PRE TEST. Module I. Module II.

Transcription

1 PRE TEST Module I. 1. Which of the following is a key factor in the definition of a situation as a disaster? a. Event involving some kind of trauma to vulnerable populations not having the capacity to cope it with their own resources b. Event characterized solely by vulnerability c. Event involving some kind of trauma to vulnerable populations which can be coped with their own resources d. Sudden and unexpected event causing damage to infrastructure e. Sudden event causing disruption of normal life patterns 2. Which of the following are the major mortality causes in humanitarian emergencies occurring in developing countries? a. Disruption of health and sanitation services, and overcrowding b. Malnutrition, malaria, measles, acute respiratory infections and diarrhea/dehydration c. Overcrowding, malnutrition, measles, and disruption of health services d. Diarrheal disease, overcrowding, disruption of health services e. Malnutrition, dehydration, diarrhea, and disruption of sanitation services Module II. 1. Crude mortality rate is: a. The number of total deaths in a certain age group among the total population, multiplied by 10,000 b. An incidence rate that reflects severity of the disaster only among most vulnerable people c. An incidence rate used in the assessment of severity of a disaster and effectiveness of interventions 1

2 d. A prevalence rate which provides information regarding the various diseases present in the population e. A measurement of the specific impact of various diseases, useful when establishing priorities regarding therapeutic interventions and health care resources 2. Which transmission form has the highest potential for rapid dissemination of a disease in displaced populations? a. Respiratory b. Vector-borne c. Fecal-oral d. Inappropriate hand washing e. Skin contact Module III. 1. You are assessing a 7-year-old boy. He appears obtunded. Physical findings include respiratory rate: 48 resp per min; heart rate: 140 bpm; capillary refilling: 5 sec; and decreased peripheral pulses. What is your JumpSTART classification? a. Green b. Yellow c. Blue d. Red e. Black 2. Which of the following is associated with a yellow medical triage code? a. The patient requires immediate stabilization and can be immediately transported b. The patient requires direct observation, but treatment can be delayed c. The patient can wait or does not need treatment d. The patient has suffered extensive injuries and has little chances for surviving e. The patient is ambulatory 2

3 Module IV. 1. You are assessing a 10 months-old victim of trauma. His weight is 8.5 Kg; airway is patent; systolic BP is 95 mmhg. He is awake and has minor injuries and a closed femur fracture. What is the pediatric trauma score for this patient? Please see the appendix for the Pediatric Trauma Scoring Table a. 0 b. 1 c. 3 d. 5 e If you are asked to recommend equipment for pediatric emergencies in disaster situations, which of the following types of equipment would you include? a. Airway management supplies, intravascular access and fluid management, dialysis equipment b. Airway management supplies, intravascular access and fluid management, monitoring equipment c. Hospital operating equipment, cardiovascular equipment, and monitoring equipment d. Incubators and neonatal equipment, operating room equipment, and monitoring equipment e. Peritoneal dialysis equipment and supplies, intravascular access and fluid management, operating room supplies Module V. 1. According to the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy, which of the following general danger signs (red flags) defines a child as severely ill? a. Seizures, high fever, not able to drink, petechiae b. Vomits, malnutrition, not able to breastfeed, fever c. Not able to drink, persistent vomiting, lethargy, seizures 3

4 d. Dyspnea, lethargy, high fever, seizures e. Malnutrition, lethargy, high fever, seizures 2. Which of the following statements regarding malaria is true? a. Identification of the species of Plasmodium is not clinically important b. Children living in urban environments within a malaria endemic region show high levels of immunity c. P. Falciparum causes the most severe forms of the disease d. Parasitemia levels are not associated with the severity of the disease e. Results of thick smear test are required before initiating therapy for a suspected case of malaria Module VI. 1. You are working in a medical care post within a community affected by floods. The closest referral center is 2 hours away, and only ORS is available. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate management for a 2 years old boy with severe dehydration and mental obtundation? a. Ask the referral center for IV therapy solutions and equipement, and start IV therapy b. Immediate referral to the hospital for IV fluid therapy c. Start ORT with plan B, 20 ml/kg per hour, with spoon or glass d. Insert nasogastric tube and initiate ORS, 20 ml/kg per hour, and refer urgently to the hospital e. Request urgent evacuation by helicopter to the hospital for IV fluid therapy 2. In most humanitarian emergencies, oral rehydration stations should be present a. Only at the main treatment facility b. At all areas where patients will be seen c. Only where the treatment of patients can be safely monitored by a physician d. In areas where diarrheal illness rates are high e. If >10% of the affected population are children < 5 years of age 4

5 Module VII. 1. Which of the following is the first step in neonatal resuscitation? a. Suction of oropharyngeal secretions b. Dry the newborn and appropriate positioning to clear the airway c. 100% oxygen during 30 seconds d. Stimulation with gentle tapping of feet soles e. Positive pressure ventilation 2. You are assessing an 18 years old woman in her 37 th week of gestation. Membranes have been ruptured for 10 hours. She had a previous pregnancy 18 months ago. She has controlled hypertension and edema in hands and feet. What are the risk level and the appropriate management for this patient? a. Pregnancy with no impending risk; counseling, follow-up, and continue previously recommended therapy b. High risk pregnancy; give first dose of antimicrobials, refer to a specialist, continue previously recommended therapy, and schedule a follow-up visit c. High risk pregnancy; give first dose of antimicrobials, inhibit uterine contractions, give steroids, and refer immediately to the hospital d. High risk pregnancy; refer immediately to the hospital. e. Pregnancy with impending risk; refer immediately to the hospital, give first dose of antimicrobials and steroids Module VIII. 1. The evaluation of the nutritional status of a population which has been affected by a disaster should: a. be performed twice; during the initial needs evaluation, and at the onset of the recovery phase b. make certain that food resources are distributed as quickly as possible to the largest number of people 5

6 c. begin with the immediate collection of current antropometric data using middle upper arm circumference, weight for height ratios, weight for age, and body mass index as primary measurements d. be established initially with information collected in the sentinel population e. allow the implementation of programs which guarantee that available resources are primarly targeted to children younger than 12 months 2. Which of the following is an advantage of a dry ration supplemental feeding program? a. You can assure delivery of the food to the targeted child b. Education and complimentary health services can be provided on site at the same time c. It is usefull for saving fuel d. It is cheaper than wet rations e. It provides a security advantage in reducing the possibility of food banditry Module IX. 1. Which of the following are considered symptoms associated with the normal adaptive response of children immediately after a mass casualty incident or a disaster? a. Fear reactions, denial, confusion and sorrow, and dissociative symptoms b. Hostility and aggressiveness, regressive behaviors, emotional stress symptoms, fear and denial c. Regressive behaviors, emotional stress symptoms, and depressive symptoms d. Anxiety or altered emotional status, or persistent and harmful behaviors e. Dissociative symptoms, hostility, regressive behaviors, and emotional stress symptoms 2. Symptoms of excessive arousal, re-experimentation of the event, avoidance behavior associated to a traumatic event are diagnostic criteria for: a. Depressive episode b. Phobic disorder 6

7 c. Post-traumatic stress disorder d. Separation anxiety disorder e. Obsessive compulsive disorder Module X 1. Which of the following factors increase the vulnerability of children in toxicological disasters? a. Proportionally larger head b. Increased total body fluid c. Immature motor skills d. Smaller skin surface area e. Higher residual lung volume 2. Which of the following is a true statement regarding personal protective equipment (PPE)? a. After any toxic exposure, all non-disposable gear should be thoroughly cleaned with 5% hypochlorite solution b. All rescuers working in a disaster involving HAZMAT should wear a level A PPE c. In a disaster involving radioactive materials rescuers should wait until masks with High Efficiency Particulate Air filters are available before they enter the disaster site d. Level B PPE provides adequate protection against toxic vapors e. The use of PPE is decided by the first responders arriving to the site of the disaster 7

8 Pediatric trauma scoring Item Weight > 20 kg kg < 10 kg Airway Intact Stabilized Not stabilized Systolic BP > 90 mmhg mmhg < 50 mmhg CNS Awake Lerhargic Coma Open wound None Minor Major Fracture None Closed Multiple or open 8

9 Name Date of Course PEDS PRE TEST Module I Module VII Module II Module VIII Module III Module IX Module IV Module X Module V Module VI