Amy L. Yaroch, Ph.D. Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE

Transcription

1 9 th Biennial Childhood Obesity Conference Overview of Food Insecurity and Obesity Workshop on Decreasing Obesity by Enrolling Patients in SNAP and WIC Amy L. Yaroch, Ph.D. Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE

2 About Us Independent research institution providing scientific expertise, partnership and resources to improve diet and physical activity behaviors among youth and their families to help grow a healthier next generation The Center is a Omaha based independent non-profit research organization providing research, evaluation and partnership in: childhood obesity prevention, food insecurity, and local food systems Connect with us on Facebook or Twitter: GretchenSwanson

3 Food Insecurity Definitions Food security Access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life o Quantity Enough food o Quality - Nutritionally adequate o Suitability Culturally acceptable and safe o Psychological Meets personal, psychological needs o Social Acquired in socially acceptable manner Food insecurity- Limited or uncertain ability to acquire or consume an adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways

4 Food Insecurity Among Children, 2015

5 Health Consequences of Food Insecurity Developmental delays Cognitive issues Food Insecurity Asthma Physical impairments Anxiety/Depression Poor academic performance

6 Food Insecurity in Pregnancy is Associated with Poorer Pregnancy Outcomes Increased incidence of: Nutrient Deficiencies: Fe, folate, Zn Excessive gestational weight gain Gestational Diabetes Depression, Anxiety, Stress Low Birth Weight Epigenetic Changes: CVD

7 Adapted Model from Seligman and Schillinger (NEJM, 2010) on Cycle of Food Insecurity and Chronic Disease

8 Food Assistance Programs: SNAP & WIC SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly: food stamps) WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children) Mission Prevent and reduce hunger Prevent nutrition-related illness and improve overall health outcomes Eligibility Incomes below 130% of poverty line can apply; entitlement program # of Participants > 46 million > 8 million Incomes at or below 185% of poverty line can apply; discretionary program Food costs Average $125 per participant per month Average $44 per participant per month Eligible foods All food, except tobacco, alcohol, or prepared foods Only healthy foods recommended by the IOM to meet nutritional needs Nutrition education Available (SNAP-Ed) in some states A required WIC service Source:

9 Food Assistance Programs: School Meals (National School Lunch and National School Breakfast Programs) Federally assisted programs that provide nutritionally balanced meals to children during the school day NSLP began in 1946, SBP in 1966 School districts must meet strict requirements to be reimbursed for meal costs Meal pattern is specific to grades K-5, 6-8, 9-12 Available to all students below 130% poverty level = free % poverty level = reduced

10 Food Assistance Programs: Summer Meals Service Program (SFSP) State Agencies (administer program and communicate with USDA) Sponsors (enter agreements with state to run the program) Federally-funded, state-administered program Provides free meals to school-aged children in lowincome areas when school is out of session School districts must meet strict requirements to be reimbursed for meal costs Sponsor sites are reimbursed for meal costs by USDA Sites (physical location where meals are served)

11 Food Assistance Programs: Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Provides aid for meals and snacks at child and adult care institutions, including: afterschool centers, adult care centers, child care centers, home child care, and emergency shelters Serves 3.3 million children and 120,000 adults daily Administered by USDA FNS through grants to states Eligible organizations enter into agreement with stateadministering agency Meal pattern varies by age and types of meals served; strict requirements for reimbursement of meal costs

12 Coexistence of Food Insecurity and Obesity Push/pull of hunger and obesity

13 Coexistence of Food Insecurity and Obesity Poverty Poor Education Marital Status Other Indicators and social determinants of health Location Race/Ethnicity Non-Hispanic Blacks Blacks Food deprivation overconsumption Nutrition deficiencies weight gain Episodic food shortages - increased body fat Limited variety of foods Low cost high energy foods Fewer fruits and vegetables Shared risk factors Common Population Burden Biological Mechanisms Behavioral Mechanisms Food Insecurity Obesity Poor Dietary Quality Malnutrition

14 Combined Efforts to Improve Dietary Quality

15 We should be Striving Towards Community Food Security

16 Contact and Questions Amy L. Yaroch, Ph.D. Executive Director Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition 8401 West Dodge Road, Suite 100 Acknowledgments: Hollyanne Fricke, MPH Omaha, Nebraska P (402) F (402) ayaroch@centerfornutrition.org