Research Article ISOLATION AND SPECTRAL DETERMINATION OF MERREMIA TURPETUM Syeda Jeelani Basri T 1

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1 ISSN: X CODEN: IJPTFI Available Online through Research Article ISOLATION AND SPECTRAL DETERMINATION OF MERREMIA TURPETUM Syeda Jeelani Basri T 1 1 Senior Assistant Professor, G.Pullaiah college of Engineering and Technology, Dept.of Chemistry, Kurnool , A.p. India. syedajilaniblooms@gmail.com Received on Accepted on Abstract The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of the methonalic extract of Merremia turpethum (MEMT). Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferace (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin were increased and the levels of total protein were decreased. The potency of methanol extract of the plant showed rich antioxidant properties.from this study it can be concluded that the (MEMT) showed significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant action. Keywords: Antioxidant, Anthraquinone, Saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, Merremia turpethum, DPPH, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity. I. Introduction Merremia turpethum is an important medicinal plant in Asia. In Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine, in which Merremia turpethum is called trivrit or turpeth, it is a true panacea, and is a vital ingredient in more than 135 herbal and herbal-mineral formulations[1]. The rhizome has been included in several groups, including the group of purgative herbs, antidote herbs, herbs for therapeutic enema and herbs eliminating toxins. An infusion of the rhizome is taken internally to treat fever, anorexia, obesity, oedema, anaemia, ascites, haemorrhoids, cough, asthma, dyspepsia, flatulence, paralysis, gout, rheumatism, melancholia, constipation, hepato-splenomegaly, hepatitis, intoxication and abdominal tumours[2]. Externally a paste of the rhizome is applied to treat scorpion stings, snakebites, ulcers, worm infestation, wounds, pruritus, vitiligo and other skin disorders. II. Traditional Value of Merremia Turpethum Oil extracted from the rhizome bark is used in skin diseases with scale formation. Rhizome powder mixed with butter and honey is taken to treat vomiting of blood, tuberculosis and herpes. Rhizome powder mixed with butter or fresh juice of the leaves is used as eye drops to treat corneal opacity or conjunctivitis. In western India the flowers are applied to the head to treat headache. Merremia turpethum is also used in Chinese medicine mainly for the treatment of oedema and as an astringent. In India, Merremia turpethum is occasionally planted as an ornamental. The rhizome bark contains up to IJPT Sep-2015 Vol. 7 Issue No Page 8919

2 10% of a brownish yellow glycosidic resin, called turpethin. The main laxative or purgative compounds of the alcoholsoluble fraction of the resin are glycosidic acids identified as turpethinic acids A E Derivatives of Merremia trupethum The rhizome also contains as major component the coumarin derivative scopoletin. From the aerial parts numerous fatty hydroxy-acid glycosides and glycosides of cyclic hydroxy-acids, as well as 4 dammarane-type triterpene glycosides have been isolated (operculinoside). Three glycosidic acids, turpethic acids, and two intact resin glycosides, turpethosides A and B, all having a common pentasaccharide moiety and 12-hydroxy fatty acid aglycones of different chain lengths, were obtained from the aerial parts[3]. The seeds contain a gum, that resembles guar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) in structure, and which may have commercial value Pharmacological Activity Anti-oxidants have been found to be of assistance for the cure of lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, ageing, diabetes mellitus, cancer, immunosuppression, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients(young and Woodside, 2001). Antioxidants act as scavengers preventing cellular and membrane damage. This progression is called anti-oxidation[4]. The major natural antioxidants include vitamin E, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), polyphenols, bioflavonoids and carotenoids [5]. Antioxidants act in apathetic ways by preventing free radical formation (metal chelation), by scavenging free radicals preventing the proliferation of the oxidative chain reaction, by being part of the redox antioxidant network, or by regulating gene expression. Recently there has been an upsurge of interest in the therapeutic potential medicinal plants as antioxidants in re-antioxidants in reducing oxidative stress-induced tissue injury (Pourmorad et al., 2006). Among the abundant naturally occurring antioxidants; ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic compounds are more effective (Duh et al., 1999). They are known to inhibit lipid peroxidation (by inactivating lipoxygenase), to scavenge free radicals and active oxygen species by propagating a reaction cycle and to chelate heavy metal ions (Sundar rajan et al.,2006). III. Anthalmentic activity The study done on medicinal plants strongly supports the idea that plant constituents with antioxidant activity are capable of exerting protective effects against oxidative stress(cao et al., 1996)[6,7]. The free radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) was evaluated during the course of work. The ascorbic acid, carotenoids and total phenol contents with antioxidant activity were also determined. IJPT Sep-2015 Vol. 7 Issue No Page 8920

3 IV. Materials and Methods 4.1. Collection of Plant Material Ethnobotanical survey on medicinal plants found in the Ananthapuramu district was extensively studied and two folklore medicinal plants Merremia turpethum were identified for the present investigation[8]. Based upon the information collected on the medicinal plant were collected, identified and authentification was made from the local botanist[9]. The specimens were poisoned by dipping the whole twig in the Ethyl alcohol saturated with Mercuric Chloride solution and immediately placed between the blotting papers with forceps. V. Isolation of compounds 5.1. Isolation of compounds for methanolic fraction of Merremia turpethum 5g of methanolic column fraction of Merremia turpethum was dissolved in small quantity of ethyl acetate and few milliliter of n-hexane was added, on the addition of n-hexane a pale yellow precipitate was precipitated out[10]. The yellow precipitate were made available and dried. The precipitated products was subjected to the TLC studies with a mobile phase consist of benzene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (8.5:1.2:0.5) the fraction showed one major (R f 0.52) and two minor spot (R f 0.25 and 0.4). Further the compound was purified with n-hexane to obtain a white color precipitated on evaporation[11]. The compound showed a single spot with the R f 0.52 named as compound 1 as shown in figure. The preliminary phytochemical analysis done for the extract is mentioned in the table 1. Table 1: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts Chemical constituents EEMT HAEMT nhemt Alkaloids Amino acids Carbohydrates Glycosides Anthraquinone Cardiac glycoside Saponin Tannin Flavonoids Steroids Triterpenoids , Positive: -, Negative VI. Results and Discussion The results of present investigation studies performed on two biological activities ethno medicinal plants belonging to the Anantapur districts, are gathered, tabulated and calculated upon a keen screening and analysis were presented[12]. IJPT Sep-2015 Vol. 7 Issue No Page 8921

4 Fig.1: IR spectrum of Compound-1 From the IR, NMR and MASS spectral studies and comparing the spectral data s with the existing compound the data s shows that the isolated compound was lupeol as shown in below fig 2. Fig.2: Lupeol. VII. Conclusion From the preliminary phytochemical analysis it was evident that Merremia turpethum n-hexane extract showed the presence of tannins and steroidal compound. The Merremia turpethum ethanolic extract showed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, anthraquinon, saponin, tannin, flavonoids and triterpenoids. The Hydro alcoholic extract of Merremia turpethum showed the presence of phytoconstitution similar to that of the ethanolic extract except amino acids. The isolated and purified compound was collected and subjected for the spectral studies on IR, 1 HNMR and MASS spectroscopy. From the data s collected were compared with the existing data s to conform that compound 1 (Lupeol) of Merremia turpethum. IX. References 1. Klahr S. Oxygen radicals and renal diseases. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1232; 23: IJPT Sep-2015 Vol. 7 Issue No Page 8922

5 2. Mune M, Yukawa S, Kishino M et.al. Effect of vitamin E on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in ESRD patients. Kidney Int 1999; 56(71):S126-S Boaz M, Smetana S, Einstein WT et.al. Secondary prevention with antioxidants of cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease (SPACE): randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2000; 356: Ahmad B, Azam S, Bashir S, Hussain F, chaudhary MI. Insecticidal, brine shrimp cytotoxicity, antifungal and nitric oxide free radical scavenging activities of the aerial parts of Myrsine africana L. African Journal of Biotechnology 2011; 10(8): Sanchez-Moreno, C., Larrauri, J. and Saura-Calixto, F.,(1999) Free radical scavenging capacity of selected red and white wine, J. Sci.Food. Agric., 79, Sian B A (2003). Dietary antioxidants past, present and future? Trends in Food Sci. Technol. 14: Saayi Krushna, G.; and Lakshmi Devi, K.; Indian J. Nat. Prod. 21(4), 2005, Parimala Devi, B.; Boominathan, R.; and Subbash, C.; Mandal.; Ind. J. Nat. Prod. 22(2), 2006, Steenkanp, V.; Gonwsa, M.C.; Gulumian, M.; Elgorashi, E.E.; and Vam Staden, J.; J.EthnoPharmacol. 103, 2006, Sahoo, S.; Panda, P.K.; Tripathy, S.; Nayak, S.K.; and Dash, S.K.; Indian Drugs 42(5), 2007, Ahsan Hussain.; Muhammad Zia; and Bushra Mirza.; J.Biol. 31, 2007, Tatiya, A.U.; Patil, U.K.; Kulkarni, A.S.; and Suran, S.J.; Indian drugs 44(8), 2007, Ravindra, G.; Mali, Shailaja, G.; Mahajan and Anitha, A.; Mehta; Int. J. Pharmaco. Biol. Sci. Vol. 1(2), 2007, Corresponding Author: Syeda Jeelani Basri T 1 syedajilaniblooms@gmail.com IJPT Sep-2015 Vol. 7 Issue No Page 8923