What women want: sports nutrition for the active female

Transcription

1 What women want: sports nutrition for the active female Dr Lauren C Duckworth Senior Lecturer in Sport and Exercise Nutrition Academic Associate of the Sport and Exercise Nutrition Register School of Sport, Carnegie Faculty Leeds Beckett University, UK

2 Nutrition for the active female Traditionally sport and exercise nutrition research has focused on males aged years Understanding that requirements of females may be different Responses to nutritional interventions may differ Overall aims of exercise are also different

3 Nutrition for the active female Exercise and dietary practices are not well documented Survey of 200 active females aged years in NE England Defined as being physically active for at least 30 min a day, at least 3 days per week for at least the previous 6 months 40 questions demographics, dietary habits, appetite and mood, exercise habits Veasey et al., The Effect of Breakfast Consumption Prior to Exercise on Cognitive Performance, Mood and Appetite, Under Review (Phd Thesis)

4 % responses Survey results Main reasons for exercising (n=200) Veasey et al., The Effect of Breakfast Consumption Prior to Exercise on Cognitive Performance, Mood and Appetite, Under Review (Phd Thesis)

5 Survey results Exercise improves mood, alertness, concentration and improved ability to perform work Over half the sample reported that they felt hungrier for the rest of the day when they had exercised in the morning compared to days with no exercise Veasey et al., The Effect of Breakfast Consumption Prior to Exercise on Cognitive Performance, Mood and Appetite, Under Review (Phd Thesis)

6 Gender differences- fuel utilisation Suggested that women more accurately balance energy expenditure and intake to defend body fat stores and preserve reproductive function. Tarnopolsky, M.A. (2000). Gender differences in metabolism; nutrition and supplements. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 3 (3):

7 Gender differences- fuel utilisation

8 Gender differences- food choice More aware about diet Embrace dietary change quality/freshness, price, Greater level of nutritional knowledge Habitual and routine, necessary activity to fuel Perceive healthy eating as monotonous / unsatisfying. taste More independent regarding food preferences Gender Differences in Food Choice and Dietary Intake in Modern Western Societies in "Public Health - Social and Behavioral Health (2012)

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11 Appetite regulation: acute exercise Gender differences in postexercise appetite regulation? Potential issue of overcompensation following exercise over consecutive days Thackray et al. (2016) Exercise, Appetite and Weight Control: Are There Differences between Men and Women? Nutrients, 8, 583

12 Appetite regulation: chronic exercise 12-week exercise programme No changes in daily energy intakes No weight changes Large individual variability Thackray et al. (2016) Exercise, Appetite and Weight Control: Are There Differences between Men and Women? Nutrients, 8, 583

13 Appetite regulation- exercise vs. diet Alajmi et al. (2016) Appetite and Energy Intake Responses to Acute Energy Deficits in Females versus Males, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 48, 3,

14 Conclusions In response to long-term endurance exercise, women oxidise proportionately more lipid and less carbohydrate and protein as compared to men. Men and women show similar rates of glycogen re-synthesis when carbohydrate (~ g/kg) and protein (~10 g) are consumed in the minutes following exercise. Women are at greater risk for energy and protein insufficiency as compared to men due to the greater incidence of energy restriction. Men and women do not exhibit different responses (appetite, appetite-regulatory hormones, energy intake) to acute or chronic exercise-induced energy deficits.

15 Future research We need to do more research in females! Acute studies versus chronic practice Growing developments in sports nutrition products for the active female Recovery from exercise induced muscle damage does oestrogen play a protective role? Muscle glycogen and lipid utilisation and resynthesis in females Specific nutrient requirements of female athletes

16 Thank