|
|
- Griselda Julie Randall
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Medium Recipes The culture media that CCMP uses (or has used) are listed by family in the menu at left. Clicking on a recipe will bring up the CCMP's prefered method of formulation, as well as any usage notes the CCMP has made. The CCMP can ship media formulation kits for the L1, K, and f/2 families, and also sells these media and their derivatives in premixed form, filtered seawater, etc. You can place orders for these using the CCMP shopping cart. L1 Medium 1
2 Guillard and Hargraves (1993) This enriched seawater medium is based upon f/2 medium (Guillard and Ryther 1962) but has additional trace metals. It is a general purpose marine medium for growing coastal algae. To prepare, begin with 950 ml of filtered natural seawater. Add the quantity of each component as indicated below, and then bring the final volume to 1 liter using filtered natural seawater. The trace element solution and vitamin solutions are given below. Autoclave. Final ph should be 8.0 to 8.2. Component Stock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium NaNO g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 8.82 x 10-4 M NaH 2 PO 4 H 2 O 5.00 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 3.62 x 10-5 M Na 2 SiO 3 9 H 2 O g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 1.06 x 10-4 M trace element solution (see recipe below) 1 ml --- vitamin solution (see recipe below) 1 ml --- L1 Trace Element Solution To 950 ml dh 2 O add the following components and bring final volume to 1 liter with dh 2 O. Autoclave. Component Stock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O g 1.17 x 10-5 M 2
3 FeCl 3 6H 2 O g 1.17 x 10-5 M MnCl 2 4 H 2 O g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 9.09 x 10-7 M ZnSO 4 7H 2 O g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 8.00 x 10-8 M CoCl 2 6H 2 O g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 5.00 x 10-8 M CuSO 4 5H 2 O 2.50 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 1.00 x 10-8 M Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 19.9 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 8.22 x 10-8 M H 2 SeO g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 1.00 x 10-8 M NiSO 4 6H 2 O 2.63 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 1.00 x 10-8 M Na 3 VO g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 1.00 x 10-8 M K 2 CrO g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 1.00 x 10-8 M f/2 Vitamin Solution (Guillard and Ryther 1962, Guillard 1975) First, prepare primary stock solutions. To prepare final vitamin solution, begin with 950 ml of dh 2 O, dissolve the thiamine, add 1 ml of the primary stocks and bring final volume to 1 liter with dh 2 O. Filter sterilize. Store in refrigerator or freezer. Component Primary Stock Quantity Molar Concentration in Final 3
4 Solution Medium thiamine HCl (vit. B 1 ) mg 2.96 x 10-7 M biotin (vit. H) 0.5 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 2.05 x 10-9 M cyanocobalamin (vit. B 12 ) 0.5 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 3.69 x M Guillard, R.R.L Culture of phytoplankton for feeding marine invertebrates. pp In Smith W.L. and Chanley M.H (Eds.) Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals. Plenum Press, New York, USA. Guillard, R.R.L. and Hargraves, P.E Stichochrysis immobilis is a diatom, not a chrysophyte. Phycologia 32: Guillard, R.R.L. and Ryther, J.H Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea Cleve. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: L1 Derivatives Black Sea Medium: For brackish water organisms (16 psu, half-strength nutrients). Combine 500 ml L1 medium and 500 ml dh 2 O. Autoclave. L1 agar: Prepare 1 liter of L1 medium and dissolve 9g agar (heat and mix). For test tubes, dispense dissolved agar medium into tubes, autoclave, and then cool with tubes slanted at an angle. For Petri plates, autoclave in a flask, cool almost to the gelling point, and then aseptically dispense into sterile Petri plates. Note: The agar concentration can be varied to produce softer or firmer substrates. L1 - Si: Prepare as for L1 medium but omit Na 2 SiO 3 9H 2 O. This is preferred over L1 medium for organisms with no silica requirement because less precipitation forms. 4
5 L1 + Se: Extra silicon and selenium are beneficial to several diatom strains. Prepare 1 L of L1 medium but use 2 ml of silicate stock, then add 1.0 ml of selenium stock solution (1.29 mg H 2 SeO 3 /L distilled H 2 O). Autoclave. L1 at 11 psu: For brackish water organisms. Mix 650 ml distilled H 2 O and 350 ml filtered seawater. Add L1 medium nutrients and autoclave. L/10-Si: Autoclave 1 L of filtered seawater. When cool, aseptically add L1-Si nutrients at one tenth concentration (i.e., 100?L). L1-Si + CCMP1320 as food: Prepare L1 and aseptically add 50?L of healthy, moderately dense culture of CCMP1320. L1m: To 1L of L1 medium, add 1 g methylamine HCl, mix until dissolved and autoclave. This medium is used to test for contamination by methylaminotrophic bacteria. L1p: To 1 L of L1 medium, add 1 g Bacto-peptone, mix until dissolves and autoclave. This medium is used to test for contamination by non- methylaminotrophic bacteria and fungi. L1pm: To 1L of L1 medium add 1 g Bacto-peptone and 1 g methylamine HCl, mix until dissolved and autoclave. This general medium is used to test for contamination by bacteria and fungi. L1 + NPM: Add L1 nutrients to 900 ml of seawater and autoclave. After cooling, aseptically add 100 ml of the following organic stock solution. Dispense aseptically into test tubes. Organics Stock Solution (modified from Guillard 1960) To 900 ml dh 2 O add: Quantity Compound 5
6 1 g sodium acetate 6 g glucose 3 g (di-) sodium succinate 6H 2 O 4 g neopeptone 1 g Bacto-tryptone 100 mg yeast extract Bring up to 1 L with dh 2 O. Dispense in small aliquots and autoclave. References Guillard, R.R.L A mutant of Chlamydomonas moewusii lacking contractile vacuoles. J. Protozool. 7: Guillard, R.R.L Culture of phytoplankton for feeding marine invertebrates. pp In Smith, W.L. and Chanle,y M.H. (eds.) Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals. Plenum Press, New York, USA. Guillard, R.R.L. and Ryther, J.H Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea Cleve. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: f/2 Medium (Guillard and Ryther 1962, Guillard 1975) 6
7 This is a common and widely used general enriched seawater medium designed for growing coastal marine algae, especially diatoms. The concentration of the original formulation, termed "f Medium" (Guillard and Ryther 1962), has been reduced by half. To prepare, begin with 950 ml of filtered natural seawater and add the following components. The trace element and vitamin solutions are provided below. Bring the final volume to 1 liter with filtered natural seawater. If the alga to be grown does not require silica, then it is recommended that the silica be omitted because it enhances precipitation. Autoclave. Component Stock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium NaNO 3 75 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 8.82 x 10-4 M NaH 2 PO 4 H 2 O 5 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 3.62 x 10-5 M Na 2 SiO 3 9H 2 O 30 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 1.06 x 10-4 M trace metal solution (see recipe below) 1 ml --- vitamin solution (see recipe below) 0.5 ml --- f/2 Trace Metal Solution To prepare, begin with 950 ml of dh 2 O, add the components and bring final volume to 1 liter with dh 2 O. Autoclave. Note that the original medium (Guillard and Ryther 1962) used ferric sequestrene; we have substituted Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O and FeCl 3 6 H 2 O. 7
8 Component Primary S tock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium FeCl 3 6H 2 O g 1.17 x 10-5 M Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O g 1.17 x 10-5 M CuSO 4 5H 2 O 9.8 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 3.93 x 10-8 M Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 6.3 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 2.60 x 10-8 M ZnSO4 7H 2 O 22.0 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 7.65 x 10-8 M CoCl 2 6H 2 O 10.0 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 4.20 x 10-8 M MnCl 4H O g/l dh O 2 1 ml 9.10 x 10-7 M f/2 Vitamin Solution First, prepare primary stock solutions. To prepare final vitamin solution, begin with 950 ml of dh 2 O, dissolve the thiamine, add 1 ml of the primary stocks and bring final volume to 1 liter with dh 2 O. Filter sterilize. Store in refrigerator or freezer. Component Primary Stock Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Solution Medium 8
9 thiamine HCl (vit. B 1 ) mg 2.96 x 10-7 M biotin (vit. H) 1.0 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 2.05 x 10-9 M cyanocobalamin (vit. B 12 ) 1.0 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 3.69 x M Guillard, R.R.L Culture of phytoplankton for feeding marine invertebrates. pp In Smith W.L. and Chanley M.H (Eds.) Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals. Plenum Press, New York, USA. Guillard, R.R.L. and Ryther, J.H Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea Cleve. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: f/2 Medium Derivatives Black Sea Medium: For brackish water organisms (16 psu, half-strength nutrients). Combine 500 ml f/2 medium and 500 ml dh2o. Autoclave. f/2 agar: Prepare 1 liter of f/2 medium and dissolve 9g Bacto-agar (heat and mix). For test tubes, dispense dissolved agar medium into tubes, autoclave, and then cool with tubes slanted at an angle. For Petri plates, autoclave in a flask, cool almost to the gelling point, and then aseptically dispense into sterile Petri plates. Note: Agar can be added to other media (e.g., f/50 agar), and agar concentration can be varied to produce softer or firmer substrates. f/2-si: Prepare as for f/2 medium but omit Na2SiO 3 9H2O. This is preferred over f/2 medium for organisms with no silica requirement because less precipitation forms. f/2 + Se: Extra silicon and selenium are beneficial to several diatom strains. Prepare 1 L of f/2 medium but use 2 ml of silicate stock, then add 1.0 ml of selenium stock solution (1.29 mg H2SeO 3 /L distilled H2O). Autoclave. f/2 (11 psu): For brackish water organisms. Mix 650 ml distilled H2O and 350 ml filtered seawater. Add f/2 medium nutrients and autoclave. 9
10 f/2-si (24 psu): Mix 750 ml distilled H2O and 250 ml filtered seawater. Prepare as for f/2 medium but omit Na2SiO 3 9H2O. f/4: Add 500 ml f/2 medium to 500 ml filtered seawater, then autoclave. f/4-si: Autoclave 1 L of filtered seawater. When cool, aseptically add f/2-si nutrients at half concentration (i.e., 0.5 ml). f/20-si: Autoclave 1 L of filtered seawater. When cool, aseptically add f/2-si nutrients at one tenth concentration (i.e., 100?L). f/50-si: This is more than a 1/25 dilution of f/2-si medium. We autoclave 1 L of seawater in a Teflon-lined bottle. Wait for the autoclaved seawater to cool to room temperature (important). Aseptically add 40?L of sterile f/2 nutrients (20?L of vitamins). f/50-si + CCMP1320 as food: Prepare f/50 and aseptically add 50?L of healthy, moderately dense culture of CCMP1320. f/2m: To 1L f/2 medium add 1 g methylamine HCl, mix until dissolved and autoclave. This medium is used to test for contamination by methylaminotrophic bacteria. f/2p: To 1 L f/2 medium, add 1 g Bacto-peptone, mix until dissolves and autoclave. This medium is used to test for contamination by non- methylaminotrophic bacteria and fungi. f/2pm: To 1L f/2 medium add 1 g Bacto-peptone and 1 g methylamine HCl, mix until dissolved and autoclave. This general medium is used to test for contamination by bacteria and fungi. f/2 + NPM: Add f/2 nutrients to 900 ml of seawater and autoclave. After cooling, aseptically add 100 ml of the following organic stock solution. Dispense aseptically into test tubes. Organics Stock Solution (modified from Guillard 1960) 10
11 To 900 ml dh 2 O add: Quantity Compound 1 g sodium acetate 6 g glucose 3 g (di-) sodium succinate 6H 2 O 4 g neopeptone 1 g Bacto-tryptone 100 mg yeast extract Bring up to 1 L with dh 2 O. Dispense in small aliquots and autoclave. References Guillard, R.R.L A mutant of Chlamydomonas moewusii lacking contractile vacuoles. J. Protozool. 7: Guillard, R.R.L Culture of phytoplankton for feeding marine invertebrates. pp In Smith, W.L. and Chanle,y M.H. (eds.) Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals. Plenum Press, New York, USA. Guillard, R.R.L. and Ryther, J.H Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea Cleve. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: K Medium 11
12 Keller and Guillard 1985, Keller et al This enriched seawater medium was designed specifically for oligotrophic (oceanic) marine phytoplankters that are poisoned by higher levels of trace metals. The medium uses a 10 fold higher EDTA chelation than most common marine media, and a substantial number of trace elements are included. The necessity of Tris is questionable, and it may be omitted. If organisms do not require silica, the silicate solution should be omitted because it enhances precipitation. To prepare, begin with 950 ml of filtered natural seawater, add the following components and then bring the final volume up to 1 liter with filtered natural seawater. Autoclave. Component Stock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium NaNO g L -1 dh2o 1 ml 8.82 x 10-4 M NH 4 Cl 2.67 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 5.00 x 10-5 M Na b-gly 2 cerophosphate 6H 2 O 2.16 g L -1 dh O 2 1 ml 1.00 x 10-5 M Na SiO 9H O g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 5.04 x 10-4 M H SeO mg L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 1.00 x 10-8 M Tris-base (ph 7.2) g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 1.00 x 10-3 M trace metal solution (see recipe below) 1 ml
13 vitamin solution (see recipe below) 0.5 ml --- Trace Metal Solution To prepare, dissolve the following components to 950 ml of dh 2 O (heat if necessary) and bring the final volume to 1 liter using dh 2 O. Component Stock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O g 1.00 x 10-4 M Fe-Na-EDTA 3H g 1.17 x 10-5 M FeCl 3 6 H 2 O g 1.17 x 10-5 M MnCl 2 4H 2 O g 9.00 x 10-7 M ZnSO 4 7H 2 O g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 8.00 x 10-8 M CoSO 4 7 H 2 O g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 5.00 x 10-8 M Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 7.26 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 3.00 x 10-8 M CuSO 4 5H 2 O g L dh 2 O 1 ml 1.00 x 10-8 M 13
14 f/2 Vitamin Solution (Guillard and Ryther 1962, Guillard 1975) First, prepare primary stock solutions. To prepare final vitamin solution, begin with 950 ml of dh 2 O, dissolve the thiamine, add 1 ml of the primary stocks and bring final volume to 1 liter with dh 2 O. Filter sterilize. Store in refrigerator or freezer. Component PrimaryStock Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Solution Medium thiamine HCl (vit. B ) mg 2.96 x 10-7 M biotin (vit. H) 0.1 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 2.05 x 10-9 M cyanocobalamin (vit. B 12) 1.0 g L -1 dh2o 1 ml 3.69 x M Guillard, R.R.L Culture of phytoplankton for feeding marine invertebrates. pp In Smith W.L. and Chanley M.H (Eds.) Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals. Plenum Press, New York, USA. Guillard, R.R.L. and Ryther, J.H Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea Cleve. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: Keller, M.D. and Guillard, R.R.L Factors significant to marine diatom culture. pp In Anderson, D.M., White, A.W. and Baden, D.G. ( eds.) Toxic Dinoflagellates. Elsevier, New York. Keller, M.D., Selvin, R.C., Claus, W. and Guillard, R.R.L Media for the culture of oceanic ultraphytoplankton. J. Phycol. 23: Prov50 Medium (Provasoli & Guillard, unpublished) 14
15 The CCMP uses this seawater medium for organisms that grow better with soil water extract and better with (or require) ammonia. The medium is similar to other soil-water extract media, such as Provasoli's ES medium (Provasoli 1968), Plymouth Laboratory's Erdschreiber Medium (Tompkins et al. 1995), or Sweeney's General Purpose Medium (Sweeney et al. 1959, Loeblich 1975) but has an ammonia addition. The method for preparing the alkaline soil water extract was first published by Provasoli et al. (1957), and he recommends using a higher concentration of the concentrated extract (e.g., 250 to 500 ml of concentrate per liter). The CCMP has slightly reduced the concentration (1 ml of stock = 200 ml of concentrate). To prepare, begin with 950 ml of filtered natural seawater and add the following components. Recipes for the soil extract, trace element and vitamin solutions are provided below. Bring the final volume to 1 liter with filtered natural seawater. Autoclave. Component Stock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium NaNO 3 75 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 8.82 x 10-4 M NH 4 Cl 2.67 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 5.00 x 10-5 M NaH 2 PO 4 H 2 O 5 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 3.62 x 10-5 M soil extract solution (see recipe below) 1 ml --- trace metal solution (see recipe below) 1 ml --- vitamin solution (see recipe below) 0.5 ml --- Alkaline Soil Extract (Provasoli et al. 1957) 15
16 Combine two parts dh 2 O with one part rich organic garden soil (containing no recent applications of chemical fertilizer or pesticides). Add 2-3 g NaOH/liter. Autoclave for 2 hours, cool and filter. This concentrated extract is then diluted 5:1 with dh2o to make the final working stock. f/2 Trace Metal Solution To prepare, begin with 950 ml of dh 2 O, add the components and bring final volume to 1 liter with dh 2 O. Autoclave. Note that the original medium (Guillard and Ryther 1962) used ferric sequestrene; we have substituted Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O and FeCl3 6 H2O. Component Primary S tock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium FeCl 3 6H 2 O g 1.17 x 10-5 M Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O g 1.17 x 10-5 M CuSO 4 5H 2 O 9.8 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 3.93 x 10-8 M Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 6.3 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 2.60 x 10-8 M ZnSO4 7H 2 O 22.0 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 7.65 x 10-8 M CoCl 2 6H 2 O 10.0 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 4.20 x 10-8 M MnCl 2 4H 2 O g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 9.10 x 10-7 M f/2 Vitamin Solution 16
17 First, prepare primary stock solutions. To prepare final vitamin solution, begin with 950 ml of dh O, dissolve the thiamine, add 1 ml of the primary stocks and bring final volume to 1 liter with dh 2 O. Filter sterilize. Store in refrigerator or freezer. 2 Component Primary Stock Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Solution Medium thiamine HCl (vit. B 1 ) mg 2.96 x 10-7 M biotin (vit. H) 1.0 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 2.05 x 10-9 M cyanocobalamin (vit. B 12 ) 1.0 g/l dh 2 O 1 ml 3.69 x M References Guillard, R.R.L Culture of phytoplankton for feeding marine invertebrates. pp In Smith W.L. and Chanley M.H (Eds.) Culture of Marine Invertebrate Animals. Plenum Press, New York, USA. Guillard, R.R.L. and Ryther, J.H Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea Cleve. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: Loeblich, A A seawater medium for dinoflagellates and the nutrition of Cachonina niei. J. Phycol. 11:
18 P rovasoli, L Media and prospects for the cultivation of marine algae. pp In Watanabe, A. and H attori, A. (Eds.) Cultures and Collections of Algae. Proc. U.S.-Japan Conf. Hakone, Japan, September Publ. by the Jap. Soc. Plant Physiol. Provasoli, L., McLaughlin, J.J.A. and Droop, M.R The development of artificial media for marine algae. Arch. Mikrobiol. 25: Sweeney, B., Haxo, F. and Hastings, J Action spectra for two effects of light on luminescence in Gonyaulax polyedra. J. Gen. Physiol. 43: Tompkins, J., DeVille, M.M., Day, J.G. and Turner, M.F Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa. Catalog of Strains. Ambleside, UK. 204 pp. ES Medium Provasoli (1968) ES Medium is an abbreviated name for enriched natural seawater medium. In addition to nitrate and phosphate, it includes TRIS base buffer, trace metals and vitamins in place of soil water extract. The origin and composition of ES medium is confusing. Recipes for the medium appeared in two 1968 publications (D'Angostino and Provasoli 1968; Provasoli 1968) and the recipes are different. Provasoli himself cited the Provasoli (1968) paper (e.g., D'Agostino and Provasoli 1970; Provasoli et al. 1970; Provasoli and Pintner 1980). Unfortunately, the Provasoli (1968) paper contains several errors. Further confusion arose when some authors (e.g., Starr and Zeikus 1993) attributed ES Medium to Provasoli (1963), but they are incorrect. Provasoli (1963) describes a new enriched natural seawater medium (SWII Medium), derived from Iwasaki's SWI Medium (Iwasaki 1961); however, SWII Medium is not ES Medium. Finally, the PII trace metals solution in ES Medium is not the original formulation (Provasoli 1958). The molar concentrations differ and he substitutes sulfated Mn, Z and Co for the original chlorinated forms. PII trace metals is sometimes traced back to Provasoli et al. (1957) (e.g., by Provasoli himself in D'Angostino and Provasoli 1968), but it first appeared in Provasoli (1958) and subsequently in Provasoli (1963). See Provasoli (1968) for this version of PII trace metals. 18
19 In addition to this recipe, and the one by D'Angostino and Provasoli (1968), McLachlin (1973) provides an ES Medium recipe that is different. McLachlin's version (via John West) has 6.6 x 10-5 M TRIS, 6.6 x 10-5 M nitrate, 2.5 x 10-6 M glycerophosphate, 7.2 x 10-3 M iron-edta and a different formulation of vitamins and the PII trace metals; i.e., everything is different. West and McBride (1999) provide another version of ES Medium (see below) that is probably the best formulation for general use. First, prepare and then autoclave the necessary stock solutions, filter sterilize and store refrigerated or frozen (vitamins). To prepare the enrichment stock solution, begin with 900 ml of dh 2 O, add the following components (vitamins should be added last after mixing other ingredients), bring the final volume to 1 liter with dh 2 O and pasteurize. To prepare ES Medium, add 20 ml of the enrichment stock solution to 980 ml of filtered natural seawater. Pasteurize. Enrichment Stock Solution Component Stock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium TRIS base g 8.26 x 10-4 M NaNO g x 10-4 M Na b-glycerophosphate H O g x 10-5 M Iron-EDTA Solution (see recipe below) 250 ml --- PII trace metal solution (see below) 25 ml --- Thiamine (vit. B 1 ) mg 2.96 x 10-8 M 19
20 Biotin (vit. H) 5.0 mg L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 4.09 x M Cyanocobalomin (vit. B 10.0 mg L ) dh 2 O 1 ml 1.48 x M Iron-EDTA Solution The original recipe used anhydrous Na 2 EDTA, but because this is difficult to dissolve, we have used times as much Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O to achieve the same molarity. Begin with 900 ml of dh 2 O, dissolve the EDTA and then the iron sulfate. Bring the final volume to 1 liter, sterilize and store refrigerated. Component Stock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O g 1.13 x 10-5 Fe(NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 6H 2 O x 10-6 PII Trace Metals Provasoli 1968 The appropriat e amount of Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O is substituted for the original anhydrous Na 2 EDTA. Beginning with 900 ml of dh 2 O, dissolve the EDTA and then individually dissolve the following components. (The boron is not necessary for enriching natural seawater and should be left out.) Bring the final vo lume to 1 liter and store refrigerated. 20
21 Component Stock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O g 1.71 x 10-4 M FeCl 3 6H 2 O g 8.95 x 10-6 M H3BO g 9.25 x 10-5 M MnSO 4 4H 2 O g 3.64 x 10-5 M ZnSO 4 7H 2 O g 3.82 x 10-6 M CoSO 4 7H 2 O g 8.48 x 10-7 M References D'Agostino, A.S. and Provasoli, L Effects of salinity and nutrients on mono- and diaxenic cultures of two strains of Artemia salina. Biol. Bull. 134: D'Agostino, A. and Provasoli, L Dixenic culture of Daphnia magna, Straus. Biol. Bull. 139: Iwasaki, H The life-cycle of Porphyra tenera in vitro. Biol. Bull. 121: McLachlan, J Growth media - marine. pp In Stein, J.R (ed.) Culture Methods & Growth Measurements. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. Provasoli, L Effect of plant hormones on Ulva. Biol. Bull. 114: Provasoli, L Growing marine seaweeds. pp In De Virville, A.D. and Feldmann, J. (eds.) Proc. 4th Internatl. Seaweed Symp. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 21
22 Provasoli, L Media and prospects for the cultivation of marine algae. pp In Watanabe, A. and Hattori, A. (Eds.) Cultures and Collections of Algae. Proc. U.S.-Japan Conf. Hakone, Japan, September Publ. by the Jap. Soc. Plant Physiol. Provasoli, L., Conklin, D.E. and D'Angostino, A.S Factors inducing fertility in aseptic Crustacea. Helgolà nder wiss. Meeresunters. 20: Provasoli, L. and Pintner, I.J Bacteria induced polymorphism in an axenic laboratory strain of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae). J. Phycol. 16: Starr, R.C. and Zeikus, J.A UTEX- the culture collection of algae at the University of Texas at Austin. J. Phycol. 29 (suppl.): West, J. A. & McBride, D. L Long-term and diurnal carpospore discharge patterns in the Ceramiaceae, Rhodomelaceae and Delesseriaceae ( Rhodophyta). Hydrobiologia 298/299: Pro99 Medium (Sally Chisholm, unpublished) This medium was developed specifically for Prochlorococcus, but it can be used for other oceanic species tolerating high ammonia concentrations (e.g, Bolidomonas) and no vitamin requirement. All containers should be acid cleaned and rinsed with high quality H 2 O (e.g., Milli-Q). Seawater should be collected from the oligotrophic open ocean (e.g., Sargasso Sea water), taking the usual precautions to avoid contamination. Ultrapure grade reagents should be used. This recipe was developed in Dr. Penny Chisholm's Lab (MIT), and it used smaller volumes of stock solutions. Good sterile technique is required when growing axenic strains, and a laminar flow hood is recommended. To prepare, filter one liter of oligotrophic open ocean seawater into a Teflon-lined container, autoclave and cool before adding nutrients. Aseptically, add 1 ml each of the NaH 2 PO 4, NH 4 Cl and trace element solutions. The ammonium chloride and sodium phosphate solutions should be prepared by adding the amounts indicated below, and after they are dissolved, the solution should be sterile filtered into a sterile container. The two stocks should be stored in a 4 C refrigerator. 22
23 Component Stock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium NaH 2 PO g L dh2o 1.0 ml 5.0 x 10-5 M NH 4 Cl g L -1 dh 2 O 1.0 ml 8.0 x 10-4 M Trace Elements (see recipe below) 1.0 ml --- PRO99 Trace Element Solution Primary stocks of most metals and selenium are prepared first, as indicated below. To prepare primary stocks, add the indicated amount of the component to 1 liter of high quality water. Next, the trace element solution is prepared by dissolving the EDTA in 1 liter of high quality water, by dissolving the iron, and finally by adding 1 ml of each primary stock. The final trace element solution should be sterile filtered into a clean, sterile container and stored at 4 C in a refrigerator. Component Stock Solution Quantity Molar Concentration in Final Medium Na 2 EDTA 2H 2 O g 1.17 x 10-6 M FeCl 3 6H 2 O g 1.17 x 10-6 M 23
24 ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 2.30 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 8.00 x 10-9 M CoCl 6H O g L -1 dh O 2 1 ml 5.00 x 10-9 M MnCl 2 4H 2 O g L dh2o 1 ml 9.00 x 10-8 M Na 2 MoO 4 2H 2 O 0.73 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 3.00 x 10-9 M Na 2 SeO g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 1.00 x 10-8 M NiSO 4 6H 2 O 2.63 g L -1 dh 2 O 1 ml 1.00 x 10-8 M f/2 Methylamine Test Medium This is a specific marine test medium to detect the presence of methylaminotrophic bacteria. To prepare, dissolve 1 g methylamine HCl in 1 liter of f/2 medium (see above for f/2 medium recipe), dissolve, dispense into tubes and autoclave. If agar plates are required, prepare as above, and then dissolve/melt the agar (e.g., 10 g agar L -1 ), autoclave, and dispense into petri plates just before it cools to the gelling point. 24
Keller (K) medium in artificial seawater (Keller et al., 1987)
Worden Lab Prepared by: Marie Cuvelier & Melinda Simmons 20 March 2009 Keller (K) medium in artificial seawater (Keller et al., 1987) This recipe describes how to make K media in artificial seawater Artificial
More informationAPPENDIX 1 MEDIA PREPARATION
155 APPENDIX 1 MEDIA PREPARATION 1 Algal culture medium NaNO 3 1.00g K 2 HPO 4 0.25g KgSO 4 0.51g NH 4 Cl CaCl 2 FeCl 3 Distilled water 0.05 g 0.01 g 0.003 g 1000ml 2 Algal proteose medium Proteose peptone
More informationAlgal Culture unicellular and multicellular (seaweeds)
Algal Culture unicellular and multicellular (seaweeds) Total Plant Aquaculture = 15,781,000 mt Unicellular or micro-algal production -? Multicellular seaweeds = 13,241,000 mt 84% of total plant aquaculture
More informationWilliams Lab Recipes ANTIBIOTICS
Williams Lab Recipes ANTIBIOTICS 1000x Ampicillin (sodium salt) 100mg/ml recipe 1. Measure out 1 g of Ampicillin tri hydrate 2. Add Milli-Q H2O to 10 ml 3. Add ~.1 g of NaOH pellets (half pellet or more
More informationBielefeld University, Faculty of Technology, D Bielefeld, Germany. *Present address: Green Cross Vaccine Corp., Research & Development, 227-
Improvement of a synthetic medium for Dictyostelium discoideum Sang-In Han*, Karl Friehs and Erwin Flaschel** Bielefeld University, Faculty of Technology, D-33594 Bielefeld, Germany Tel.: +49/521/106-5301,
More informationProduction of Axenic Gonyaulax Cultures by Treatment with Antibiotics
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, July 12, p. 250-254 00-2240/82/070250-05$02.00/0 Vol. 44, No. 1 Production of Axenic Gonyaulax Cultures by Treatment with Antibiotics CHARLES L. DIVAN* AND HEINRICH
More information--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.259-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net NATIONAL STANDARD GB OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA National food safety standard Determination
More informationLab 3: Inorganic Plant Nutrients: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Silicate
Introduction Lab 3: Inorganic Plant Nutrients: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Silicate Compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus are major cellular components of organisms. Since the availability of these elements may
More informationThe interaction between zinc deficiency and copper toxicity as it affects the silicic acid uptake mechanisms in Thalassiosira pseudonana l
Limnol. Oceanogr., 26(l), 1981, 67-73 The interaction between zinc deficiency and copper toxicity as it affects the silicic acid uptake mechanisms in Thalassiosira pseudonana l John G. Rueter, Jr.,2 and
More informationLimnol. Oceanogr., 40(l), 1995, , by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 40(l), 1995, 132-137 0 1995, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. Regulation of copper concentration in the oceanic nutricline by phytoplankton uptake and regeneration
More informationNitrogen, Phosphorus and Minerals (Sodium, Potassium and Calcium) Contents of Some Algae's Species (Anabaena and Spirulina platensis)
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 11 (2016) pp. 836-841 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.511.095,
More informationLab Recipes. Destain 50% MeOH 40% milli-q water 10% Acetic Acid For 5 L total 2.5 liters Methanol 2 liters milli-q 0.5 liters Acetic Acid
1% Blotto 1 liter TTBS (aka TBST) 50 g nonfat dry milk 10 g BSA (Albumin, Bovine) Spike with 2 of 5% Sodium Azide (in hood) Shake it up and put it in the fridge Coomassie Stain 50% MeOH 10% Acetic Acid
More informationNational Standard of the People s Republic of China. National food safety standard. Determination of pantothenic acid in foods for infants and
National Standard of the People s Republic of China GB 5413.17 2010 National food safety standard Determination of pantothenic acid in foods for infants and young children, milk and milk products Issued
More informationDIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALI & BEGM
Table of Contents DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALI & BEGM... 1 MEDIA PREPARATION (ALI & BEGM)... 2 ADDITIVES FOR BEGM AND ALI... 2 STOCK 11... 3 STOCK 4... 3 ETHANOLAMINE 3 BOVINE PITUITARY EXTRACT... 3 HYDROCORTISONE...
More informationAppendix A: Preparation of Media and Chemicals. Malt Extract Agar (MEA) weighing g was dissolved in 400 ml of distilled water
Appendix A: Preparation of Media and Chemicals Preparation of Malt Extract Agar (MEA) Malt Extract Agar (MEA) weighing 13.44 g was dissolved in 400 ml of distilled water in an Erlenmeyer flask using a
More informationAPPENDIX A Media and Solution Preparation
APPENDIX A Media and Solution Preparation Appendix A Regarding the present experimental research, a summary of recommended and standard aseptic techniques should be followed throughout every procedure,
More informationMORIMOTO LAB BUFFER AND SOLUTION RECIPES
MORIMOTO LAB BUFFER AND SOLUTION RECIPES 30% Acrylamide 100ml 29g 2X Acyrlamide 1g N,N -methylenebisacrylamide Add ~300ml ddh 2 O. Heat to 37 C to dissolve chemicals. Adjust final volume to 500ml with
More informationG/LITRE 5.0 g KOH g 0.5 g 0.05 g 0.01 g MgS047H20 NaCl CaCl2
A P P E N D IX -V III COMPOSITION OF USED MEDIA AND CHEMICAL REAGENTS 1. NITROGEN FREE BROMOTHYMOL BLUE (NFB) MEDIUM Dobereiner et al (1976) Same media was also used to check the effect of temperature
More informationTissue culture Media preparation
Tissue culture Media preparation Plant Physiology Experiments Tissue Culture A technique which small tissue pieces or organs are removed from a donor plant and cultured aseptically on a nutrient medium.
More informationNitrate and Nitrite Key Words: 1. Introduction 1.1. Nature, Mechanism of Action, and Biological Effects (Fig. 1)
7 Nitrate and Nitrite Key Words: Nitrate; nitrite; methemoglobin; blood pressure; asphyxia; spinach; spongy cadmium column; zinc metal; sodium nitrate; sodium nitrite; ammonia buffer solution; Jones reductor.
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(3):
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 3 (2015) pp. 207-215 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Effect of Various Carbon Sources on Biochemical Production in Marine Microalgae Nannochloropsis salina
More informationTKB1 Competent Cells. Instruction Manual. Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures. Catalog # Revision B
TKB1 Competent Cells Instruction Manual Catalog #200134 Revision B Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures. 200134-12 LIMITED PRODUCT WARRANTY This warranty limits our liability to replacement
More informationMicroplate Nutrient Analysis: NH 4 +, NO 3 -, PO 4
Microplate Nutrient Analysis: NH 4 +, NO 3 -, PO 4 3+ Making Solutions: It is helpful to make the reagents and the concentrated (100 or 50 ppm) stock solution the day before running samples. When you are
More informationHydroponics TEST KIT MODEL AM-41 CODE 5406
Hydroponics TEST KIT MODEL AM-41 CODE 5406 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Contents List...4 Dilution Procedure...6 Test Procedures: ph... 6 Nitrate Nitrogen...7 Phosphorus... 7 Potassium... 7 Ammonia Nitrogen...8
More informationS. aureus NCTC 6571, E. coli NCTC (antibiotic
ISO Sensitivity Test Agar Code: KM1204 A semi-defined nutritionally rich sensitivity medium. It is composed of specially selected peptones with a small amount of glucose, solidified with a very pure agar
More informationLaboratory Protocol. November 2017 Version 3. Henrik Hasman, Yvonne Agersø and Lina M Cavaco (DTU Food)
Laboratory Protocol Validation of selective MacConkey agar plates supplemented with 1 mg/l cefotaxime for monitoring of ESBL- and AmpCproducing E. coli in meat and caecal samples November 2017 Version
More informationNutrient Media. General comments to the descriptions of the media
Nutrient Media When unsealing an ampoule with a culture obtained from the All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM) and for initial reinoculations, it is recommended to use the medium specified for
More informationNutrients & iclicker Question Which is not a major ion? A) Sodium (Na + ) B) Potassium (K + ) C) Chloride (Cl - ) D) Silicon (Si) E) Sulfate (SO 4
Nutrients & Tracers Non-conservative element: short residence time removed efficiently by biological or chemical processes Nutrients: used by living organisms Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Iron, silicate,
More informationUnderstanding ph management and plant nutrition Part 3: Fertilizers
Understanding ph management and plant nutrition Part 3: Fertilizers Bill Argo, Ph.D. Blackmore Company, Tel: 800-874-8660, Intl 734-483-8661, E-mail: bargo@blackmoreco.com Originally printed in 2003 in
More informationChallenges with Chelated &/or Complexed Minerals (Chelated and Soluble Methods of Analysis Used in FL)
Challenges with Chelated &/or Complexed Minerals (Chelated and Soluble Methods of Analysis Used in FL) Patty Lucas AAPFCO Laboratory Services Committee Meeting Friday, August 7, 2015 Fertilizer Sample
More information2017/18 PRODUCT CATALOGUE SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE
2017/18 PRODUCT CATALOGUE SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE CONTENTS 3 Schizosaccharomyces Pombe 4 Complex Media 5 YE Broth 5 YE Agar 6 YES Broth 7 YES Agar 8 YSO Broth 9 YSO Agar 10 ME Broth 11 ME Agar 22 SP
More informationWhat is the Redfield ratio?
Redfield Calculator The Redfield ratio, which now has meanwhile not heard of the Dutch aquarium? In the February (2004) issue of "The Aquarium" has a whole article about the Redfield ratio stood. But developing
More informationA Revised Method for Determining Phosphate-Phosphorus Levels in Sugar Beet Leaf Petioles 1
A Revised Method for Determining Phosphate-Phosphorus Levels in Sugar Beet Leaf Petioles 1 G. E. VARVEL, G. A. PETERSON and F. N. ANDERSON 2 &ceived/orpublicalionj..ne 1,1976 Knowledge of plant nutrient
More informationGlucose Cl NaCl K 2.5
Brains were removed and immersed in ice- cold solution containing the following (in mm): 87 NaCl, 2.5 KCl, 1.25NaH2PO4, 7MgSO4, 0.5 CaCl2, 25 NaHCO3, 25 glucose, and 75 sucrose, ph 7.4, 315 mosm. Parasagittal
More informationStandard Operating Procedure for Total and Dissolved Phosphorous (Lachat Method)
Standard Operating Procedure for Total and Dissolved Phosphorous (Lachat Method) Grace Analytical Lab 536 South Clark Street 10th Floor Chicago, IL 60605 June 13, 1994 Revision 1 Standard Operating Procedure
More informationNUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GROWTH AND ARTHROSPORE
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GROWTH AND ARTHROSPORE FORMATION OF COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS E. P. GOLDSCHMIDT AND G. W. TAYLOR Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland Received for publication August 30, 1957 Coccidioides
More informationAPPENDIX-I. The compositions of media used for the growth and differentiation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are as follows:
APPENDIX-I The compositions of media used for the growth and differentiation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are as follows: COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT MEDIA STOCK CULTURE AGAR (AYERS AND JOHNSON AGAR) Gms/Litre
More informationAppendix II. Barton's reagent:
Appendix II SOLUTIONS AND REAGENTS Barton's reagent: A. Dissolved 25 g ammonium molybdate in 400 ml de-ionized water (15 ). B. Dissolved 1.25 g ammonium metavanadate in 300 ml of boiling de-ionized water
More informationREEF CARE PROGRAM / Reef Colors. Algae Control. Testing and Supplementing
GB REEF CARE PROGRAM / Reef Colors Algae Control Testing and Supplementing Red Sea s Reef Care Program The complete Reef Care program is the result of years of research into the physiological demands
More informationREEF CARE PROGRAM / Reef Colors. Reef Foundation. Testing and Supplementing
GB REEF CARE PROGRAM / Reef Colors Reef Foundation Testing and Supplementing Red Sea s Reef Care Program The complete Reef Care program is the result of years of research into the physiological demands
More informationStandard Operating Procedure for Chloride and Silica in Lake Water (Lachat Method)
Standard Operating Procedure for Chloride and Silica in Lake Water (Lachat Method) Grace Analytical Lab 536 South Clark Street 10th Floor Chicago, IL 60605 April 15, 1994 Standard Operating Procedure
More informationOrganic Molecule Composition of Milk: Lab Investigation
Name: Organic Molecule Composition of Milk: Lab Investigation Introduction & Background Milk & milk products have been a major food source from earliest recorded history. Milk is a natural, nutritionally
More informationMedia. 20 1/5 Mycorrhiza Medium. 13 Seawater Starch Agar (SWS) 22 Trypticase Yeast Extract Agar (TYS) 14 Corn and Fish Meal Agar
VIII. List of Media 1 Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) Potato 200 g Sucrose 20 g Agar 20 g ph 5.6 Wash potatoes with tap water, peel and cut into 1 cm cubes. Rinse with tap water quickly and boil 200 g of potato
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB4789.30-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Buy True-PDF Auto-delivery. Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 4789.30-2016
More informationAspergillus foetidus BY AQUEOUS TWO PHASE
33 CHAPTER 3 PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF TANNASE FROM Aspergillus foetidus BY AQUEOUS TWO PHASE EXTRACTION AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION 3.1 INTRODUCTION Partial purification of proteins in general and tannase
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB4789.10-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 4789.10-2016 National food safety standard
More informationHassan Pyar Kok-Khiang Peh *
Isolation of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus from commercial yoghurt Hassan Pyar Kok-Khiang Peh * School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Telephone
More informationAppendix 3 Media and solutions
Appendix 3 Media and solutions 1. Buffer solution Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) Recipe to prepare five litres of PBS Reagents Sodium chloride NaCl 40.0g Potassium chloride KCl 1.0g Potassium dihydrogen
More informationAnnexure-I Preparation of MS stock solutions and volume used from the stock to prepare the medium. Volume in ml to be taken for 1 lt of medium
Annexure-I Preparation of MS stock solutions and volume used from the stock to prepare the medium Name of stock solution Chemical composition Quantity in mg/l Quantity in g/l of stock solution Strength
More informationHow to Select the Right Fertilizer for Hydroponics
How to Select the Right Fertilizer for Hydroponics Petrus Langenhoven, Ph.D. Horticulture and Hydroponics Crops Specialist Greenhouse and Indoor Hydroponics Workshop, West Lafayette IN, September 5, 2018
More informationReading and Analyzing your Fertilizer Bag. Dr. Cari Peters Vice President
Reading and Analyzing your Fertilizer Bag Dr. Cari Peters Vice President caripeters@jrpeters.com Designer, Formulator, Producer and custom manufacturer of high quality fertilizer products. Hand s on Horticulture
More informationAac Reagent Set ELISA for the detection of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Catalog number: SRA 14800
List of contents Lot number Aac Reagent Set Item 96 wells 500 wells 1000 wells 5000 wells Capture antibody 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525 ml 2.525 ml Alkaline phosphatase enzyme conjugate 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525
More informationEconovaPlus Fertiliser
EconovaPlus Fertiliser The complete plant growth fertiliser, bio-stimulater & carbon control solution. A bio-fertiliser based on the need for organic mineral complexes in the soil. Manufactured by building
More informationThe effect of selected dispersants on growth of Chlorella vulgaris Beijernick and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Brébisson
The effect of selected dispersants on growth of Chlorella vulgaris Beijernick and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Brébisson OCEANOLOGIA, 22, 1985 PL ISSN 0078-3234 Dispersants Chlorella vulgaris Scenedesmus
More informationPlant Nutrients in Mineral Soils
The Supply and Availability of Plant Nutrients in Mineral Soils Plant Nutrients in Mineral Soils Factors Controlling the Growth of Higher Plants 1. Light 2. Mechanical Support. Heat. Air 5. Water 6. Nutrients
More informationTNPSC Chemistry Study Material Fertilizers
TNPSC Chemistry Study Material A fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients
More informationExample: Ammonium Sulphate (also called Sulphate of Ammonia) is composed of the following:
Atoms are made up of smaller particles that are held together by electrical or magnetic forces. Each atom is, in effect, like a mini solar system with a cluster of particles called electrons orbiting it.
More information21 Virginiamycin OH O. For chickens (except for broilers) broilers. Added amount 5~15 5~15 10~20 10~20
21 Virginiamycin H H H H H H Virginiamycin M 1 C 28 H 35 3 7 MW: 525.6 CAS o.: 21411-53-0 Virginiamycin S 1 C 43 H 49 7 10 MW: 823.9 CAS o.: 23152-29-6 [Summary of virginiamycin] Virginiamycin (VM) is
More informationSelected Water Quality Topics Related to Larval Shrimp Culture
Selected Water Quality Topics Related to Larval Shrimp Culture Claude E. Boyd Professor Emeritus School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Auburn University, Alabama 36849 USA Chlorination
More information2 Avilamycin R 1. For chickens (except for broilers) Starting chicks Growing chicks. Starting broilers. Finishing broilers
2 Avilamycin H H H H H R2 H H H R 1 H H Avilamycins R 1 R 2 A CCH(CH 3 ) 2 CCH 3 B CCH 3 CCH 3 Cl C CCH(CH 3 ) 2 CH(H)CH 3 D 1 H CCH 3 [Summary of avilamycin] Cl H C 61 H 88 Cl 2 32 MW: 1403 CAS No.: 69787-79-7
More informationNutrient level (EC) in a pot is like a bank
Dirt, Fert and Squirt (1) Supplying Essential Nutrients What are the most common nutritional problems? Too much fertilizer Not enough fertilizer Paul Fisher pfisher@ufl.edu 1 ph too high ph too low 2 Nutrient
More informationIncorporating Micronutrients to NPK Fertilizers
Incorporating to NPK Fertilizers Presented at the 2006 IFA Agriculture Conference Jorge R. Polo Senior Technical Specialist IFDC How Plants Obtain Nutrients Nutrients Obtained from Air and Water Water,
More informationpossibilities occurs. It has been found that the organism acquires addition of vitamin B1 to cells of P. pentosaceum which had
ADAPTATION OF THE PROPIONIC-ACID BACTERIA TO VITAMIN B1 SYNTHESIS INCLUDING A METHOD OF ASSAY M. SILVERMAN AND C. H. WERKMAN Bacteriology Section, Industrial Science Research Institute, Iowa State College,
More informationReef Care Program - FAQ
Reef Care Program - FAQ I have a biologically mature aquarium, how do I start implementing the Reef Care Program? Can I use NO 3 :PO 4 -X in freshwater systems? How long will it take before I see a result
More informationSupplying Nutrients to Crops
Supplying Nutrients to Crops What is Plant Nutrition? Plants need nutrients for healthy growth and development. Plant nutrition involves the absorption of nutrients for plant growth and is dependent on
More informationROLE OF THIAMINE AND ITS MOIETIES IN GROWTH RATE OF DIATOM SP. PRATHAP P ABSTRACT
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE ALGAE BIOTECHNOLOGY ROLE OF THIAMINE AND ITS MOIETIES IN GROWTH RATE OF DIATOM SP. Corresponding Author JAGANNATHAN N Department of Biotechnology,
More informationImproved Enumeration Methods for the Recreational Water Quality Indicators: Enterococci and Escherichia coli
EPA United States Office of Science and EPA/821/R-97/004 Environmental Protection Technology March 2000 Agency Washington DC 20460 Improved Enumeration Methods for the Recreational Water Quality Indicators:
More informationRecipes for Media and Solution Preparation SC-ura/Glucose Agar Dishes (20mL/dish, enough for 8 clones)
Protocol: 300 ml Yeast culture preparation Equipment and Reagents needed: Autoclaved toothpicks Shaker Incubator set at 30 C Incubator set at 30 C 60 mm 2 sterile petri dishes Autoclaved glass test tubes
More informationEstablishment of Laboratory for Soil, Microbial and Biochemical Analysis
Establishment of Laboratory for Soil, Microbial and Biochemical Analysis The average productivity in Tamil Nadu is only 60 per cent of the potential and the technology adoption by the farmers is low. The
More informationEnzymatic Assay of ß-GLUCOSIDASE (EC )
PRINCIPLE: ß-D-Glucoside + H 2 O ß-Glucosidase > D-Glucose + an Alcohol CONDITIONS: T = 37 C, ph = 5.0, A 540nm, Light path = 1 cm METHOD: Colorimetric 1 REAGENTS: A. 100 mm Sodium Acetate Buffer, ph 5.0
More informationBlueberry scorch virus Reagent Set DAS ELISA, Alkaline phosphatase label for BlScV Catalog number: SRA 19100
List of contents Lot number Blueberry scorch virus Reagent Set Item 96 wells 500 wells 1000 wells 5000 wells Capture antibody 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525 ml 2.525 ml Alkaline phosphatase enzyme conjugate 0.150
More informationCryopreservation of micro algal strains used in aquaculture
1. mar. biol. Ass. India, 45 (2) : 128-132, July - Dec., 2003 Cryopreservation of micro algal strains used in aquaculture Imelda Joseph* Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High
More informationAn e cient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms
FEMS Microbiology Letters 170 (1999) 265^270 An e cient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms C. Shekhar Nautiyal * Agricultural Microbiology Division, National
More informationMicrobiological Methods V-A- 1 SALMONELLA SPECIES PRESUMPTIVE AND CONFIRMATION TESTS
Microbiological Methods V-A- 1 PRESUMPTIVE AND CONFIRMATION TESTS PRINCIPLE SCOPE Enrichment and selective procedures are used to provide a reasonably sensitive, definitive and versatile means of qualitatively
More informationScreening of bacteria producing amylase and its immobilization: a selective approach By Debasish Mondal
Screening of bacteria producing amylase and its immobilization: a selective approach By Debasish Mondal Article Summary (In short - What is your article about Just 2 or 3 lines) Category: Bacillus sp produce
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary Table 1. Quantity of phosphorus spared via phospholipid substitutions by picocyanobacteria. (1 6 P atoms cell -1 )* (% of P in DNA) Synechococcus WH812.7 ±.1 15 ± 2 Synechococcus WH783 2.7
More informationFatty Acid Oxidation Assay on the XF24 Analyzer
Fatty Acid Oxidation Assay on the XF24 Analyzer Mitochondria oxidize a variety of fuels to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Cells can utilize fatty acid, glucose and amino acids as their
More informationBanana AGS Medium. Anderson Basal Salt. Medium. Mixture
Anderson Basal Salt Mixture Banana AGS Blaydes Modified Basal Chu N6 Basal w/ Vitamins Cape Sundew/ Venus Fly Trap Multip. Carrot Callus Initiation medium Cape Sundew/ Venus Fly Trap Pretransplant COMPONENT
More informationProtocol for protein SDS PAGE and Transfer
Protocol for protein SDS PAGE and Transfer According to Laemmli, (1970) Alaa El -Din Hamid Sayed, Alaa_h254@yahoo.com Serum Selection of a protein source cell cultures (bacteria, yeast, mammalian, etc.)
More informationMedia preparation. To Prepare A ml stock soln (B X) Dissolve (Concn in medium (mg/ml) X A X B) mg In total volume A ml.
Media preparation Tissue culture medium consists of many items that are classified into micro- and macroelements, carbon source, vitamins, amino acids, growth regulators and undefined supplements. Many
More informationHRP cytochemistry. Division of Radiooncology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
HRP cytochemistry WOLF D. KUHLMANN, M.D. Division of Radiooncology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany A range of substrates is available for the cytochemical staining of peroxidase
More informationDetermination of available nutrients in soil using the Agilent 4200 MP-AES
Determination of available nutrients in soil using the Agilent 4200 MP-AES Application note Agriculture Author Dharmendra Vummiti Agilent Technologies, India Introduction Multielement testing of soil samples
More informationAN NEXURE. B log Sodium chloride 5g Distilled water (DW) 1 Litre ph: ] g 100 ml pl-l: g Glucose
AN NEXURE A. Composition of bacteriological media l. Alkaline Water (APW) B log Sodium chloride 5g Distilled water () 1 Litre ph: 9.110.] 2. Brilliant Green Bile Broth (BGLB ) Bile salt Brilliant green
More information> BACK TO CONTENTS PAGE
Chapter 4 Other Additives There are things other than just nutrients and water that can sometimes be added to the nutrient solution, in order to help along plant growth. In some instances these additions
More informationBuffers and Stock solutions Page 1 of 15
Buffers and Stock solutions Page 1 of 15 agarose 1% agarose 1.5% APS 10% CTAB 5% CI -weigh 2 g agarose in a 500 ml bottle -ad 200 ml 1* TAE buffer -in the magnetron (H2) 600 W, 3 min. or autoclave 20 min
More informationAPPENDIX I. I )! i. 0.3 g Magnesium sulfate (Hydrated) g Calcium carbonate g Ferrous sulfate g Agar-agar - 20.
APPENDIX I 1. Starch casein agar medium Medium was used for isolation, morphological studies, maintaining the cultures and for antitumor antibiotic production from the soil and river sediments isolates.
More informationTotal Kjeldahl Nitrogen Colorimetric Testing for Discrete and Segmented Flow Analyzers. NEMC 2017 Sarah Leibenguth Technical Support Chemist
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Colorimetric Testing for Discrete and Segmented Flow Analyzers NEMC 2017 Sarah Leibenguth Technical Support Chemist Topics for Discussion Method Principle Digestion Protocol Temperature
More informationCharacterizing Growth Promoters and Inhibitors of. SAR11 Pelagibacter sp. HTCC7211. Connie Lee A PROJECT. submitted to. Oregon State University
Characterizing Growth Promoters and Inhibitors of SAR11 Pelagibacter sp. HTCC7211 by Connie Lee A PROJECT submitted to Oregon State University University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements
More informationSoil Composition. Air
Soil Composition Air Soil Included Air Approximately 40 to 60% of the volume of a soil is actually empty space between the solid particles (voids). These voids are filled with air and/or water. The air
More informationEffect of Zn, Mn, and Fe on Cd accumulation in phytoplankton: Implications for oceanic Cd cycling
Limnol. Oceanogr., 45(7), 2000, 1501 1516 2000, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. Effect of Zn, Mn, and Fe on Cd accumulation in phytoplankton: Implications for oceanic Cd cycling
More informationTrends in Soil Management for Turf. David C. Smith P.Ag DCS Agronomic Services
Trends in Soil Management for Turf David C. Smith P.Ag DCS Agronomic Services Points for Today s Discussion Soil Testing Considerations Soil test interpretation How water moves in the soil Recommendations
More information19 Nosiheptide S O. For chickens (excluding broilers) For broilers. Finishing period broilers Growing period broilers. Stating chicks Growing chicks
19 osiheptide H S H H S S H H 2 H S S H S H H H [Summary of nosiheptide] C 51 H 43 13 12 S 6 MW: 1222 CAS o.: 56377-79-8 osiheptide (H) is a polypeptide antibiotic obtained by the incubation of Streptomyces
More informationB. 1% (w/v) Salicin Substrate Solution (Salicin) (Prepare 50 ml in Reagent A using Salicin, Sigma Prod. No. S-0625.)
SIGMA QUALITY CONTROL TEST PROCEDURE (Q]\PDWLFÃ$VVD\ÃRIÃ */8&26,'$6( PRINCIPLE: 'Glucoside + H 2 O Glucosidase > D-Glucose + an Alcohol CONDITIONS: T = 37 C, ph = 5.0, A 540nm, Light path = 1 cm METHOD:
More informationFERTILIZING GREENHOUSE CROPS
FERTILIZING GREENHOUSE CROPS CLF 150 ppm SRF 6m-5g SRF 9m-5g David Trinklein Division of Plant Sciences Fertilizing Greenhouse Crops K Ca Fe Mg N gallery.yopriceville.com A Difficult Process?? Fertilizing
More informationPURE BRAZIL BRAND PRODUCTS
PURE BRAZIL BRAND PRODUCTS WHAT ARE THE PURE BRAZIL BRAND PRODUCTS? PURE BRAZIL BRAND Essential Micronutrients contains eight micronutrient elements essential to plant growth and health. Five (calcium,
More informationSources of nutrients to the surface mixed layer of the ocean
Sources of nutrients to the surface mixed layer of the ocean What are nutrients anyway? (to a chemist that is.) Where do they come from? Preformed (recycled, delivered from elsewhere) Biosynthesized Nutrient
More informationThe incorporation of zinc and iron into the frustule of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
Limnol. Oceanogr., 45(7), 2000, 1517 1524 2000, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. The incorporation of zinc and iron into the frustule of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
More informationStable isotope labeled Media products
www.isotope.com RESEARCH PRODUCTS Stable isotope labeled Media products Bacterial Cell Growth Insect Cell Growth Mammalian Cell Growth Yeast Cell Growth Minimal Media for Bacterial Cell Growth Spectra
More informationIt is recommended to use titanium coils. ph meter to control ph of the process. It is advised to use an automatic dosage for the maintenance products.
CRODA III Decorative Trivalent Chrome Process CRODA III is a hexavalent free chrome process, allowing to obtain slightly blue and bright deposits, optimal for decorative applications. ADVANTAGES Depuration
More information