Infectious diseases Dr n. med. Agnieszka Topczewska-Cabanek

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Bryce Cunningham
5 years ago
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1 Infectious diseases Dr n. med. Agnieszka Topczewska-Cabanek Viral: Exanthema subitum (Roseaola infantum) Herpetic stomatitis Measles Rubella Chickenpox Erythema infectious (5th Disease, Slapped cheec disease) EBV infection (Mononucleosis) Bacterial: Streptococcal pharyngitis Meningococcal infection Antypiretic drugs - doses Acetaminophen (paracetamol) per os mg/kg bm/dose Acetaminophen (paracetamol) per rectum 15 mg/kg bm/dose Ibuprofen 5-10 mg/kg bm/dose Exanthema subitum (roseola infantum) Viral infection: HHV 6, HHV 7 no vaccination Period of incubation: 5 15 days Age of onset: 6 months 2 (4) years old children >39 o C (3-5 days) and later rash (it lasts 1-2 days, location: back, neck, face, abdomen) Sometimes: Diarrhoea, Cough, Limphadenopathy convulsions Exanthema subitum (roseola infantum) Complications rare Leucopenia with granulocytopenia (vaccinations not allowed 4 weeks after infection) Treatment - only symptomatical Prevention - no Herpetic stomatitis Viral infection: HSV 1 no vaccination Period of incubation: 2 14 days

2 Inflammation herpetic oral + skin follicular changes Labial cold sore Complications Neuro-infection Treatment - only symptomatical, Acyclovir orally and/or outside cream Prevention: isolation, hands washing, no kissing Measles Viral infection: Morbillivirus Period of incubation: 9 11 days Infectiousness: 3-5 days before exanthema and up to 4 days after 1) Catharus period Dry,,,barking cough Runing nose Conjunctivitis and photophobia Koplik's macule 2) Eruptive period : > 40 o C ( F), sudden, simultaneously with exanthema Catharus symptoms are over Exanthema - small spots behind ears, on neck, along line's of hair then spotty, lumpy, cast or haemorrhagic 1st day: face, neck, decolletage 2nd day: chest, backs, abdomen, upper limb, thighs 3rd day: feet, hands, it goes pale on face Limphadenopathy Splenomegaly 3) Recovery period exanthema is over Brown skin Peeling Return to normal activity during days Treatment: only symptomatical, protection from light Prognosis: good, worse in immunocompromised patients Possible complications: middle ear inflammation, pneumonia, laryngitis, death Prevention: vaccination

3 Rubella Viral infection: Morbillivirus Period of incubation: days Infectiousness: 7 days before exanthema and up to 4-5 days after Limphadenopathy ( suboccipital nodus: painless, hard, like a pea) Exanthema - little, spoty or lumpy, rosecoloured face Splenomegaly Treatment: only symptomatical Prognosis: good, worse in immunocompromised patients Possible complications: trombocytopenia, jointivitis Prevention: vaccination Chickenpox Viral infection: Varicella Zoster Virus Period of incubation: days Infectiousness: 2 days before exanthema and up to 5 days after Exanthema - scattered (hairy skin of head too!), polymorphic: macule, lump, scab Treatment: only symptomatical, sometimes Acyclovir Prognosis: good, worse in immunocompromised patients Possible complications: purulent inflammation of the skin, neurological symptoms (metencephalic), pneumonia Prevention: vaccination, isolation Erythema infectiosum Viral infection: Parvovirus B 19 Period of incubation: days No vaccination the most beautiful rash (face, later girlands on arms, trunk and extermities) Complications: articular pains, haemolytic break Leukopenia with limphocytosis 50% asymptomatic Exanthema - butterfly's shape on the face, the most beautiful rash (face, later girlands on arms, trunk and extermities), retreats and turns back by 1 to 3 weeks.

4 It disappears without scars and without peeling epidermis. Leukopenia with limphocytosis. Treatment: only symptomatical Prognosis: good Possible complications: haemolytic anaemia, joint pains Prevention: isolation Mononucleosis Viral infection: Epstein Barr Virus Period of incubation: days Infectiousness: low No vaccination Posterior cervical limphadenopathy Exanthema - spotty or lumpy (after treatment with amoxicillin) Sore throat with exudation in palatal tonsils Ecchymosis on palate Catarrh of nose, swelling of eyelids Treatment: only symptomatical Prognosis: good Possible complications: hematological, neurological, cardiological Maculopapular rash after amoxicillin - foto A cross reaction rash that was developed by using Penicillin while infected with IM. Streptococcal pharyngitis Bacterial infection: Streptococcus pyogenes Sudden beginning, fever >38 C Strong pain of throat anterior cervical lymphadenopathy Nausea, vomiting, stomachache General symptoms (breaking, muscular pains, headache) Sore throat, pharyngeal erythema and swelling, tonsillar exudates, edematous uvula, palatine petechiae Treatment: oral penicillin or cephalosporin 10 days

5 Prognosis: good Possible complications: abscess, recurrence No vaccination Scarlet fever Bacterial infection: Gr A Streptococus, B-hemoliticus Period of incubation: 1 7 days Spares the face (although circumoral pallor is characteristical) Bright red tongue with a "strawberry" appearance, may spread to cover the uvula. Characteristical rash, which: is fine, red, and rough-textured; it blanches upon pressure appears hours after the fever generally starts on the chest, armpits and behind the ears spares the face (although circumoral pallor is characteristic) is worse in the skin folds. Pastia lines - the rash runs together in the arm pits and groins, appear and can persist after the rash is gone Strawberry tongue is the appearance of tongue with inflamed red papillae, giving an appearance of strawberry By the sixth day of the infection the rash usually fades, but the affected skin may begin to peel. Treatment: oral penicillin for 10 days Possible complications: poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis or reactive arthritis, rheumatic fever, cervical lymphadenitis, fascitis/myositis syndrome, endocarditis, mastoiditis, meningitis, otitis media

EXANTHEMATOUS ILLNESS. IAP UG Teaching slides

EXANTHEMATOUS ILLNESS. IAP UG Teaching slides EXANTHEMATOUS ILLNESS 1 DEFINITIONS Exanthema eruption of the skin Exanthema eruption of mucosae Macule flat nonpalpable lesion Papule small palpable lesion Nodule large palpable lesion Vesicle small fluid