatability Thesis Kathleen Elizabeth Shircliff Major- Animal Sciences Minor- Life Sciences The Ohio State University 2011 Research Advisors Dr.
More informationTechnology Of Meat, Poultry, Fish And Seafood
Paper No. : 08 Technology of Meat, Poultry, Fish and and Seafood Module : 06 Post Mortem muscle chemistry-1: Loss of homeostasis and post- mortem glycolysis Development Team Principal Investigator Prof.
More informationUnderstanding the effect of gender and age on the pattern of fat deposition in cattle.
Understanding the effect of gender and age on the pattern of fat deposition in cattle. A.K. Pugh 1 *, B. McIntyre 2, G. Tudor 3, & D.W. Pethick 1 1 Division of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch
More informationARTICLE. Introduction
Korean J. Food Sci. An. 37(5): 780~786 (2017) https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.5.780 pissn 1225-8563 eissn 2234-246X ARTICLE The Relationships between Muscle Fiber Characteristics, Intramuscular Fat
More informationP *.+* ,. +- / + Kjos,*** +33+ Tang,*** ,**. ,**,,**. : fax : *, ** mmitsuru a#rc.go.jp
a + + -/3+ + -002/01,/ +, /,0 - +1 0 P./ P.+ P./ P.+ 11 (-) :.3.+0,,0,. +- / + ph -./../,.,,,.,.,/ Kjos, ++2 +33+ Tang, 0 : a,/,2/+ : fax :,32-220 e-mail : mmitsurua#rc.go.jp 11 - :.3.+0,,0.3 +,2 +3./
More informationAssessment of Novel Sire Lines for Meat Quality Traits
Assessment of Novel Sire Lines for Meat Quality Traits Caroline E. Mitchell University of Bristol Division of Farm Animal Science Langford Bristol BS40 5DU UK Submitted 8 th September 2010 A dissertation
More informationEffect of muscle-fiber type on glycogenin-1 gene expression and its relationship with the glycolytic potential and ph of pork
Effect of muscle-fiber type on glycogenin-1 gene expression and its relationship with the glycolytic potential and ph of pork S.-H. Zhang 1, L. Zhu 1, Z.-H. Wu 1, Y. Zhang 2, G.-Q. Tang 1, Y.-Z. Jiang
More informationBreed Differences and Heterosis Effects for Carcass and Meat Palatability Traits in an Angus-Brahman Multibreed Cattle Population
Breed Differences and Heterosis Effects for Carcass and Meat Palatability Traits in an Angus-Brahman Multibreed Cattle Population M. A. Elzo, D. D. Johnson, J. G. Wasdin, and J. D. Driver 1 1 Department
More informationComplex Trait Genetics in Animal Models. Will Valdar Oxford University
Complex Trait Genetics in Animal Models Will Valdar Oxford University Mapping Genes for Quantitative Traits in Outbred Mice Will Valdar Oxford University What s so great about mice? Share ~99% of genes
More informationManipulating Pork Quality through Production and Pre-Slaughter Handling
Manipulating Pork Quality through Production and Pre-Slaughter Handling Nather Aziz Maple Leaf Pork, 2010 Winston Park Drive, Suite 200, Oakville, ON L6H 5R7 Email: azizna@ mapleleaf.ca Summary Pre-slaughter
More information2011 North Dakota State Meat CDE Written Test
2011 North Dakota State Meat CDE Written Test Do not write on this test, mark your answers on the Grade Master answer card. Make dark marks. Erase completely to change. 1. Which vitamin, important in the
More informationAdditives in meat products for good or for bad?
Additives in meat products for good or for bad? Professor Eva Tornberg, Lund University, Sweden Additives and enzymes in food: past, present and future from a global and consumer perspective, 28-30 August,
More informationName: PS#: Biol 3301 Midterm 1 Spring 2012
Name: PS#: Biol 3301 Midterm 1 Spring 2012 Multiple Choice. Circle the single best answer. (4 pts each) 1. Which of the following changes in the DNA sequence of a gene will produce a new allele? a) base
More informationReceived 5 April 2018; revised 31 July 2018; accepted 14 August 2018; published online 24 November 2018
Journal of Genetics, Vol. 97, No. 5, December 2018, pp. 1413 1420 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-018-1040-7 Indian Academy of Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE Quantitative trait loci that determine plasma insulin
More informationEFFECT OF GHEE RESIDUE INCLUSION ON SENSORY EVALUATION OF PORK OF LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRE PIGS
EFFECT OF GHEE RESIDUE INCLUSION ON SENSORY EVALUATION OF PORK OF LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRE PIGS Selvamani, J.*, Radhakrishnan, L., Bandeswaran, C., Murugan, M. and Gopi, H. * Scholar of Post Graduate Research
More informationMating Systems. 1 Mating According to Index Values. 1.1 Positive Assortative Matings
Mating Systems After selecting the males and females that will be used to produce the next generation of animals, the next big decision is which males should be mated to which females. Mating decisions
More informationEFFECT OF THE DIETARY N-3 AND N-6 FATTY ACIDS ON TEXTURE PROPERTIES AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF RABBIT MEAT
Meat Quality and Safety EFFECT OF THE DIETARY N-3 AND N-6 FATTY ACIDS ON TEXTURE PROPERTIES AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF RABBIT MEAT Hernández P. *, Pla M. Institute for Animal Science and Technology,
More informationGenetic parameters and trends for lean growth rate and its components in U.S. Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Landrace pigs 1
Genetic parameters and trends for lean growth rate and its components in U.S. Yorkshire, Duroc, Hampshire, and Landrace pigs 1 P. Chen*, T. J. Baas*, J. W. Mabry*, J. C. M. Dekkers*, and K. J. Koehler
More informationMeat Science 84 (2010) Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Meat Science. journal homepage:
Meat Science 84 (2010) 180 185 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Meat Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/meatsci The association between polymorphism of PKM2 gene and glycolytic
More informationEffect of Washing on Quality Improvement of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat
Effect of Washing on Quality Improvement of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat Cho Cho Thein 1* and Kanithaporn Vangnai 2 ABSTRACT Mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) is obtained from the skeletal
More informationResponses of pigs divergently selected for cortisol level or feed efficiency to a challenge diet during growth
Responses of pigs divergently selected for cortisol level or feed efficiency to a challenge diet during growth H. Gilbert 1, E. Terenina 1, J. Ruesche 1, L. Gress 1, Y. Billon 2, P. Mormede 1 & C. Larzul
More informationL. A. Kinman, D. L. VanOverbeke, C. R. Richards, R. B. Hicks and J. W. Dillwith STORY IN BRIEF
Influence of feeding various levels of wet and dry distillers grains to yearling steers on carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid profile and retail case life of longissimus muscle L. A. Kinman,
More informationPhenotypic Characterization of Rambouillet Sheep Expressing the Callipyge Gene: II. Carcass Characteristics and Retail Yield 1
Phenotypic Characterization of Rambouillet Sheep Expressing the Callipyge Gene: II. Carcass Characteristics and Retail Yield 1 S. P. Jackson 2, M. F. Miller, and R. D. Green 3 Animal Science and Food Technology
More informationAuthors: Key Words: Vitamin E, Vitamin D 3, Shelf-Life, Tenderness, Beef Color
1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF FEEDLOT STEERS WITH VITAMINS E AND D 3 ON LIVE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS, SHELF-LIFE ATTRIBUTES AND LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE
More informationRelationship Between Carcass End Points and USDA Marbling Quality Grades: A Progress Report
Beef Research Report, 1996 Animal Science Research Reports 1997 Relationship Between Carcass End Points and USDA Marbling Quality Grades: A Progress Report M. Izquierdo Doyle E. Wilson Gene P. Rouse V.
More informationTHE CREATININE LEVEL OF BLOOD SERUM AS AN INDICATOR OF CARCASS COMPOSITION 1 PAUL R. WUTHIER AND P. O. STRATTON
THE CREATININE LEVEL OF BLOOD SERUM AS AN INDICATOR OF CARCASS COMPOSITION 1 PAUL R. WUTHIER AND P. O. STRATTON Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station URRENT trends in consumer demand emphasize the importance
More informationGenotype by environment interactions between pig populations in Australia and Indonesia
Genotype by environment interactions between pig populations in Australia and Indonesia Tiffany Mote 1, Susanne Hermesch 1 and Julius van der Werf 2 1 Animal Genetic and Breeding Unit; 2 Department of
More informationPredicting Tenderness in Beef Carcasses by Combining Ultrasound and Mechanical Techniques
Predicting Tenderness in Beef Carcasses by Combining Ultrasound and Mechanical Techniques A.S. Leaflet R1333 Gene H. Rouse, professor of animal science, Doyle Wilson, professor of animal science, Mehmet
More informationEffects of genetic type and protein levels on growth of swine
Effects of genetic type and protein levels on growth of swine O. W. Robison *,1, L. L. Christian, R. Goodwin, R. K. Johnson, J. W. Mabry #, R. K. Miller, and M. D. Tokach * North Carolina State University;
More informationSensory Evaluation of Young Goat Meat submitted to diets with Licury [Syagrus coronata (Martius) Beccari] oil levels
Sensory Evaluation of Young Goat Meat submitted to diets with Licury [Syagrus coronata (Martius) Beccari] oil levels Introduction Brazilian raising i goat 10 million goats 93 % Brazilian Northeast IBGE
More informationSignificant association of APOA5 and APOC3 gene polymorphisms with meat quality traits in Kele pigs
Significant association of APOA5 and APOC3 gene polymorphisms with meat quality traits in Kele pigs Y.T. Hui 1, Y.Q. Yang 1, R.Y. Liu 1, Y.Y. Zhang 1, C.J. Xiang 2, Z.Z. Liu 2, Y.H. Ding 2, Y.L. Zhang
More informationPhysical attributes, chemical composition and sensory analysis of three muscles from heifers and bulls of Fleckvieh cattle
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Physical attributes, chemical composition and sensory analysis of three muscles from heifers and bulls of Fleckvieh cattle To
More informationAnimal Management & Handling The Quality Connection. Michael E. Dikeman Kansas State University Manhattan, KS
Animal Management & Handling The Quality Connection Michael E. Dikeman Kansas State University Manhattan, KS Three Characteristics of Presentations Quality, Length and Cost High Quality and Short talk
More information