不同施肥措施对冬小麦灌浆期氮素吸收分配的影响

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1 土壤 (Soils), 2013, 45(4): 不同施肥措施对冬小麦灌浆期氮素吸收分配的影响 1 1* 1 1 1,2 (1 / ) (CK) (NK) (NPK) (MNPK) (SNPK) 5 N 165 kg/hm 2 NPK MNPK SNPK MNPK SNPK NPK NPK MNPK SNPK CK N kg/hm 2 MNPK SNPK kg/hm 2 CK NPK NK 14 1 ~ 14 MNPK SNPK NPK P ~ 35 NPK MNPK SNPK P 0.05 P 0.01 MNPK SNPK S143.1 S ( N) t t 8 [1] [2-7] [2,8-9] [5,10-13] [10,14] [8,10] [10,15-17,23] [11] [18-19] [20-22] (34 47 N, E) 14.4 > mm mm, h ph g/kg ( ) (CXJQ120112) (2012BAD14B BAD14B04) ( ) * (nsw2010@hnagri.org.cn) (1979 ) nsw2007@cau.edu.cn

2 mg/kg 6.5 mg/kg 74.5 mg/kg CK( ) 2 NK( ) 3 NPK( ) 4 MNPK(M + ) 5 SNPK(S + ) N.. P 2 O 5.. K 2 O = 表 1 长期定位施肥各处理施肥量 Table 1 Annual amounts of N, P, K fertilizers and manures applied for various long term fertilization treatments (kg/hm 2 ) (kg/hm 2 ) N P 2 O 5 K 2 O N P 2 O 5 K 2 O CK NK NPK MNPK SNPK ( ) kg/hm 2 23 cm m 3 /hm 2 1 ( ) 7 ( ) 14 ( ) 21 ( ) 28 ( ) 35 ( ) ( ) 1.3 H 2 SO 4 -H 2 O 2 [28] [24] [25-36] (N, kg/hm 2 ) = (kg/hm 2 ) (g/kg)/1 000 Excel DPS NPK MNPK SNPK NK CK NPK MNPK SNPK NPK MNPK SNPK 1 ~ 7 NPK 575 /hm 2 NK CK ( 1) 2 ( P 0.05 P 0.01 ) 图 1 不同施肥处理灌浆期冬小麦群体动态变化 Fig. 1 Effects of various long term fertilizations on tiller numbers of winter wheat at filling stage

3 4 593 Fig. 2 图 2 不同施肥处理对灌浆期冬小麦干物质积累量的比较 Dry biomass productivities of winter wheat at filling stage under various long term fertilizations 2 NPK MNPK SNPK NK CK MNPK SNPK 1 ~ 21 NPK 28 ~ 35 NPK ( 2a) MNPK SNPK NPK ( 2b d) MNPK SNPK 1 ~ 14 NPK 21 ~ 35 NPK MNPK SNPK ( 2c) 1 ~ 14 MNPK SNPK NPK 21 NPK MNPK SNPK ( 2e) MNPK SNPK NPK 14 SNPK > > > MNPK SNPK NPK NK CK 7 CK ( 0.05) (P 0.01) SNPK NPK 14 MNPK (P 0.05) NK NPK SNPK NK MNPK (P 0.05) (P 0.01) NK SNPK NK NPK (P 0.05) NK 21 NK NPK

4 表 2 不同施肥处理对冬小麦灌浆期各器官全氮含量和氮累积吸收量的比较 Table 2 Nitrogen contents and accumulations of wheat organs during grain filling stages under various fertilizations (g/kg) (kg/hm 2 ) CK NK NPK MNPK SNPK CK NK NPK MNPK SNPK 1 d 7.70 aa aa 7.90 aa 7.60 aa 7.60 aa 9.94 cb 7.56 cb ba aa aba ( ) ba aba aa ba aba bb bb aa aa aa 9.30 aa 9.70 aa aa aa aa 8.77 bb bb aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa 8.80 bb 8.00 bb aa aa aa 7 d 6.40 bb 8.20 bab 7.50 bab 7.60 bab aa cc cc bb bb aa ( ) bb aa aa aab aa cb bb aa aa aa 7.20 bb aab aa abab aab dc cbc aa aba 37.84bAB ba aba aa aba aa 11.14bB bb 33.70aA aa aa 14 d 3.00 bb 6.90 aa 6.10 aab 5.70 aab 5.70 aab 7.49 dc cbc bb aa 38.51aA ( ) bc aa aab bbc aab dc cbc aba bab aa 6.00 cc aa abab 7.80 bcbc aab 5.12d C cc bab bb 27.05aA ba ba aa aba aba cc cc bb aab aa 21 d 2.80 cb 4.90 abab 4.20 abcab 5.50 aa 3.30 bcab 8.28 cc cc 26.81bB aa bb ( ) cc aa aab bc bbc 8.74 cc cbc aa bab bab 9.30 aa aa aa aa 8.20 aa 7.20 cd 9.02 ccd abab aa bbc ba aa aa aba aba bb bb aa aa aa 6.80 aa 9.50 aa 9.40 aa 8.80 aa 8.10 aa 5.45 bc 8.65 bbc aa aa aab 28 d 2.10 ba 6.30 aa 4.30 aba 4.10 aba 4.10 aba 5.42 cc bb aa aa aa ( ) bcab aa abab cb abcab 6.72 dd cc aa cbc bb 6.80 bb aa 8.30 bb 6.00 bb 8.80 bb 4.82 dc cb aba bcab aa ba aa aba aa aba cb cb aa aba ba 5.10 bb aa 7.10 bab 7.40 abab 7.10 abab 4.64 cc bb aa aa aab 35 d 2.20 aa 4.40 aa 3.10 aa 4.30 aa 3.30 aa 5.38 dc cb bcb aa bb ( ) 7.30 bb aa abab 8.50 bab 7.60 bb 6.16 dc bb aa bb cb 3.80 ba 6.90 aa 5.80 aba 4.20 ba 3.40 ba 3.19 cc 6.57 bb aa 9.18 aa 6.14 bb cb aa abab bcab bcab bc bbc aa aA aab 3.90 aba 5.60 aa 5.20 aa 3.90 aba 3.00 ba 3.90 dd 7.29 bcbc aa 9.22 bb 6.57 ccd P 0.05 P 0.01 MNPK SNPK 28 NK NPK 35 NK NPK MNPK SNPK [27-28] CK 21 MNPK SNPK 28 NPK NK 35 ( 2) 2 MNPK SNPK NPK NK CK MNPK SNPK NPK NK 1 ~ 14 MNPK SNPK NPK 14 (P 0.05) (P 0.01) 21 ~ 35 NPK MNPK SNPK (P 0.05) (P 0.01) MNPK SNPK 2.3

5 MNPK SNPK NPK NK CK 7 ~ 28 MNPK SNPK (P 0.05) (P 0.01) MNPK>SNPK>NK>NPK>CK 1 35 SNPK MNPK (P 0.05) (P 0.01) NK CK 表 3 不同施肥处理对冬小麦灌浆期耕层 0 20 cm 土壤碱解氮含量的影响 (mg/kg) Table 3 Contents of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen in 0-20 cm deep soil layers under various long term fertilizations CK NK NPK MNPK SNPK 1 d( ) bb bb abab aa aa 7 d( ) cc bb bcbc aa bab 14 d( ) cc bcbc cbc aa abab 21 d( ) cc bb bbc aa bb 28 d( ) dd bcbc ccd aa abab 35 d( ) db cdb bcab aba aa NPK MNPK SNPK NK CK NPK NPK NPK MNPK SNPK CK ( 3) NPK NK MNPK SNPK 图 3 不同施肥处理对成熟期冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素吸收量的影响 Fig. 3 Total nitrogen uptakes by winter wheat and grain yields at maturing stage under various fertilizations 3 [22] CK NK NPK MNPK SNPK NPK (N 375 kg/hm 2 ) [10,16] NPK MNPK SNPK [23] 21 ~ 35 NPK MNP SNPK 28 7 N 165 kg/hm 2

6 kg/hm 2 CK MNPK SNPK 7 NPK NK kg/hm 2 CK NPK NK 14 1 ~ 14 MNPK SNPK NPK (P 0.05) ( 0.01) 21 ~ 35 NPK MNPK SNPK (P 0.05) (P 0.01) MNPK SNPK [1], 玥,,,,. [J]., 2008, 23(5): [2],,,,,. [J]., 2008, 42(6): [3] Moldestad A, Mosleth Fergestad E, Hoel B, Oddvar Skjelvåg A, Kjersti Uhlen A. Effect of temperature variation during grain filling on wheat gluten resistance [J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 2011, 53: [4] Liu P, Guo WS, Pu HC, Feng CN, Zhu XK, Peng YX. Effects of high temperature on antioxidant enzymes and lipid per oxidation in flag leaves of wheat during grain filling period [J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2006, 5(6): [5] Gooding MJ, Ellis RH, Shewry P R, Schofieldet JD. Effects of restricted water availability and increased temperature on the grain filling, drying and quality of winter wheat[j]. Journal of Cereal Science, 2003, 37: [6] David Gouache, Xavier Le Bris, Matthieu Bogard, Olivier Deudon, Christian Pagé, Philippe Gate. Evaluating agronomic adaptation options to increasing heat stress under climate change during wheat grain filling in France[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2012, 39: [7] Ferreira Mariana SL, Martre P, Mangavel C, Girousse C, Rosa N N, Samson MF, Morel MH. Physicochemical control of durum wheat grain filling and glutenin polymer assembly under different temperature regimes[j]. Journal of Cereal Science, 2012, 7: 1 9 [8] Pan J, Zhu Y, Jiang D, Dai TB, Li YX, Cao WX. Modeling plant nitrogen uptake and grain nitrogen accumulation in wheat[j]. Field Crops Research, 2006, 97: [9] Gallé Á, Csiszár J, Secenji M, Guóth A, Cseuz L, Tari I, Györgyey J, Erdei L. Glutathione transferees activity and expression patterns during grain filling in flag leaves of wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance Response to water deficit[j]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2009, 166: [10],,,,,. [J]., 2010(7): [11],,,,,. [J]., 2010, 25(4): [12] Hossain Md. A, Araki H, Takahashi T. Poor grain filling induced by water logging is similar to that in abnormal early ripening in wheat in western Japan[J]. Field Crops Research, 2011, 123: [13] Motzo R, Giunta F, Deidda M. Relationships between grain-filling parameters, fertility, earliness and grain protein of durum wheat in a Mediterranean environment[j]. Field Crops Research, 1996, 47: [14],,. 7 [J]., 2011, 39(2): [15],,,,,,. N P K [J]., 2011, 20(4): [16],,,,,. [J]., 2008, 23(1): [17] Cai RG, Zhang M, Yin YP. Photosynthetic characteristics and ant oxidative metabolism of flag leaves in responses to nitrogen application during grain filling of field grown wheat[j]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2008, 7(2): [18],,,. [J]., 2011, 22(10): [19],,,,,,. [J]., 2011, 39(17): [20],,,,,. [J]., 2007, 22(6): [21],,,,. 14 C- [J]., 2007, 40(2): [22],,,,. [J]., 2007, 27(2): [23] Nie SW, Huang SM, Zhang SQ, Guo DD, Bao DJ, Zhang QP. Effects of various fertilizations on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in winter wheat-summer corn rotation in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China[J]. Journal of Food, Agricultural & Environment, 2012, 10(1): [24]. [M]. :, 1999 [25]. [M]. :

7 4 597, 1987: [26]. [M]. :, 1994: [27],,,,. [J]., 2004, 18(3): [28],,,. [M]. :, 2010: Effects of Nitrogen Uptakes by Winter Wheat Under Various Fertilizations During Filling Stage NIE Sheng-wei 1, HUANG Shao-min 1*, ZHANG Shui-qing 1, GUO Dou-dou 1, ZHANG Qiao-ping 1,2 (1 National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Net Work-Zhengzhou Fluvo-aquic Station/Key Field Scientific Observation Station of Zhengzhou Fluvo-aquic Soils Ecology Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou , China; 2 College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou , China) Abstract: In order to provide proper technology of fertilization and reduce nitrogen lose, effects of nitrogen uptake by winter wheat during grain filling stage were studied. In this study, nitrogen uptakes by winter wheat under five fertilization treatments: no fertilization (CK), inorganic fertilization (NK, NPK), inorganic NPK fertilizers and manure combination (MNPK), and inorganic NPK fertilizers and straw combination (SNPK), were carried out at National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Net Work-Zhengzhou Fluvo-aquic Station in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. The results showed that NPK, MNPK and SNPK treatments were better to obtain proper groups, higher dry biomass production during grain filling stage; both MNPK and SNPK treatments were more useful for stems and leaf sheaves growing and producing. Moreover, they also increased nitrogen uptakes from soils at grain filling stage, and improved allocation or accumulation in stems, leaves, leaf sheaves and ears. Compared with CK treatment, the filling times of MNPK and SNPK treatment, which the application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (N 49.5 kg/hm 2 ) and organic nitrogen fertilizer (N kg/hm 2 ), would increase in about 7 days. However, the filling times of NPK and NK treatment which inorganic nitrogen fertilizer application rates were N 165 kg/hm 2, would increase in about 14 days. Nevertheless, nitrogen accumulations of MNPK and SNPK treatments in stem and ears (P 0.05 and P 0.01, respectively) after flowered from 1 to 14 days were all higher than those of NPK treatment, but nitrogen accumulations of MNPK and SNPK treatments in leaves (P 0.05 or P 0.01) and kernels after flowered from 21 to 35 days were all lower than those of NPK treatment. In addition, nitrogen accumulation of MNPK treatment in ears at grain filling stage was better than SNPK treatment. Therefore, inorganic nitrogen fertilization rates should be increased in organic and inorganic fertilizer compound application in order to avoid nitrogen absence and gain more grain yields. Key words: Long-term fertilization, Nitrogen, Uptake, Winter wheat grain filling stage