Proportion (%) of population with haemoglobin below: * Adolesent girls by governorate: Jahra F

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1 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Anaemia The database on Anaemia includes data by country on prevalence of anaemia and mean haemoglobin concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 70 Proportion (%) of population with haemoglobin below: Haemoglobin (g/l) Notes Mean SD Method Reference General Line N 2000P Adolesent girls: Total F B 1715 * Adolesent girls by governorate: Capital F Adolesent girls by governorate: Hawalli F Adolesent girls by governorate: Farwani F Adolesent girls by governorate: Ahmadi F Adolesent girls by governorate: Jahra F N 2000P NPW F B 2300 * 1 Men M Pre-SAC: Total B SAC: Total B Pre-SAC by age B Pre-SAC by age B Pre-SAC by age B Pre-SAC by age B Pre-SAC by age B Pre-SAC by governorate: Capital B Pre-SAC by governorate: Hawalli B Pre-SAC by governorate: Farwania B Pre-SAC by governorate: Ahmadi B Pre-SAC by governorate: Jahra B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B L 2000 Governorates of Ahmadi, Farwania: Adolescent girls F B 3623 * 19 S governorates: NPW F NS B 4376 * 5 governorates: Children: Total B governorates: Children by sex F governorates: Children by sex M N Women by age F B 4375 * 23 Women by age F Men by age M

2 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Anaemia The database on Anaemia includes data by country on prevalence of anaemia and mean haemoglobin concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 70 Proportion (%) of population with haemoglobin below: Haemoglobin (g/l) Notes Mean SD Method Reference General Line N Men by age M B Pre-SAC by sex F Pre-SAC by sex M Pre-SAC by sex and age F Pre-SAC by sex and age M Pre-SAC by sex and age F Pre-SAC by sex and age M Pre-SAC by sex and age F Pre-SAC by sex and age M Pre-SAC by sex and age F Pre-SAC by sex and age M Pre-SAC by sex and age F Pre-SAC by sex and age M SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by age B SAC by sex and age F SAC by sex and age M SAC by sex and age F SAC by sex and age M SAC by sex and age F SAC by sex and age M SAC by sex and age F SAC by sex and age M Adolescents by sex F Adolescents by sex M Adolescents by sex and age F Adolescents by sex and age M Adolescents by sex and age F Adolescents by sex and age M Adolescents by sex and age F

3 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Anaemia The database on Anaemia includes data by country on prevalence of anaemia and mean haemoglobin concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 70 Proportion (%) of population with haemoglobin below: Haemoglobin (g/l) Notes Mean SD Method Reference General Line N Adolescents by sex and age M B Adolescents by sex and age F Adolescents by sex and age M L 1997 Al-Dahya: NPW F NS B 1683 * Al-Dahya: Men M NS Al-Fayha: Pre-SAC by age B NS Al-Fayha: Pre-SAC by age B Gomana: SAC F NS N 1995 NPW: Total F C 3100 * 65 NPW by age F NPW by age F NPW by age F NPW by age F NPW by governorate: Capital F NPW by governorate: Hawalli F NPW by governorate: Ahmadi F NPW by governorate: Jahra F NPW by governorate: Farwania F N 1995 Pre-SAC: Total B A 4801 * 66 Pre-SAC by sex F Pre-SAC by sex M N PW: Total F A PW by gestational age: 1st trimester F PW by gestational age: 2nd trimester F PW by gestational age: 3rd trimester F PW by pregnancy number: 1 F PW by pregnancy number: >1 F N SAC by sex F A 2006 * 68 SAC by sex and age M SAC by sex and age M

4 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Anaemia The database on Anaemia includes data by country on prevalence of anaemia and mean haemoglobin concentration Last Updated: Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size Proportion (%) of population with haemoglobin below: Haemoglobin (g/l) Notes Mean SD Method Reference General Line R Areas: PW F NS 4929 * 69

5 NOTES Reference No: 1715 Facility based study (schools); same study as published in reference No. 2300, reference No Reference No: 2300 Line note 1 Line note 2 Line note 3 Line note 4 Line note 5 Line note 6 Line note 7 Line note 8 Line note 9 Line note 10 Line note 11 Line note 12 Line note 13 Line note 14 Line note 15 Line note 16 Line note 17 Line note 18 Reference No: 3623 Line note 19 Reference No: 4376 Facility based study (nursery, kindergarten, primary and secondary schools, Medical Council register); data on adolescent school age girls (14-23 yrs), see reference No. 1715; study on preschool age and adolescent school age girls also published in reference No 4685; sampling: design not explained, nursery, kindergarten, primary and secondary aged students were sampled in their schools and adults (19-45 yrs) from the Medical Council register; exclusion of sick subjects, pregnant women and subjects who had recently given or received blood. Employees; mean (SD) age 26.4 (5.4) yrs. Employees; mean (SD) age 26.0 (5.4) yrs. Prevalence value calculated; prevalence of anaemia 25.5% (Hb <110 g/l 2-4 yrs, Hb <115 g/l 5-6 yrs); nursery schools and kindergartens. Prevalence value calculated; mean (SD) age 7.5 (1.1) yrs; 52.9% males, 47.1% females; primary schools. Nursery schools. Nursery schools. Kindergartens. Kindergartens. Kindergartens. Prevalence of anaemia 19.3% (Hb <110 g/l 2-4 yrs, Hb <115 g/l 5 yrs). Prevalence of anaemia 22.8% (Hb <110 g/l 2-4 yrs, Hb <115 g/l 5 yrs). Prevalence of anaemia 27.8% (Hb <110 g/l 2-4 yrs, Hb <115 g/l 5 yrs). Prevalence of anaemia 23.3% (Hb <110 g/l 2-4 yrs, Hb <115 g/l 5 yrs). Prevalence of anaemia 22.8% (Hb <110 g/l 2-4 yrs, Hb <115 g/l 5 yrs). Facility based study (2 girls' high schools); location of survey provided by investigator; sampling: all girls in the selected schools were asked to participate, very few did not. Mean (SD) age 16.3 (1.5) yrs. Sampling: design not explained, data were collected on women and their children aged 2-23 months in five governorates; exclusion of subjects who were pregnant or suffering from chronic disease that could affect Hb levels and growth. Line note 20 Line note 21 Line note 22 Disaggregated data by age, feeding practices. Only mean Hb values. Only mean Hb values.

6 Reference No: 4375 Line note 23 Line note 24 Line note 25 Line note 26 Line note 27 Line note 28 Line note 29 Line note 30 Line note 31 Line note 32 Line note 33 Line note 34 Line note 35 Line note 36 Line note 37 Line note 38 Line note 39 Line note 40 Line note 41 Line note 42 Line note 43 Line note 44 Line note 45 Line note 46 Line note 47 Line note 48 Line note 49 Line note 50 Line note 51 Line note 52 Line note 53 Line note 54 Line note 55 Line note 56 Line note 57 Line note 58 Line note 59 Line note 60 Line note 61 Compiled data as part of the ongoing Kuwait Nutrition Surveillance Program of the Ministry of Health; dates of study provided by investigator; facility based study (clinics, kindergarten, primary and secondary schools, Medical Council register for job seekers, Public Authority for Social Security register for retirees); sampling: presumably all subjects who attended the facilities were included; exclusion of PW. Job seekers. Job seekers and retirees. Job seekers. Job seekers and retirees. Secondary schools; only mean Hb values. Secondary schools; only mean Hb values. Secondary schools; only mean Hb values. Secondary schools; only mean Hb values.

7 Line note 62 Line note 63 Line note 64 Reference No: 1683 Facility based study (paediatric immunization clinic, secondary school, Health council clinic); convenience sample not representative for Kuwaiti population. Reference No: 3100 Sampling: stratified random sample of 980 adult females taken from different Kuwait Governorates; age range and dates of survey adapted from reference No. 3101; exclusion of PW. Line note 65 Disaggregated data by education, body mass index, parity, tea drinking, food consumption, iron supplements. Reference No: 4801 Date of survey adapted from reference No. 4930; sampling: multistage stratified sample of 1280 (645 males, 635 females) Kuwaiti preschool children was taken to represent children in all governorates; Hb determination only for subsample (n=765); values for other Hb cut-off levels. Line note 66 Disaggregated data by birth order, family income, maternal education. Reference No: 1850 Line note 67 Disaggregated data by Kuwaiti, other Arab women. Reference No: 2006 Facility based study (Government schools). Line note 68 Hb cut-off level not according to WHO recommendations (please see 'Key to the data tables'); disaggregated data by age. Reference No: 4929 Facility based survey (Maternal Child Health centers) in six areas of different socioeconomic background (Fahaheel, Farwani, Jahra, Salmiya, Faieha, Daeyea); sampling: random sampling method. Line note PW aged yrs; 577 PW aged yrs; 185 PW aged yrs.

8 Reference 1683 Reference 1715 Reference 1850 Reference 2006 Reference 2300 Reference 3100 Reference 3623 Reference 4375 Reference 4376 Reference 4801 Reference 4929 R E F E R E N C E S Parvanta I. Preventing and controlling iron deficiency in Kuwait: short term consultancy; 1997 Mar 1-19; Kuwait [final report]. Kuwait, Ministry of Health, Nutrition Unit, Jackson RT, Al-Mousa Z. Iron deficiency is a more important cause of anemia than hemoglobinopathies in Kuwaiti adolescent girls. Journal of Nutrition, 2000, 130 : Dawood JS, Prakash P, Shubber KMR. Iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant Arab women in Kuwait. Journal of the Kuwait Medical Association, 1990, 24 : Eid N, Al-Hooti S, Bourisly N, Khalafawi M. Anaemia in school children: a preliminary study. Journal of the Kuwait Medical Association, 1986, 20 : Al-Mousa Z, Jackson RT, Al-Raqua M, Prakash P. The epidemiology of anaemia in Kuwait. Manama, In: Musaiger AO, ed. Micronutrient deficiencies and diet-related chronic diseases in the Arab Gulf countries. Bahrain Center for Studies and Research, Al-Awadi F, Amine EK, Goulam Z. Assessment of the nutritional status of vulnerable groups in Kuwait, part 4: anaemia among adult females in Kuwait. Kuwait, Ministry of Health, Food and Nutrition Administration, Al Mousa Z, Prakash P, Jackson RT, Al Raqua M. A comparison of selected nutrient intakes in anemic and nonanemic adolescent girls in Kuwait. Nutrition Research, 2003, 23 : Jackson RT, Al Hamad N, Al-Somaie M, Al Guoad N, Prakash P. Gender and age differences in anemia prevalence during the lifecycle in Kuwait. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 2004, 43 : Al-Haifi A, Huffman FG. Feeding practices influence weight and hemoglobin status in Kuwaiti infants. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 2004, 43 : Amine EK, Al-Awadi FA. Nutritional status survey of preschool children in Kuwait. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 1996, 2 : Al-Awadi F, Nowaid H, Kulbir, Hassan S. Nutritional status of Kuwaiti pregnant women. Kuwait, Ministry of Public Health, Al Sabah Hospital, Nutrition Department, 1976.

9 Reference 812 Reference 837 Reference 1821 Reference 1998 Reference 2048 Reference 2748 Reference 3101 Reference 3102 Reference 3103 Reference 3135 Reference 4116 Reference 4478 Reference 4685 Reference 4686 Reference 4930 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Ministry of Health. Country table for Kuwait: nutritional status and health related factors nutritionnel [personal communication] Ministry of Health, Community Nutrition Unit. Kuwait Nutrition Surveillance System. Kuwait, Ministry of Health, Abdul-Ghaffar NU, El-Sonbaty MR, Kumar R. Microcytosis: guidelines for family doctors. Tropical Doctor, 1996, 26 : Ministry of Health. Kuwait country paper. FAO/WHO International Conference on Nutrition; 1992 Dec; Rome, Italy. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Joint Secretariat, Luqman W, Iskander M, Newcombe T. Third-trimester hemoglobin, birth weight and postpartum glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Medical Principles and Practice, 1989, 1 : Al-Shawi AN. Nutrient intakes of university women in Kuwait. Journal of the Royal Society of Health, 1992, 112 : Jackson RT. Micronutrients: executive summary short term consultancy; 1999 Nov 12-26; Kuwait. Kuwait, Ministry of Health, Community Nutrition Unit, Eid N, Bourisly N. Bread consumption in Kuwait. Nutrition Reports International, 1986, 33 : Kamel BS, Martinez OB. Food habits and nutrient intake of Kuwaiti males and females. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1984, 15 : Ministry of Health. Toward a national plan for prevention and control of iron deficiency and its anemia [personal communication]. Kuwait, Ministry of Health, Diejomaoh FME, Abdulaziz A, Adekile AD. Anemia in pregnancy. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 1999, 65 : Jackson RT. Assessment of micronutrient deficiencies in Kuwait; 2003 Jun 15-Jul 15 [assignment report]. Cairo, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Jackson RT, Al-Mousa Z, Adekile AD, Mughal HA, Nkansa-Dwamena DK. The prevalence and etiology of anemia in Kuwaiti preschoolers and adolescents. Kuwait Medical Journal, 1999, 31 : Jackson RT, Al-Mousa Z, Al-Raqua M, Prakash P. Effect of short-term weekly iron and folic acid supplementation on anemia and symptoms in adolescent Kuwaiti girls. Kuwait Medical Journal, 2000, 35 : Al-Awadi F, Amine EK, Goulam Z. Assessment of the nutritional status of vulnerable groups in Kuwait, part 1: nutritional status survey of preschool children in Kuwait. Kuwait, Ministry of Health, Food and Nutrition Administration, 1995.

Proportion (%) of population with haemoglobin below: 1 Men: Total M NS NS 0.3 Children: Total B NS 6.8

Proportion (%) of population with haemoglobin below: 1 Men: Total M NS NS 0.3 Children: Total B NS 6.8 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Anaemia The database on Anaemia includes data by country on prevalence of anaemia and mean haemoglobin concentration Last