J. Sci. I. A. U (JSIAU), Vol 20, No. 76, Summer Chemical Composition of Iran Propolis from Different Regions of Ardebile

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1 rchive of SID J. Sci. I.. U (JSIU), Vol 20, No. 76, Summer hemical omposition of Iran Propolis from Different Regions of rdebile S. khojasteh Shalmany nimal Science Department,, stara ranch Islamic zad University, stara, Iran. R. Solhnejad hemistrv Department, stara ranch,islamic zad University, stara, Iran.. khalili mosavi gricultural Department, stara ranch,islamic zad University, stara, Iran.. Taghvamanesh * hemistry Department, entral Tehran ranch,islamic zad University, Tehran, Iran. N. Masnabadi iology Department, Roudehen ranch, Islamic zad University, Roudehen, Iran. bstract Introduction: rdebile Propolis (bee glue) is a sticky dark-colored material that collected from living plant buds or exudates by bees, and mix it with wax and sugars. More than 180 compounds have been identified in world Propolis and many are biologically active. Flavonoids appear to be the principal components responsible for the biological activities of Propolis samples. Flavonoids are abundant, including apigenin, galangin, kaempferol,luteolin, Pinocembrin, quercitin, pinostrobin and etc. im: Investigation and identification of flavonoid compounds of %96 ethanolic extract of pooled Propolis samples collected from three different regions of rdebile. Material and Methods: Ethanolic extract of pooled Propolis from three different regions of rdebile to identified of flavonoids was analyzed by High Performance Liquid hromatography (HPL) method. Results:Ten individual flavonoid compounds were identified, and most of them indicate the chemical pattern of popular Propolis. They contained pinocembrin, pinocembrin chalcone, pinobanksin, pinostrobin, pinostrobin chalcone, galangin, apigenin, chrysin, tectochrysin and chromone. bout three isolated components were not identified. onclusion: The flavonoid compounds identified in rdebile Propolis included flavones, flavanones, flavanolols, flavonols and chalcones. It is an interesting finding, since such compounds were found in tropical Propolis. These flavonoids have the biological activity. Thus, consumption of foods containing flavonoids has been associated with a variety of health benefits. This could be interest because it has been shown that bees have the ability to find in their environment Propolis. Key words: Propolis, chemical composition, flavonoids Introduction rdebile Propolis (bee glue) is a sticky dark-colored material that collected from living * orresponding author

2 rchive of SID 88 hemical omposition of Iran Taghvamanesh and oworker plant buds or exudates by bees, and mix it with wax, sugars and use in the construction and adaptation of their nests, mainly to fill out cracks in the bee hive. More than 180 compounds have been identified in world Propolis, and many are biologically active. [1] Flavonoids are abundant, including apigenin, galangin, kaempferol, luteolin, pinocembrin, pinostrobin, quercitin and etc. In general, Propolis composition is directly related to that of bud exudates collected by bees from various trees: poplar, birch, beech, horse chestnut, alder and various conifers. [2,3] Literatures survey revealed that flavonoids appear to be the principal components responsible for the biological activities of Propolis samples. The ethanolic extract of Propolis has some activities such as antibacterial, [4] antifungal, [5] antiviral, [6] local-anaesthetic, [7] antiinflammatory, [8] antioxidant, [9] immunostimulating, [10] and other beneficial activities. The differences of Propolis composition make it difficult to determine its quality as the available chemical methods for Propolis quality control are unsatisfactory. [11] The present study investigated the flavonoid compounds of %96 ethanolic extract of pooled Propolis samples collected from three different regions of rdebile by HPL. Material and Methods Propolis samples Geographic origin, time of collection and kind of vegetatives are listed in table 1. Handcollected Propolis samples were kept in the dark and pooled up to their processing. Table 1- Site, time of collection and vegetative region of propolis samples. Samples Location Vegetative Year Hakim gheshlaghy, Poplar, birch, beech, horse chestnut, alder, lucern, 1 rdebile clover, cherry, damson, black cherry, plum, 2007 Thyme 2 rround of khalkhal, Poplar, birch, beech, horse chestnut, alder, lucern, rdebile clover, cherry, damson, black cherry, plum, 2007 Samian, rdebile Thyme 3 Poplar, birch, beech, horse chestnut, alder, lucern, clover, cherry, damson, black cherry, plum, 2007 Thyme Propolis Extraction Propolis was ground to a fine powder and 2g (dry weight) were mixed with 25 ml %96 (v/v) ethanol and shaken at 70 c o for 30 min. fter extraction, the mixture was centrifuged and the supernatant was evaporated under low pressure to produce the ethanolic extract of Propolis (EEP), which was prepared at %1 (p/v) with ethanol %96 (v/v). High Performance Liquid hromatography (HPL) EEP were performed by HPL using a chromatograph equipped with a k-100 (V- 1400) pump, column (K-2500, column size ml; particle size 5 µm ), UV detector knaver (K-250) and flow rate of 0.85 ml/min. EEP were filtered with 0.22 µm filter (Millipore) prior to 20 µl injected into the HPL system. The column was eluted by using a linear gradient of water (solvent ) and methanol (solvent ), starting with 40% and increasing to 60% (45 min), held at 90% (45-75 min), and decreasing to 30% (75-85 min) with a solvent flow rate of 0.85 ml/min and detection with a detector. Results and Discussion The chemical composition (flavonoids) of three pooled Propolis samples of rdebile with same vegetative regions was investigated by HPL. bout 10 individual flavonoid compounds were identified and listed in (table 2,3) and three components remained

3 rchive of SID J. Sci. I.. U (JSIU), Vol 20, No. 76, Summer unidentified. Most flavonoid compounds displayed the typical pattern of poplar propolis. The flavonoid compounds identified in this study included flavones, flavanones, flavanolols, flavonols and chalcons.the peak number in the table 2 are given according to the retention time only to the major peaks. It is an interesting finding, since such compounds were found in tropical Propolis [4,12]. These flavonoids have biological activity and this could be of interest because it has been shown that bees have the ability to find in their environment Propolis and use it as source and the best agent to protect their hives against bacterial and fungal and other infections. There are several studies in the literature, showing that flavonoids have antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant action. Thus, consumption of foods containing flavonoids has been associated with a variety of health benefits. From the results of HPL, we could observe that flavonoid compounds in rdebile Propolis are similar pattern to standard world Propolis study. In addition the present results demonstrate that even in rdebile, where Propolis is believed to be very well studied, there could be surprises concerning the plant origin and chemical composition of bee glue. Table2- Flavonoid compounds of ethanol extract of Propolis ssessed by HPL. Peak No Rt ( min) ompound pigenin Pinobanksin Pinocembrinhalcone hromone Pinocembrin hrysin Galangin Pinostrobin chalcone Pinostrobin Tectochrysin Rt: Retention time Table3- hemical composition of ethanol extract of Propolis sample (kind compounds). No Flavonoid Groups Kind ompounds 1 flavones pigenin, chrysin, tectochrysin, chromone 2 flavanones Pinocembrin, pinostrobin 3 flavanolols Pinobanksin 4 flavonols Galangin 5 chalcones Pinocembrin chalcone, pinostrobin chalcone

4 rchive of SID 90 hemical omposition of Iran Taghvamanesh and oworker H H H H H pigenin hrysin H hromone Tectochrysin H H H H Pinostrobin Pinocembin

5 rchive of SID J. Sci. I.. U (JSIU), Vol 20, No. 76, Summer H H H H H H Pinobanksin Galangin H H H H H Pinostrobin halcone Pinocembrin halcone Figure 1- hemical structures of flavonoid identified in Propolis sample onclusion The flavonoid compounds identified in rdebile Propolis included flavones, flavanones, flavanolols, flavonols and chalcones. It is an interesting finding, since such compounds were found in tropical Propolis. These flavonoids have the biological activity. Thus, consumption of foods containing flavonoids has been associated with a variety of health benefits. This could be interest because it has been shown that bees have the ability to find in their environment Propolis. cknowledgements The authors are grateful to Islamic zad University of stara for the financial support for this research.

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