The Hip Joint. Exercises and Injuries

Transcription

1 The Hip Joint Exercises and Injuries

2 Pelvis Abnormalities To appreciate the abnormalities that may occur, picture a box around the pelvis. The two most common situations are: 1.the pelvis is tilted forward (anterior tilt); slightly rotate the box forward 2.one side of the pelvis is lower than the other (lateral tilt); slightly tip the box to one side. Each of these abnormalities has its own specific range of problems and sometimes both can occur.

3 How would weak hamstrings, and tight hip flexor muscles affect the lower back?

4 Anterior Tilt

5 Anterior Tilt

6 Anterior Tilt How can this excessive anterior tilt be corrected?

7 Anterior Tilt

8 Anterior Tilt Direction Injuries Cures Anterior Tilt 1.) Low back pain 2.) hamstring strain 3.) knee problems A) Abdominal muscle strengthening B) Stretching and strengthening of gluteal muscles, hip external rotators, hip flexors, and hamstrings

9 Lateral Tilt Which group of muscles would be stronger in the left leg with permanent left lateral tilt? Name the muscles Left Lateral Tilt

10 Lateral Tilt Contracting what group of muscles will limit the amount of left anterior tilt while walking? Name the muscles.

11 Direction Injuries Cures Lateral Tilt Lateral Tilt 1.) iliotibial band syndrome 2.) low back pain -- usually one sided 3.) adductor strains 4.) lateral hip pain A. Stretching and strengthening of hip adductors, abductors, extensors, and ext. rotator muscles. B. Others (look for leg length difference, overpronation in one foot, etc. and consider orthotics to correct.)

12 Exercises for the Hip Joint Good ExRx Qustionable Bodybuilding

13 Terminology Compound An exercise that involves two or more joint movements. Isolated An exercise that involves just one discernible joint movement.

14 Terminology Closed Chain An exercise in which the end segment of the exercised limb is fixed, or the end is supporting the weight. Most compound exercises are closed chain movements. Open Chain An exercise in which the end segment of the exercised limb is not fixed, or the end is not supporting the weight. Most isolated exercise are open chain movements.

15 Gluteus Maximus Compound/Isolated Open/Closed Squats C C Deadlift C C Lunge C O Step up C O Leg Press C O

16 Gluteus Maximus Squats

17 Gluteus Maximus Dead Lift

18 Gluteus Maximus Lunge

19 Gluteus Maximus Step Up

20 Gluteus Maximus Leg Press

21 Hip Abductors/Adductors Compound/Isolated Open/Closed Cable I O Seated I O Lever I O

22 Hip Abductors Cable

23 Hip Abductors Seated

24 Hip Abductors Lever

25 Hip Adductors Seated

26 Hip Adductors Lever

27 Hip Flexors Compound/Isolated Open/Closed Leg I O Raise Lever I O

28 Hip Flexors Leg Raise

29 Hip Flexors Lever

30 Stretching Opposite action of the muscle For example, to stretch a hip extensor muscle, perform hip flexion.

31 Gluteus Maximus - Stretching

32 Abductors - Stretching

33 Abductors (IT Band) - Stretching

34 Hip Flexors - Stretching

35 HIP INJURIES

36 GROIN INJURIES

37 Pathology Twisting, running, jumping Muscles most often involved: Adductor longus Iliopsoas Gracilis Sartorius

38 HIP POINTER A hip pointer is a contusion to the iliac crest, the surrounding soft tissue structures, or the greater trochanter of the femur. Typically, the injury is caused by a direct blow or fall. Hip pointer injuries occur most commonly in contact sports (eg, football, hockey), but they can also occur in noncontact sports (eg, volleyball) as a result of a fall onto the hip or side. Pain and tenderness in this region can limit an athlete's participation in sports.

39 Hip Pointer

40 HIP DISLOCATION

41 Dislocation Any traumatic hip dislocation requires immediate treatment, ideally within six hours or less. This is because a traumatic hip dislocation interrupts the normal blood circulation to the top of the femur, depriving the bone of its vital oxygen supply. Unless the dislocated hip is reduced (replaced in its socket) promptly, and normal circulation is restored within the hip joint, there can be permanent damage to the head of the femur. This permanent damage is called avascular necrosis.

42 Dislocation January 13, 1991, Bo Jackson partially dislocated his hip, tearing the blood vessels to the neck and head of the femur. X-rays revealed a small fracture to the posterior of the hip socket. Four weeks later, scans of the joint showed the beginning of vascular necrosis, in which the bone cells die because of deficient blood supply, and chondrolysis, in which cartilage degenerates. Eventually Jackson would require a total hip replacement which relieves him of pain and allows him full range of motion.

43 HIP REPLACEMENT SURGERY

44 Causes 1. Osteoarthritis is perhaps the most common cause for hip replacement surgery. 2. Avascular necrosis is another cause of degeneration of the hip joint.

45 Causes 3. Abnormalities of hip joint function resulting from fractures of the hip and some types of hip conditions that appear in childhood can also lead to degeneration many years after an injury.

46 Surgery

47 Parts Acetabular component metal shell with plastic inner socket Femoral component metal stem with a metal or ceramic head

48 Types Cemented epoxy cement holds metal to bone

49 Types Uncemented mesh allows bone to grow into the prothesis

50 Operation

51 Removing the femoral head Dislocate the hip joint Cut femoral neck with power saw

52 Reaming the Acetabulum Power drill and special reamer remove the cartilage Bone is formed to fit the metal shell

53 Inserting the Acetabular Component Cemented Uncemented

54 Preparing Femoral Canal

55 Inserting the Femoral Stem

56 Attaching the Femoral Head

57 Completed