Understanding PTSD In Student Veterans: Practical Guidance for the Classroom Setting

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1 Understanding PTSD In Student Veterans: Practical Guidance for the Classroom Setting Shannon Kostuck, LCSW Clinical Social Worker William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital VITAL Program for Academic Leadership

2 Educational Stats of Veterans by Gender 2

3 Student Veterans 45.6% report significant symptoms of PTSD 23.7% report severe depression 46% report presence of suicidal thoughts 3 WACRAO/WASFAA JOINT CONFERENCE Milwaukee, WI November 2-4, 2016

4 What is PTSD?? Cluster of symptoms that follow exposure to a potentially traumatic event Marked by clear cognitive, behavioral, and physiologic changes Can be chronic if untreated and greatly affects quality of life NOT a sign of weakness, lack of resiliency, or lack of preparation

5 Example: Combat Exposure in Iraq Seeing Dead Bodies/Remains Shot At/Receiving Small Arms Fire Being Attacked/Ambushed Receiving Artillery, Rocket, Mortar Fire Knowing Someone Killed/Ser. Injured Clearing/Searching Homes Shooting/Directing Fire at Enemy Ill/Injured Women/Child Couldn't Help Seeing Dead/Serious Inj. Americans Handling/Uncovering Human Remains Resp. for Death of Enemy Combatant Participating in Demining Ops Buddy Shot/Hit Near You Engaged in Hand-to-Hand Combat Saved Soldier/Civilian Life Being Wounded or Injured Responsible for Noncombatant Death Close Call/Hit but Saved by Gear 22% 22% 21% 14% 14% 8% 38% 50% 48% 95% 93% 89% 86% 86% 80% 77% 69% 65% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Hoge, et al, 2004, NEJM 5 WACRAO/WASFAA JOINT CONFERENCE Milwaukee, WI November 2-4, 2016

6 Four Main Types of PTSD Symptoms Re-experiencing: Intrusive thoughts or memories about the trauma Nightmares Flashback Distress when reminded of the event (5 senses) Physiological reactions 6 WACRAO/WASFAA JOINT CONFERENCE Milwaukee, WI November 2-4, 2016

7 Four Main Types of PTSD Symptoms Avoidance: Avoidance of trauma-related thoughts, feelings, or conversations Uncontrolled conversation topics Avoidance of trauma-related places, people, or activities Crowded area Limited exit options Unknown/unfamiliar people Places were scanning for danger is restricted 7 WACRAO/WASFAA JOINT CONFERENCE Milwaukee, WI November 2-4, 2016

8 Four Main Types of PTSD Symptoms Arousal Symptoms Impaired sleep Irritability or outbursts of anger Difficulty concentrating/focusing Hypervigilance Feeling jumpy or easily startled 8 WACRAO/WASFAA JOINT CONFERENCE Milwaukee, WI November 2-4, 2016

9 Four Main Types of PTSD Symptoms Negative alterations in thoughts and mood: Difficulty remembering aspects of event Exaggerated beliefs or expectations about self, others, or the world ( No one can be trusted ) Loss of interest in past enjoyable experiences Feeling detached or cut-off from others Emotional numbness 9 WACRAO/WASFAA JOINT CONFERENCE Milwaukee, WI November 2-4, 2016

10 Natural Recovery vs PTSD 10 WACRAO/WASFAA JOINT CONFERENCE Milwaukee, WI November 2-4, 2016

11 Psychological Processes Involved in Maintenance of Symptoms of PTSD 11 WACRAO/WASFAA JOINT CONFERENCE Milwaukee, WI November 2-4, 2016

12 Important Considerations Post-traumatic stress symptoms fall on a continuum Accommodations may not be necessary or welcomed Mental Health stigma is significant within military populations Student Veterans with PTSD are taking charge of their recovery by simply attending school 12 WACRAO/WASFAA JOINT CONFERENCE Milwaukee, WI November 2-4, 2016

13 Supporting Student Veterans In Higher Education 13 WACRAO/WASFAA JOINT CONFERENCE Milwaukee, WI November 2-4, 2016

14 14

15 Initial Meeting Consider, but do not assume. As Faculty/Staff of Institution: Consider your thoughts and emotions related to Veteransespecially Women Veterans Consider your attitudes and beliefs about foreign policy and people who serve in the military Consider your comfort level in teaching students who have been in the military Consider your comfort level teaching students with physical and mental health challenges Consider that students have different experiences and views Be aware of challenges facing Women Veterans Ask Questions- Do not pretend like you know. 15

16 Best Practices in the Classroom Consider obstacles and be as flexible as possible. Both In and Out of the Classroom Cast a Wide Net Meet the needs of an array of students Make information available in different formats Anticipate different learning styles Be Flexible Let students sit where they want Group work may be difficult Provide quiet space and extra time for exams Have a variety of office hours 16

17 When to Reach Out to the Student Be aware, notice. Early Signs may include changes in : Behavior Appearance Performance Warning Signs may include: Hopelessness about the future Difficulty concentrating or making decisions Jumpiness, constant alertness Troubling memories, dreams or flashbacks Self-blame or withdrawal Insomnia Increase drug/alcohol usage or eating Feeling nervous, helpless, fearful, or numb Irritability or agitation 17

18 Approaching Students Individually Show interest but let them take the lead. Conversation Starters I ve noticed Are you a Veteran? The Thank you issue: Its different for everyone. It may be best to say, I respect what you ve been through and I m glad you re here. It may be helpful to both of you to ask about their job while in the military and where they went. Avoid Pressuring about specifics Minimizing challenges they might face Making assumptions about political views Singling them out without permission Show interest but don t be pushy. 18

19 Steps to Avoid NEVER ask a veteran if they have killed or how many people a veteran may have killed. NEVER force a veteran to share their experiences if they do not want to. NEVER assume that a veteran has PTSD and if they do NEVER treat them differently. Make yourself available should they need help but don t force yourself on them.

20 20 WACRAO/WASFAA JOINT CONFERENCE Milwaukee, WI November 2-4, 2016

21 PTSD Resources

22 Thank you! Should you have any additional questions or concerns please feel free to contact: Shannon Kostuck, LCSW Clinical Social Worker VITAL Program for Academic Leadership

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