Longitudinal Studies of Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Rotavirus in Stools and Sera of Children following Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
|
|
- Valentine Collins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, Nov. 1998, p Vol. 5, No X/98/$ Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Longitudinal Studies of Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Rotavirus in Stools and Sera of Children following Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis BARBARA S. COULSON* Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The Royal Children s Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia Received 23 April 1998/Returned for modification 21 July 1998/Accepted 10 August 1998 Rotavirus-neutralizing antibody responses in sera and stools of children hospitalized with rotavirus gastroenteritis and then monitored longitudinally were optimally detected by using local rotavirus strains. Stool responses were highest on days 5 to 8 after the onset of diarrhea. Longitudinal monitoring suggested that serum neutralizing antibody responses were a more useful measure of severely symptomatic rotavirus infection than stool responses but that stool antibody responses may be a useful measure of rotavirus immunity. Rotaviruses are recognized as the major cause of severe acute infantile gastroenteritis. Based on the viral outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7, which independently elicit virus-neutralizing, protective antibodies, a dual serotyping system for rotavirus has been adopted. VP4 genotypes, which were identified on the basis of sequence differences and which, when tested, correlate with serotypes, have also been designated. Human rotaviruses contain at least eight VP4 (P) genotypes and at least nine VP7 (G) serotypes, the most common of which are P[4], [6], and [8] and G1 to 4. Immunity to rotavirus infection in children has been shown to correlate with serum (15) and intestinal or stool antibodies (5) to rotavirus, but titers of serotype-specific, heterotypic, and neutralizing serum antibodies and isotype-specific antibodies in serum and intestine or stools cannot be used reliably as markers of protection against subsequent illness (15). The contribution of neutralizing coproantibodies (fecal antibodies) to immunity in children requires more study, particularly as serological immune correlates of protection have not been identified for design and evaluation of effective rotavirus vaccines, and intestinal antibody responses have not yet been measured during vaccine trials (16). Intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) to rotavirus has been shown to be the most-sensitive marker of rotavirus infection (6), and fecal antirotaviral IgA levels can be used to predict the presence of duodenal IgA (14). Fecal IgA coproconversions correlate with fecal rotavirus-neutralizing antibody conversions (8). Coproconversions in rotavirus-neutralizing IgA are more-sensitive indicators of rotavirus infection and reinfection than seroconversion in IgG, IgM, IgA, or neutralizing antibodies, and persistent elevations in stool rotavirus-neutralizing IgA (termed coproiga plateaus) correlate with protection against reinfection and symptomatic illness in young children (5). In a small number of children, the serotype specificity of the stool rotavirus-neutralizing IgA responses has been studied (6, 8). However, it is not known whether the P or G serotype specificity of these responses parallels the specificity of the rotavirus-neutralizing responses in serum following severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and rotavirus reinfection. The duration * Mailing address: Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia. Phone: Fax: b.coulson@microbiology.unimelb.edu.au. 897 of neutralizing coproantibody excretion in stools following rotavirus infection is not known either. The aim of this study was to compare the nature and duration of rotavirus-neutralizing antibody responses in sera and stools of children during the acute and convalescent phases of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and during at least 5 months of longitudinal monitoring thereafter. The children studied were admitted to the infectious diseases ward of the Royal Children s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, between April 1984 and September 1985 with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis diagnosed on clinical grounds and in the laboratory by the presence of rotavirus by electron microscopic examination of stool extracts and/or by the presence of viral antigen in stools detected by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The 15 children studied, 2 to 39 months old at recruitment, were a subset of the 44 children recruited at this time for longitudinal study of rotavirus infection and immune responses. This subset was selected from the first 24 children from whom complete sets of samples were obtained and was chosen to contain similar numbers of children infected with G1 and G4 rotavirus. The clinical, demographic, and laboratory findings for these 44 children have already been described (5, 6, 14). Prior to enrollment, parents were provided with a detailed explanation of the study (including the need to obtain blood samples from the infants), and they gave their signed consent. The study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the Royal Children s Hospital. Titers of neutralizing antibody were measured in sera collected in the acute and convalescent phases and at 4-month intervals post-onset of diarrhea, in fecal specimens collected daily while the child was in the hospital, and in stools collected at 7- to 10-day intervals for 219 to 721 days from the onset of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. Stools collected by parents at home were stored frozen at 4 C for up to 1 month before transport to the Royal Children s Hospital (14). Feces and sera were stored at 70 C until tested. Rotavirus-neutralizing antibodies were measured by fluorescent focus reduction neutralization assay (FFN) with MA104 cells as described previously (6, 8). Samples were titrated against cell culture-adapted human rotavirus strains RV-4, Wa and Ku (P[8], G1), (), (), ST-3 (), and VA70 (P[8], G4). RV-4 and were isolated from stools of Melbourne children with rotavirus gastroenteritis, whereas was obtained from an asymptomatically infected Melbourne neonate (). Strains Wa, Ku, and VA70 were obtained from chil-
2 898 NOTES CLIN. DIAGN. LAB. IMMUNOL. TABLE 1. Neutralizing antibody responses to human rotaviruses (G types 1 to 4) in acute-phase and convalescent-phase sera and stools in 15 children with acute severe gastroenteritis caused by known virus serotypes and monotypes Infecting serotype and monotype a Sample Patient no. b (age in mo) Day(s) stools collected c P[8], G1a RV-4 P[8], G1a/c Wa FFN response to indicated virus P[8], G1c Ku ST-3 G1a P[8] Serum 21 d (2) c e f c c Stools 9, 16, 23 c c G1c Serum 12 (3) g ND h Stools 8, 11 G1c Serum 14 (10) c c c Stools 5, 9, 11 G1a Serum 23 (11) c ND Stools 8, 12, 15 G1c Serum 31 (16) c c ND Stools 4, 5, 6 c c c G1c Serum 1 (21) c c c c c c ND Stools 9, 15, 22 G1c P[8] Serum 33 (23) c c c c ND Stools 3, 6, 7, 9 c c c G1a Serum 9 d (27) c c c c ND Stools 2, 5 9 c c ND c c c ND G1c Serum 15 (39) c c c c c ND Stools 4 G4 P[8] Serum 27 (12) c c c c Stools 7, 8, 15 ND ND G4 Serum 2 (20) c c c c c c Stools 15, 22, 28 ND G4 Serum 17 (21) c c c c c c c Stools 9 c c c c ND G4 P[8] Serum 24 (24) c c c c c c c Stools 4 8 c c c c c c c G4 P[8] Serum 4 d (24) c c c c c Stools 13, 20 c G4 Serum 36 (24) c Stools 4, 5 c P[8], G4 VA70 a Monotypes are indicated with the letters a and c. b Patients and their numbers correspond to those studied previously (4). c All stools collected in the first 28 days after onset of symptoms were tested. Only those with positive FFN titers are shown, except when no stool showed an FFN-positive result. d All acute-phase serum FFN titers were negative ( 200). e c, FFN antibody conversion (increase in FFN titers by at least fourfold). f, FFN titer of 200. g, FFN antibody present at stationary or reducing titers or FFN titer between 200 and 800. h ND, not done. dren hospitalized with gastroenteritis in the United States, Japan, and Italy, respectively. ST-3 was isolated from an asymptomatically infected neonate in the United Kingdom. The origins and sources of these rotaviruses have been reported previously (3, 7, 9). All virus strains were propagated in MA104 cells in the presence of trypsin (9). Fourfold dilutions of sera, starting at 1:100, were incubated with each trypsinactivated, cultivated rotavirus strain. The neutralization titer of each sample was expressed as the reciprocal dilution giving 50% reduction in the number of fluorescing cells. Fecal extracts (n 40) containing no antirotaviral IgA, IgM, or IgG by EIA all gave reciprocal titers of 200 by FFN. Stool samples with titers of 200 were therefore considered to be negative for neutralizing antibody to the rotavirus strain tested. An immune conversion in neutralizing antibody in sera or stools was considered to be a fourfold increase in reciprocal titer to at least 400 (6). Stool rotavirus antigen, VP7 serotypes, and VP7 monotypes (classified on the basis of antigenic variation within a VP7 serotype) were determined with rotavirus-specific monoclonal
3 VOL. 5, 1998 NOTES 899 TABLE 2. Geometric mean FFN titers to rotavirus in acute-phase and convalescent-phase sera and stools collected from children infected with G1 or G4 rotavirus Sample type and patient group a GMT to indicated virus (no. of samples tested if more than one) RV-4 Wa Ku ST-3 VA70 b G1 serum A 274 c 397 d 247 e c 100 C 2,576 1,125 c 1, f 1,026 G1 stool A 795 (9) 189 (9) 203 (9) 153 (9) 378 (9) 133 (9) 197 (9) C 133 (9) 100 (8) 100 (7) 100 (8) 133 (8) 100 (8) 100 (8) G4 serum A 148 c 119 d 100 e c 548 C 2, c ,714 f 1,897 G4 stool A 827 (6) 245 (6) 383 (6) 233 (6) 790 (6) 284 (5) 195 (5) C 224 (4) 100 (4) 136 (4) 100 (4) 316 (4) 126 (3) 134 (3) a A, acute phase; C, convalescent phase. Acute-phase and convalescent-phase stools were collected days 2 to 17 and 17 to 28 post onset of diarrhea, respectively. b Titers were not statistically analyzed for VA70, as stools from only two patients in the G1 group were tested. For all other viruses, all nine patients in the G1 group and all six patients in the G4 group were tested. c No significant differences in serum titer to the given rotavirus strain between the G1 and G4 groups of children (P 0.05 by Student s t test). d P is by Student s t test. e P is by Student s t test. f P is 0.05 by Student s t test. antibodies in antigen-capture EIAs as described previously (4, 10). For a few patients, sufficient stool sample was available for determination of VP4 genotype by reverse transcription-pcr amplification of viral RNA with nested primers (11). VP4 (P) genotypes were determined to confirm that they corresponded to the genotype expected of G1 and G4 rotaviruses causing gastroenteritis in children, i.e., P[8]. All genotypes were P[8] and are listed in Table 1. All children infected with either G1 or G4 rotavirus showed serum neutralizing antibody responses to G1 and G4 rotaviruses (Table 1). Compared with serum responses, neutralizing antibody was found less often in stools, and fewer children showed antibody conversions to fewer rotavirus strains. All of the children with any detectable stool antibody response (80%) produced neutralizing antibody to G1 rotavirus RV-4. A broadening of these responses to include additional virus serotypes and strains was observed with increased age of the children at the time of illness. For example, only one child aged 12 months or less had serum neutralizing antibody to the P[4], G2 virus, and none had antibodies neutralizing the P[6], G3 virus. Nine of the ten children aged 16 to 39 months had serum antibody to at least one of these two heterotypic viruses. Most children seroconverted and coproconverted (or showed positive coproantibody levels) to P[8], G1 rotavirus(es). Many showed seroconversion to P[6] or [8], G4 rotaviruses (80%) and coproconversion to virus (67%) and P[6] or P[8], G4 viruses (47%). Fewer children seroconverted to the and strains (33%) or coproconverted to virus (13%). As neutralizing antibody titers of children infected with G1a and G1c virus strains were similar, comparisons of the geometric mean titers (GMT) of serum and fecal neutralizing antibody in children infected with G1 or G4 rotavirus could be made (Table 2). The GMT to G1 and G4 viruses in convalescent-phase sera were at least twice the GMT to and viruses. Titers to G1 viruses Wa and Ku were significantly higher in acute-phase sera in G1 than G4 rotavirus infections, whereas G4 infections stimulated significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibody to ST-3 than did G1 infections. The highest GMT of serum neutralizing antibody were directed to local P[8], G1 virus RV-4, followed by P[8], G1 viruses Ku and Wa, in the case of P[8], G1-infected children, and by P[8], G4 virus in the case of P[8], G4 virusinfected children. The children infected with G4 rotavirus showed slightly higher GMT of neutralizing coproantibodies to all strains tested than did the G1 virus-infected children, although these differences were not significant. The highest titers observed were to the local P[8], G1 virus RV-4 and the local virus,, irrespective of the infecting rotavirus serotype. These results show that during the acute and convalescent phases of severe primary G1 or G4 rotavirus gastroenteritis, neutralizing antibody responses were directed to viruses of the infecting G type in both serum and stools. However, significant responses were also directed to G1 viruses, in the case of G4-infected children, and G4 viruses, in the case of G1-infected children, as has been reported previously for serum responses alone (12). Thus, the responses in serum and stools during and following primary P[8], G1 and P[8], G4 rotavirus gastroenteritis were heterotypic for P and G serotypes and G monotypes and similar between sites. The duration of excretion of virus-neutralizing coproantibodies after severe rotavirus gastroenteritis was determined for the first time in this study. As shown in Fig. 1, stools collected between 5 and 8 days after the onset of diarrhea were the most likely to contain neutralizing coproantibodies (70%). In contrast, only 31 (56%) of those collected on days 9 to 16 contained neutralizing coproantibody and 6 (26%) of stools collected on days 17 to 28 contained this antibody. Thus, in vaccine trials and further studies of natural infection, more limited acute- and convalescent-phase stool sampling than was done here is still likely to be informative. The FFN coproantibody and serum antibody profiles of the children followed from 120 days to at least 391 days post-onset of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis are presented in Tables 3
4 900 NOTES CLIN. DIAGN. LAB. IMMUNOL. FIG. 1. Frequency of detection of rotavirus-neutralizing antibodies in stools relative to the timing of stool collection after the onset of rotavirus gastroenteritis. Patient no. a (G type of infecting virus) and 4. As assessed by seroconversion in antirotaviral IgG, IgA, and IgM and neutralizing antibodies, coproconversion in IgA and neutralizing antibodies, and rotaviral antigen excretion in stools, these children had one to four rotavirus reinfections during this period (5, 6). All sera collected 120 days after onset contained neutralizing antibodies to P[8], G1 virus Wa, and most contained antibodies able to neutralize,, and rotaviruses (Table 4). In the children originally infected with G1 rotavirus, a higher percentage of sera (78%) than stools (10%) contained G4-neutralizing antibody. Children with P[8], G1 or P[8], G4 virus as the cause of their severe gastroenteritis showed similar percentages of stools containing P[8], G1,, and -neutralizing antibodies. However, children with severe gastroenteritis caused by P[8], G4 rotavirus showed a significantly higher proportion of stools (74%) containing (ST-3)-neutralizing antibody (P 0.01) than did children initially enrolled with P[8], G1 virus-associated gastroenteritis (10%). The prevailing rotavirus serotypes during this period in this population were G1 (common) and G4 (rare) in the first year and G1 in the second year (2). Thus, although it was not possible to type the reinfecting virus, the children monitored longitudinally were likely to have been reinfected with G1 rotavirus. This suggests that the concept of original antigenic sin, whereby prior exposure to one influenza virus strain is able to divert the antibody response to a second challenging virus strain to focus on the shared (cross-reactive) epitopes (13), may apply to the rotavirus-neutralizing coproantibody responses of these children. Further studies of these antibodies during natural infection and in vaccine trials are needed to resolve this question. As was seen in stools collected within 28 days of the onset of severe gastroenteritis (Table 1), stools collected at least 120 TABLE 3. Frequency of detection of rotavirus-neutralizing antibodies in stools collected from the study children 120 days after the onset of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis No. of stools tested Period studied (days postonset) RV-4 P[8], G1a Stools containing neutralizing antibody to indicated virus (%) Wa P[8], G1a/c Ku P[8], G1c ST-3 b 21 (1) ND 12 (1) ND 14 (1) (1) ND 33 (1) ND 37 (1) ND VA70 P[8], G4 Total (1) 164 All c ND 27 (4) (4) (4) (4) Total (4) 53 All a Patients ages at onset are listed in Table 1. Patient 37 was infected with G serotype 1b rotavirus at 15 months of age. b P is 0.01 by t test, for proportions of stools containing ST-3 neutralizing antibodies, in G1 and G4 virus-infected children. c All, summation of all the periods studied.
5 VOL. 5, 1998 NOTES 901 TABLE 4. Serological neutralizing antibody responses to rotavirus 120 days after onset of severe gastroenteritis Patient no. (G serotype of infecting virus) No. of serum samples tested Period studied (days postonset) Sera containing neutralizing antibody to indicated virus (%) a ST-3 21 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (4) a One hundred percent of sera for the patient numbers and G serotypes indicated contained neutralizing antibody to the Wa P[8], G1 virus. days after the onset of severe rotavirus diarrhea contained neutralizing antibody to the local neonatal G3P[6] rotavirus as often as antibody directed to the homologous serotype (G1 or G4) (Table 3). In contrast, the most frequently detected antibodies in sera collected at least 120 days after the onset of severe rotavirus diarrhea were directed to virus of the infecting serotype (Table 4). In a previous study of children in this population, we showed nonspecific neutralization of by a maximum of 7% of stool extracts tested (8), so it is likely that at least 93% of responses to in this study were specific. These children may have been infected with this virus as neonates (2), made no lasting serum rotavirus-neutralizing antibody response to, and remained susceptible to severe disease. Neonatal infection with -like rotaviruses has been shown to be protective against later severe rotavirus gastroenteritis but not against reinfection (1). However, neutralizing antirotaviral antibodies were not measured in that study. Alternatively, the neutralizing coproantibody responses in these children may have been directed to epitopes on VP7 or VP4 which are shared with (9), whereas serum FFN responses might not include these epitopes. Differences like this in FFN responses to rotavirus between stools and sera may help explain serotype-specific immunity in the absence of typespecific neutralizing antibody in serum (16) and need further study. FFN responses in sera and stools to the local virus RV-4 were of a higher level and were more frequent than those to the U.S. strain, Wa, and the Japanese isolate, Ku, irrespective of monotype of infecting or test virus. Similarly, as discussed above, stool FFN responses to local virus were frequent and of a high level. Thus, local rotavirus isolates may be needed to give the most-sensitive measures of rotavirus-neutralizing antibodies in both sera and secretions. Overall, this study shows that serum neutralizing antibody responses appear to be a more useful measure of severely symptomatic rotavirus infection than stool responses, but these serum responses did not correlate with immunity to rotavirus in previous studies with nonlocal virus strains. Use of local strains in neutralization assays may help identify immune correlates of protection in vaccine trials. I thank Ruth Bishop for her help in selection of the children s samples for testing, Paul Mascendycz and Leanne Unicomb for their assistance with virus neutralization assays, Simone Richardson and Rebecca Gorrell for performing P genotype analysis, Ian H. Holmes for helpful discussion, and Jane Lee for her help in typing the manuscript. This study was supported by project grants , , and from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and by the Royal Children s Hospital Research Foundation. REFERENCES 1. Bishop, R. F., G. L. Barnes, E. Cipriani, and J. S. Lund Clinical immunity after neonatal rotavirus infection. A prospective longitudinal study in young children. N. Engl. J. Med. 309: Bishop, R. F., L. E. Unicomb, and G. L. Barnes Epidemiology of rotavirus serotypes in Melbourne, Australia, from 1973 to J. Clin. Microbiol. 29: Coulson, B. S Typing of human rotavirus VP4 by an enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31: Coulson, B. S Variation in neutralization epitopes of human rotaviruses in relation to genomic RNA polymorphism. Virology 159: Coulson, B. S., K. Grimwood, I. L. Hudson, G. L. Barnes, and R. F. Bishop Role of coproantibody in clinical protection of children during reinfection with rotavirus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30: Coulson, B. S., K. Grimwood, P. J. Masendycz, J. S. Lund, N. Mermelstein, R. F. Bishop, and G. L. Barnes Comparison of rotavirus immunoglobulin A coproconversion with other indices of rotavirus infection in a longitudinal study in childhood. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28: Coulson, B. S., and C. Kirkwood Relation of VP7 amino acid sequence to monoclonal antibody neutralization of rotavirus and rotavirus monotype. J. Virol. 65: Coulson, B. S., and P. J. Masendycz Measurement of rotavirusneutralizing coproantibody in children by fluorescent focus reduction assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28: Coulson, B. S., J. M. Tursi, W. J. McAdam, and R. F. Bishop Derivation of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to human rotaviruses and evidence that an immunodominant neutralization site is shared between serotypes 1 and 3. Virology 154: Coulson, B. S., L. E. Unicomb, G. A. Pitson, and R. F. Bishop Simple and specific enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies for serotyping human rotaviruses. J. Clin. Microbiol. 25: Gentsch, J. R., R. I. Glass, P. Woods, V. Gouvea, M. Gorziglia, J. Flores, B. K. Das, and M. K. Bhan Identification of group A rotavirus gene 4 types by polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30: Gerna, G., A. Sarasini, M. Torsellini, D. Torre, M. Parea, and M. Battaglia Group- and type-specific serologic response in infants and children with primary rotavirus infections and gastroenteritis caused by a strain of known serotype. J. Infect. Dis. 161: Good, M. F., Y. Zevering, J. Currier, and J. Bilsborough Original antigenic sin, T cell memory, and malaria sporozoite immunity: an hypothesis for immune evasion. Parasite Immunol. 15: Grimwood, K., J. C. Lund, B. S. Coulson, I. L. Hudson, R. F. Bishop, and G. L. Barnes Comparison of serum and mucosal antibody responses following severe acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in young children. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26: Ward, R. L Mechanisms of protection against rotavirus in humans and mice. J. Infect. Dis. 174(Suppl. 1):S51 S Ward, R. L., D. R. Knowlton, E. T. Zito, B. L. Davidson, R. Rappaport, and M. E. Mack, for the U.S. Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group Serologic correlates of immunity in a tetravalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine trial. J. Infect. Dis. 176:
Production of Reassortant Viruses Containing Human Rotavirus VP4 and SA11 VP7 for Measuring Neutralizing Antibody following Natural Infection
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, Sept. 1997, p. 509 514 Vol. 4, No. 5 1071-412X/97/$04.00 0 Copyright 1997, American Society for Microbiology Production of Reassortant Viruses Containing
More informationComparison of Enzyme Immunoassay, PCR, and Type-Specific cdna Probe Techniques for Identification of Group A Rotavirus Gene 4 Types (P types)
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 1997, p. 3104 3108 Vol. 35, No. 12 0095-1137/97/$04.00 0 Copyright 1997, American Society for Microbiology Comparison of Enzyme Immunoassay, PCR, and Type-Specific
More informationIdentification of Two Subtypes of Serotype 4 Human Rotavirus by
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, JUlY 1988, P. 1388-1392 Vol. 26, No. 7 0095-1137/88/071388-05$02.00/0 Copyright 1988, American Society for Microbiology Identification of Two Subtypes of Serotype 4 Human
More informationGastroenteritis and viral infections
Gastroenteritis and viral infections A Large number of viruses are found in the human gut; these include some that are associated with gastroenteritis Rotaviruses Adenoviruses 40/41 Caliciviruses Norwalk-like
More informationViruse associated gastrointestinal infection
Viruse associated gastrointestinal infection Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Rotaviruses Rotaviruses are a major cause of diarrheal illness in human (infants), and young animals, including calves and piglets. Infections
More informationVIRAL AGENTS CAUSING GASTROENTERITIS
VIRAL AGENTS CAUSING GASTROENTERITIS VIRAL AGENTS CAUSING GASTROENTERITIS Pathogens discussed in our lectures 1. Rotavirus 2. Enteric adenoviruses 3. Caliciviruses 4. Astroviruses 5. Toroviruses Viruses
More informationReceived 10 November 1997/Returned for modification 6 January 1998/Accepted 23 February 1998
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, May 1998, p. 328 334 Vol. 5, No. 3 1071-412X/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology Serotype Specificity of the Neutralizing-Antibody
More informationViral Agents of Paediatric Gastroenteritis
Viral Agents of Paediatric Gastroenteritis Dr Carl Kirkwood -------------------- Enteric Virus Research Group Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children s Hospital Victoria. WHO Collaborating
More informationNational Institute of Virology
National Institute of Virology Rotavirus 1. Epidemiological studies on rotaviruses 83 Pediatric cases 83 Adolescent and adult cases 84 Rotaviral antibodies present in Indian mothers 84 Rotavirus symptomatic/
More informationCompetition Binding Assay
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1992, p. 74-711 95-1137/92/374-8$2./ Copyright 1992, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 3, No. 3 Comparisons of Rotavirus VP7-Typing Monoclonal Antibodies by
More informationExperience of Pentavalent Human-bovine Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccine Among Healthy Infants in Taiwan
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Experience of Pentavalent Human-bovine Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccine Among Healthy Infants in Taiwan Chien-Chih Chang, 1 Mei-Hwei Chang, 1 * Tzou-Yen Lin, 2 Hong-Chang Lee, 3 Wu-Shiun
More informationPrevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies against Different Rotavirus Serotypes in Children with Severe Rotavirus-Induced Diarrhea and Their Mothers
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, Jan. 2004, p. 186 194 Vol. 11, No. 1 1071-412X/04/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.11.1.186 194.2004 Copyright 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights
More informationSerum Antibody Responses in Children with Rotavirus Diarrhea Can Serve as Proxy for Protection
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, Feb. 2005, p. 273 279 Vol. 12, No. 2 1071-412X/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/cdli.12.2.273 279.2005 Copyright 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights
More informationAnalysis of Host Range Restriction Determinants in the Rabbit Model: Comparison of Homologous and Heterologous Rotavirus Infections
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Mar. 1998, p. 2341 2351 Vol. 72, No. 3 0022-538X/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology Analysis of Host Range Restriction Determinants in the Rabbit Model:
More informationParkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. protein VP4, and the letter G is used to denote the glycoprotein
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 1993, p. 377-385 0095-1137/93/020377-09$02.00/0 Vol. 31, No. 2 Analysis of Homotypic and Heterotypic Serum Immune Responses to Rotavirus Proteins Following Primary
More informationComparison of Serum and Mucosal Antibody Responses Following
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 1988, p. 732-738 0095-1137/88/040732-07$02.00/0 Copyright 1988, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 26, No. 4 Comparison of Serum and Mucosal Antibody Responses
More informationTraining in Infectious Diseases Modeling. A reflection on vaccination as a disease control measure
Training in Infectious Diseases Modeling A reflection on vaccination as a disease control measure -Example of Rotavirus disease- Participant s Guide Adapted by Nathalie Elomeiri; Camelia Savulescu; Fernando
More informationNeutralization Epitopes on VP4 and VP7 after Rotavirus Infection or Vaccination
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1991, p. 483-487 0095-1137/91/030483-05$02.00/0 Copyright X3 1991, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 29, No. 3 Antibody Response to Serotype-Specific and Cross-Reactive
More informationACADEMIA NACIONAL TOMO LV DE AGRONOMIA Y VETERINARIA ISSN
ACADEMIA NACIONAL TOMO LV DE AGRONOMIA Y VETERINARIA ISSN 0327-8093 BUENOS AIRES REPUBLICA ARGENTINA -Seminario- Rotavirus Animales y Humanos Ohio (USA) State University, Lab. Gastroenteritis Virales -
More informationDiagnostic Methods of HBV and HDV infections
Diagnostic Methods of HBV and HDV infections Zohreh Sharifi,ph.D Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine Hepatitis B-laboratory diagnosis Detection
More informationDevelopment of Neutralizing Antibodies and Group A Common Antibodies against Natural Infections with Human Rotavirus
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug 1988, p 1506-1512 95-1137/88/081506-07$02/0 Copyright C 1988, American Society for Microbiology Vol 26, No 8 Development of Neutralizing Antibodies and Group A Common
More informationAstrovirus-associated gastroenteritis in children
Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1978, 31, 939-943 Astrovirus-associated gastroenteritis in children C. R. ASHLEY, E. 0. CAUL, AND W. K. PAVER1 From the Public Health Laboratory, Myrtle Road, Bristol BS2
More informationAn update on the laboratory detection and epidemiology of astrovirus, adenovirus, sapovirus, and enterovirus in gastrointestinal disease
An update on the laboratory detection and epidemiology of astrovirus, adenovirus, sapovirus, and enterovirus in gastrointestinal disease Christopher McIver, Principal Hospital Scientist, Microbiology Department
More informationU.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook.
U.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook Rotavirus 1. Name of the Organism: Rotavirus Rotaviruses are classified
More informationDevelopment of a VP6 subunit rotavirus vaccine A dual role of VP6 as a vaccine antigen and an adjuvant
30 August 2018, Minsk 13TH INTERNATIONAL ROTAVIRUS SYMPOSIUM Development of a VP6 subunit rotavirus vaccine A dual role of VP6 as a vaccine antigen and an adjuvant Dr. Vesna Blazevic Head of Laboratory
More informationPrevalence and Molecular characterization of the Human Rotavirus strains detected in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis at Wardha
International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences ISSN: 2454-5716 www.ijcrims.com Volume 2, Issue 2-2016 Original Research Article http://s-o-i.org/1.15/ijcrms-2016-2-2-6 Prevalence and Molecular
More informationVP7 and VP4 Genotyping of Human Group A Rotavirus in Buenos Aires, Argentina
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Jan. 2000, p. 252 259 Vol. 38, No. 1 0095-1137/00/$04.00 0 Copyright 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. VP7 and VP4 Genotyping of Human Group
More informationHeterotypic Protection and Induction of a Broad Heterotypic Neutralization Response by Rotavirus-Like Particles
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, June 1999, p. 4813 4822 Vol. 73, No. 6 0022-538X/99/$04.00 0 Copyright 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Heterotypic Protection and Induction of a Broad
More informationالحترمونا من خري الدعاء
الحترمونا من خري الدعاء Instructions for candidates The examination consists of 30 multiple choice questions, each divided into 5 different parts. Each part contains a statement which could be true or
More informationInnovation in Diagnostics. ToRCH. A complete line of kits for an accurate diagnosis INFECTIOUS ID DISEASES
Innovation in Diagnostics ToRCH A complete line of kits for an accurate diagnosis INFECTIOUS ID DISEASES EN TOXOPLASMOSIS Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by with the obligate intracellular
More informationIn Vitro Cultivation of Human Rotavirus in MA 104 Cells
Acute Diarrhea: Its Nutritional Consequences in Children, edited by J. A. Bellanti. Nestle, Vevey/Raven Press, New York 1983. ETIOLOGIC AGENTS OF ACUTE DIARRHEA In Vitro Cultivation of Human Rotavirus
More informationnot falling into either family are likely to be of animal origin (17). Recently, two subgroup I HRV strains with a long RNA
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 1990, p. 1342-1347 0095-1137/90/061342-06$02.00/0 Copyright 1990, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 28, No. 6 Serotype 3 Human Rotavirus Strains with Subgroup
More informationDealing with Post-market Issues: PCV Case Study
Dealing with Post-market Issues: PCV Case Study CASE STUDY: Adventitious agent in raw material ISSUE: Presence of porcine circovirus (PCV-1) DNA detected in marketed rotavirus vaccine by an independent
More informationROTAVIRUS VACCINES FOR AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN: INFORMATION FOR GPS AND IMMUNISATION PROVIDERS
ROTAVIRUS VACCINES FOR AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN: INFORMATION FOR GPS AND IMMUNISATION PROVIDERS Summary Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children, accounting
More informationAntigenic relationships among human rotaviruses as determined by
Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 87, pp. 7155-7159, September 1990 Medical Sciences Antigenic relationships among human rotaviruses as determined by outer capsid protein VP4 (rotavirus VP4 expression/rotavirus
More informationtant human rotavirus serotypes are represented by the
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 1989, p. 2799-2804 0095-1137/89/122799-06$02.00/0 Copyright 1989, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 27, No. 12 Comparison of Immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and
More informationIASR Back Number Vol.35. The Topic of This Month Vol.35 No.3 (No.409) Rotavirus, , Japan. (IASR 35: 63-64, March 2014) Phoca PDF
The Topic of This Month Vol.35 No.3 (No.409) Rotavirus, 2010-2013, Japan (IASR 35: 63-64, March 2014) Rotavirus belongs to the family Reoviridae, whose genome consists of 11 segments of double-stranded
More informationHaemophilus influenzae type B and Hib Vaccine Chapter 9
Haemophilus influenzae type B and Hib Vaccine Chapter 9 Haemophilus influenzae Aerobic gram-negative bacteria Polysaccharide capsule Six different serotypes (a-f) of polysaccharide capsule 95% of invasive
More informationROTAVIRUS VACCINES. Virology
ROTAVIRUS VACCINES Virology Rotavirus is a triple-layers viral particle belonging to the Reoviridae family. It contains 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, of which 6 are structural and 5 are non-structural
More informationE. Histolytica IgG ELISA Kit
E. Histolytica IgG ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA3193 96 assays Version: 01 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of
More informationAppendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases
Infectious Diseases Protocol Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases Disease: Influenza Revised December 2014 Influenza 1.0 Provincial Reporting Confirmed cases of disease 2.0 Type
More informationDiscovery of rotavirus: Implications for Child health
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06076.x REVIEW _6076 81..85 : Implications for Child health Ruth Bishop*, *Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, University
More informationVP4 and VP7 Genotyping of Rotavirus Samples Recovered from Infected Children in Ireland over a 3-Year Period
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 1999, p. 1699 1703 Vol. 37, No. 6 0095-1137/99/$04.00 0 Copyright 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. VP4 and VP7 Genotyping of Rotavirus
More informationExpression of Results as Units Derived from a Standatd Curve
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 1984, p. 447-452 Vol. 19, No. 4 0095-1137/84/040447-06$02.00/0 Copyright 1984, American Society for Microbiology Estimation of Rotavirus Immunoglobulin G Antibodies
More informationAstrovirus associated gastroenteritis in a children's ward
J. clin. Path., 1977, 30, 948-952 Astrovirus associated gastroenteritis in a children's ward J. B. KURTZ, T. W. LEE, AND D. PICKERING From the Virology and Public Health Laboratory, Churchill Hospital,
More informationThe New England Journal of Medicine ROTAVIRUS INFECTION IN INFANTS AS PROTECTION AGAINST SUBSEQUENT INFECTIONS. Study Design
ROTAVIRUS INFECTION IN INFANTS AS PROTECTION AGAINST SUBSEQUENT INFECTIONS F. RAÚL VELÁZQUEZ, M.D., DAVID O. MATSON, M.D., PH.D., JUAN J. CALVA, M.D., M. LOURDES GUERRERO, M.D., ARDYTHE L. MORROW, PH.D.,
More informationMonitoring For Rotavirus Serotypes In The Americas. Jon Gentsch
Monitoring For Rotavirus Serotypes In The Americas Jon Gentsch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA * The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the authors and
More informationChapter 4. Antibody detection methods for laboratory confirmation of measles, rubella, and CRS
Chapter 4. Antibody detection methods for laboratory confirmation of measles, rubella, and CRS In this chapter: 4.1 Selection and comparison of EIAs for IgM detection 4.2 Interpretation of IgM results
More informationMarli S. P. Azevedo, 1,2 Lijuan Yuan, 1 Cristiana Iosef, 1 Kyeong-Ok Chang, 1 Yunjeong Kim, 1 Trang Van Nguyen, 1 and Linda J.
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, Jan. 2004, p. 12 20 Vol. 11, No. 1 1071-412X/04/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.11.1.12 20.2004 Copyright 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationIdentification of Microbes Lecture: 12
Diagnostic Microbiology Identification of Microbes Lecture: 12 Electron Microscopy 106 virus particles per ml required for visualization, 50,000-60,000 magnification normally used. Viruses may be detected
More informationGastroenteritis Viruses Prof. Mary K. Estes
Gastroenteritis Viruses Mary K. Estes, Ph.D. Professor of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Medicine-GI, BCM Director, Texas Medical Center DDC 1 Outline Gastrointestinal viruses Rotaviruses Noroviruses
More informationThe Protective Effectiveness of Natural Rotavirus Infection in an American Indian Population
1562 The Protective Effectiveness of Natural Rotavirus Infection in an American Indian Population Lawrence H. Moulton, Mary A. Staat, Mathuram Santosham, and Richard L. Ward Department of International
More informationrotavirus; quantitation; real-time polymerase chain reaction
Journal of Medical Virology 73:118 122 (2004) Quantitation of Group A Rotavirus by Real-Time Reverse-Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction: Correlation With Clinical Severity in Children in South India
More informationCoronaviruses cause acute, mild upper respiratory infection (common cold).
Coronaviruses David A. J. Tyrrell Steven H. Myint GENERAL CONCEPTS Clinical Presentation Coronaviruses cause acute, mild upper respiratory infection (common cold). Structure Spherical or pleomorphic enveloped
More informationHuman Viral Gastroenteritis
MICROBIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, June 1984, p. 157-179 0146-0749/84/020157-23$02.00/0 Copyright C 1984, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 48, No. 2 Human Viral Gastroenteritis GEORGE CUKORt* AND NEIL R. BLACKLOW
More informationSubunit Rotavirus Vaccine Administered Parenterally to Rabbits Induces Active Protective Immunity
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Nov. 1998, p. 9233 9246 Vol. 72, No. 11 0022-538X/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Subunit Rotavirus Vaccine Administered Parenterally
More informationEpidemiological Profile of Rotaviral Infection in India: Challenges for the 21st Century
SUPPLEMENT ARTICLE Epidemiological Profile of Rotaviral Infection in India: Challenges for the 21st Century Gagandeep Kang, 1 Shobhana D. Kelkar, 2 Shoba D. Chitambar, 2 Pratima Ray, 3 and Trailokyanath
More informationLaboratory diagnosis of congenital infections
Laboratory diagnosis of congenital infections Laboratory diagnosis of HSV Direct staining Tzanck test Immunostaining HSV isolation Serology PCR Tzanck test Cell scrape from base of the lesion smear on
More informationThe following are well-established causal agents of viral gastroenteritis in humans: f. HSV, CMV in immunocompromised patients (not discussed here)
Dept.of Microbiology/Virology Assist.prof. Shatha F. Abdullah VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS AGENTS The following are well-established causal agents of viral gastroenteritis in humans: a. Rotavirus b. Enteric adenoviruses
More informationNew and Underused Vaccines, Rotavirus
New and Underused Vaccines, Rotavirus George Armah Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical research University of Ghana 10th Annual African Vaccinology Course (VACFA) Cape town, South Africa 10 th to 14
More information( Acute gastroenteritis ) ( Human rotavirus ) G/P ( G/P serotype ) ( acute gastroenteritis. ( A-G ) A 14 G-serotype 20 P-serotype G1-4 G9 G1P8
2007 18 256-261 ( acute gastroenteritis ) G1-4 G9 G1P8 ( A-G ) A 14 G-serotype 20 P-serotype ( Acute gastroenteritis ) ( Human rotavirus ) G/P ( G/P serotype ) ( acute gastroenteritis ) ( WHO ) 6 5 19%
More informationPERFORMANCE OF ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY VERSUS LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS BY ROTA VIRUS
Journal of Al-Nahrain University Vol13 (1), March, 2010, pp107-111 Science PERFORMANCE OF ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY VERSUS LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS BY
More informationLearning Objectives: Hepatitis Update. Primary Causes of Chronic Liver Disease in the U.S. Hepatitis Definition. Hepatitis Viruses.
Learning Objectives: Hepatitis Update ASCLS-Michigan March 31, 2016 Dr. Kathleen Hoag Upon attendance of this seminar and review of material provided, the attendees will be able to: 1. List hepatitis viruses
More informationThe QIAsymphony RGQ as a platform for laboratory developed tests
The QIAsymphony RGQ as a platform for laboratory developed tests James B. Mahony Ph.D., F.A.A.M., F.C.C.M. Director, Regional Virology Laboratory St. Joseph s Healthcare, Hamilton Assistant Dean Medical
More informationMin Levine, Ph. D. Influenza Division US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 18, 2015 NIBSC
Workshop on Immunoassay Standardization for Universal Flu Vaccines Min Levine, Ph. D. Influenza Division US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention June 18, 2015 NIBSC 1 Multiple Immune Mechanisms Contribute
More informationRotavirus Vaccines: an Overview
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, July 1996, p. 423 434 Vol. 9, No. 3 0893-8512/96/$04.00 0 Copyright 1996, American Society for Microbiology Rotavirus Vaccines: an Overview KAREN MIDTHUN 1 * AND ALBERT Z.
More informationRotavirus vaccines and vaccination in Latin America
Rotavirus vaccines and vaccination in Latin America Alexandre C. Linhares 1 and Joseph S. Bresee 2 ABSTRACT Worldwide, rotaviruses account for more than 125 million cases of infantile gastroenteritis and
More informationViral Hepatitis Diagnosis and Management
Viral Hepatitis Diagnosis and Management CLINICAL BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is a relatively common disease (25 per 100,000 individuals in the United States) caused by a diverse group of hepatotropic agents
More informationGenetic Variation of Capsid Protein VP7 in Genotype G4 Human Rotavirus Strains: Simultaneous Emergence and Spread of Different Lineages in Argentina
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 2002, p. 2016 2022 Vol. 40, No. 6 0095-1137/02/$04.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.6.2016 2022.2002 Copyright 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationMolecular Characterization of Rotavirus Strains Circulating in Oman in 2005
SUPPLEMENT ARTICLE Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus Strains Circulating in Oman in 2005 Said Al Baqlani, 1 Ina Peenze, 3 John Dewar, 3 Zainab Al Lawati, 1 Lindsey Pearson, 3 Varghese Rupa, 1 Charles
More informationFecal shedding of rotavirus vaccine in premature babies in the neonatal unit
Fecal shedding of rotavirus vaccine in premature babies in the neonatal unit Dr. Manish Sadarangani Director, Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children s Hospital Research Institute Assistant Professor, Division
More informationEffect of Mutation in Immunodominant Neutralization Epitopes on the Antigenicity of Rotavirus SA-11
J. gen. Virol. (1985), 66, 2375-2381. Printed in Great Britain 2375 Key words: rotaviruses/antigenieity/antiserum selection Effect of Mutation in Immunodominant Neutralization Epitopes on the Antigenicity
More informationTest Name Results Units Bio. Ref. Interval
LL - LL-ROHINI (NATIONAL REFERENCE 135091606 Age 24 Years Gender Male 30/8/2017 92800AM 30/8/2017 94631AM 31/8/2017 90306AM Ref By Final HEATITIS A & B VIRUS EVALUATION HEATITIS A ANTIBODY (ANTI HAV),
More informationDevelopment of Serum and Intestinal Antibody Response to Rotavirus After Naturally Acquired Rotavirus Infection In Man
Journal of Medical Virology 8:215-222 (1981) Development of Serum and Intestinal Antibody Response to Rotavirus After Naturally Acquired Rotavirus Infection In Man Marie Riepenhoff Talty, Sara Bogger Goren,
More informationDistribution of Rotavirus VP7 Serotypes and VP4 Genotypes Circulating in Sousse, Tunisia, from 1995 to 1999: Emergence of Natural Human Reassortants
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Sept. 2000, p. 3415 3419 Vol. 38, No. 9 0095-1137/00/$04.00 0 Copyright 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Distribution of Rotavirus VP7 Serotypes
More informationRotavirus immune responses and correlates of protection (CoP)
Rotavirus immune responses and correlates of protection (CoP) Juana Angel, Manuel Franco 2004 Derechos Reservados Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Instituto de Genética Humana Bogotá COLOMBIA Compartmentalization
More informationRotavirus-specific Salivary and Fecal IgA in Indian Children and Adults
R E S E A R C H P A P E R Rotavirus-specific Salivary and Fecal IgA in Indian Children and Adults ANU PAUL, SUDHIR BABJI, RAJIV SARKAR, ROBIN PENUGULA LAZARUS AND GAGANDEEP KANG From The Wellcome Trust
More informationWeekly Influenza & Respiratory Activity: Statistics Summary
Weekly Influenza & Respiratory Activity: Statistics Summary 2011-12 updated 7/12/12 Influenza Activity in Minnesota Summary of the 2011-12 Season Since the start of the influenza season, 552 people were
More informationSerotype between Bovine Rotavirus Strains
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 1993, p. 354-358 0095-1137/93/020354-05$02.00/0 Copyright X 1993, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 31, No. 2 Two-Way Cross-Neutralization Mediated by a Shared
More informationWeekly Influenza Activity: Statistics Summary
Weekly Influenza Activity: Statistics Summary 2010-11 updated 9/9/11 Summary of the 2010-11 Influenza Season Since the start of the influenza season, 215 schools reported outbreaks of ILI. Influenza Activity
More information9/11/2018. Rotavirus. Rotavirus. Rotavirus. First identified as a cause of diarrhea in 1973
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Rotavirus September 2018 Photographs and images included in this presentation are licensed solely for
More informationRotavirus Virus-Like Particles Administered Mucosally Induce Protective Immunity
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Nov. 1997, p. 8707 8717 Vol. 71, No. 11 0022-538X/97/$04.00 0 Copyright 1997, American Society for Microbiology Rotavirus Virus-Like Particles Administered Mucosally Induce Protective
More informationImmune Response to Rotavirus Polypeptides after Vaccination with Heterologous Rotavirus Vaccines (RIT 4237, RRV-1)
J gen Virol (1987), 68, 1993 1999 Printed in Great Britain 1993 Key words: rotavirus/vaccine/immune response Immune Response to Rotavirus Polypeptides after Vaccination with Heterologous Rotavirus Vaccines
More informationof canine rotavirus (strains A79-10 and LSU 79C-36) and with newly defined third (14) and fourth (15) human rotavirus serotypes.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, JUlY 1983, p. 169-173 0019-9567/83/070169-05$02.00/0 Copyright 1983, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 41, No. 1 Serological Comparison of Canine Rotavirus with Various Simian
More informationSARS and the Clinical Laboratory
SARS and the Clinical Laboratory Susan M. Poutanen, MD, MPH, FRCPC Microbiologist, Toronto Medical Labs & Mount Sinai Hosp. Infect. Dis. Clinician, University Health Network & Mount Sinai Hosp. Assistant
More informationAge-Stratified Seroprevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies to Astrovirus Types 1 to 7 in Humans in The Netherlands
CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, Jan. 1998, p. 33 37 Vol. 5, No. 1 1071-412X/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology Age-Stratified Seroprevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies
More informationArbovirus Reports 2015
Arbovirus Reports Arboviruses (Arthropod-borne) are a group of viral infections transmitted by the bite of arthropods, most commonly mosquitoes. Some of these infections are endemic; others may be imported
More informationDetection of Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid Antigen
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Jan. 1982, p. 69-73 95-1137/82/169-5$2./ Vol. 15, No.1 Detection of Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid Antigen by Immune Adherence Hemagglutination EVELYNE T. LENNETTE,t
More informationESCMID Online Lecture Library
Vaccines against norovirus state of the art, trials in children and adults Hugues Bogaerts MD global vaccine consultant at H+B 3rd ESCMID Conference on Vaccines 1 Between Jan and 22 Dec 2014, 689 outbreaks
More informationRapid-VIDITEST. Astrovirus Card
Rapid-VIDITEST Astrovirus Card One step Astrovirus Card Test. Instruction manual INTENDED USE: The Rapid-VIDITEST Astrovirus Card is a one step coloured chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative
More informationCase 1: Foodborne Outbreak of a Group A Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Among College Students -- District of Columbia, March-April 2000.
Case 1: Foodborne Outbreak of a Group A Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Among College Students -- District of Columbia, March-April 2000. MMWR December 22, 2000 Vol 49 (50): 1131-3 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4950a2.htm
More informationLaboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections. G. Jamjoom 2005
Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections G. Jamjoom 2005 Five Main Techniques: Virus Culture and Isolation Serology Rapid Detection of Viral Antigens Detection of Viral Nucleic Acid Electron Microscopy
More informationTest Name Results Units Bio. Ref. Interval
LL - LL-ROHINI (NATIONAL REFERENCE 135091650 Age 49 Years Gender Male 29/8/2017 120000AM 29/8/2017 100248AM 29/8/2017 105306AM Ref By Final HEATITIS, VIRAL, COMREHENSIVE ANEL HEATITIS A ANTIBODY (ANTI
More informationCharacterisation of Rotavirus G9 Strains Isolated in the UK Between 1995 and 1998
Journal of Medical Virology 61:510 517 (2000) Characterisation of Rotavirus G9 Strains Isolated in the UK Between 1995 and 1998 Miren Iturriza-Gómara, 1 David Cubitt, 2 Duncan Steele, 3 Jonathan Green,
More informationA Novel Duplex Real-Time Reverse-Transcription PCR Assay for the Detection of Influenza A and the Novel Influenza A(H1N1) Strain
Viruses 2009, 1, 1204-1208; doi:10.3390/v1031204 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Article A Novel Duplex Real-Time Reverse-Transcription PCR Assay for the Detection of Influenza
More informationEnteric Immunization with Live Adenovirus Type 21 Vaccine
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, March 197, p. 95-99 Copyright 197 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 5, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Enteric Immuniation with Live Adenovirus Type 1 Vaccine I. Tests for Safety,
More informationProphylactic HPV Vaccines. Margaret Stanley Department of Pathology Cambridge
Prophylactic HPV Vaccines Margaret Stanley Department of Pathology Cambridge 8kb double stranded DNA viruses, absolutely host and tissue specific, Can t grow virus in tissue culture Classified by genotype
More informationSafety and Immunogenicity of a Parenterally Administered Rotavirus VP8 Subunit Vaccine in Healthy Adults
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Parenterally Administered Rotavirus VP8 Subunit Vaccine in Healthy Adults Stanley Cryz 1, Clayton Harro 2, Monica McNeal 3, Nicole Meyer 3, Barbara DeNearing 2, Alicia Cage
More information