FREQUENCY OF POSTURAL DISORDERS IN SAGITAL PLANE OF YOUNGER-AGED SCHOOL CHILDREN

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1 APES (0) :5-56 FREQUENCY OF POSTURAL DISORDERS IN SAGITAL PLANE OF YOUNGER-AGED SCHOOL CHILDREN INTRODUCTION The number of school children with postural disorders is in growth (Koturović & Jeričević, 996; Protić Gava, 008; Radisavljević, 00) and it can lead to serious health problem unless eliminated on time (Milošević & Obradović, 008). There are various causes for spinal deviations such as obesity, malnutrition and insufficient physical activity (which decreases when entering school). Social status of parents (Protić - Gava, Čokorilo, & Karanov, 006) plays a significant role on children s postural status because parents can involve their children in physical activities in their free time. The most sensitive period of children s growth and development is surely the period of entering school, and that is the reason why it is important to pay attention to all external factors which can have ill-effects on spinal adaptation (Koturović & Jeričević 996; Radisavljević, 00). Working on 5 UDC:796: (Original scientific paper) Branka Protić Gava, Tijana Šćepanović, Nikola Jevtić and Velimir Kadović University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia Abstract Purpose of this research is determination of frequency of spinal deviations in sagital plane: kyphosis,, flat back in younger-school children, as well as eventual gender differences. Research included children from Novi Sad schools, at the age of 0-3 or 55 in total (0 boys and 35 girls). For assessment of postural status the method of somatoscopy was used (modified method by Napoleon Wolanski, according to Radisavljević). Data processing was performed as per descriptive statistics: numerical and percentage occurrence of postural disorders, whereas gender-bound differences were determined by Pearson s χ - test. Results of research indicate that 67.3 % children have the following forms of bad postures:, 40 % kypho-, and 3.8 % kyphosis. Decreased neck is registered in 30.9 %, while increased one is found in 37.3 % children. Flat back was found in 5.5 %. Higher frequency of deviated segments of the spine in sagital plane was determined in girls, however these differences are not statistically significant. In case of these deformities, it is the question of functional stadia, so that they can be eliminated successfully with proper bodily exercises. Keywords: kyphosis,, flat back, χ - test, percentages, neck elimination of these factors can lead to good results (Krsmanović, 007). METHODS This research includes 55 children, 0 boys and 35 girls, age 0 to 3. All subjects are from territory of Novi Sad and were detected with postural status disorders and therefore posture correction exercises were conducted upon them with their parents permission. Posture correction excercises were conducted by the students of Faculty of Sport and Physical Education from Novi Sad whose major is in Kinesitherapy. For assesment of postural status the modified method of Napoleon Wolansky was used according to Radisavljevic, where grade 0 presents that all segments of the body are in normal position, Grade presents slight discrepancy from normal position ( st degree of discrepancy), Grade presents larger discrepancy from normal position ( nd

2 APES (0) :5-56 Table. Numerical and percentage occurrence of increased neck, as well as thesignificance of gender-bound differences Evaluation of postural status- increased Gender neck Count ,3% 6,7% 00,0% % within gender 95,0% 9,4% 36,4% Count 3 33,3% 66,7% 00,0% % within gender 5,0% 5,7%,8% Count 0 0% 00% 00,0% % within gender 0%,9%,9% X = ,4% 63,6% 00,0% % within gender 00,0% 00,0% 00,0% p=0.74 Table. Numerical and percentage occurrence of decreased neck, as well as the significance of gender-bound differences Evaluation of postural status- decreased Gender neck Count % within decreased neck 4,% 57,9% 00,0% % within gender 80,0% 6,9% 69,% Count % within decreased neck 3,5% 76,5% 00,0% % within gender 0,0% 37,% 30,9% % within decreased neck l. 36,4% 63,6% 00,0% % within gender 00,0% 00,0% 00,0% X =0.54 p= 0.86 degree of discrepancy). The following body segments were tested: head posture, shoulder posture development of thorax, posture of shoulder blade and discrepancy of vertebral column in frontal and sagital plane, the shape of legs and feet arc. In this research authors used variables for evaluation of posture in sagital plane: decreased neck, increased neck,, kyphosis, kypho- and flat back. Numerical and percentage occurence of spinal deviations in sagital plane was determined by descriptive statistics, whereas genderbound differences were determined by Pearson s chi-square test on the level of significance p=0,05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Chart presents numerical and percentage occurance of increased neck, as well as the significance of gender-bound differences. Increased neck of st degree was present in 3 subjects, which makes 7,3% of total number, whereas nd degree of deformity was detect- 5

3 APES (0) :5-56 Table 3. Numerical and percentage occurrence of kyphosis, and the significance of gender-bound differences Evaluation of postural status- kyphosis Gender Count % within kyphosis 3.4% 67.6% 00% % within gender 60.0% 7.4% 67.3% Count % within kyphosis 50.0% 50.0% 00.0% % within gender 35.0% 0.0% 5.5% Count 3 4 % within kyphosis 5.0% 75.0% 00% % within gender 5,0% 8.6% 7.3% X =0.655 % within kyphosis 36.4% 63.6% 00.0% % within gender 00.0% 00.0% 00.0% p=0.450 Table 4. Numerical and percentage occurrence of lordotic posture, and the significance of gender-bound differences Evaluation of postural- Gender Count % within kypho- 38,9% 6,% 00,0% % within gender 35% 3,4% 3,7% Count 0 3 % within kypho- 37,5% 6,5% 00,0% % within gender 60% 57,% 58,% Count 4 5 % within kypho- 0,0% 80,0% 00,0% % within gender 5,0%,4% 9,% X =0.557 % within kypho- 36,4% 63,6% 00,0% % within gender 00,0% 00,0% 00,0% p=0.74 ed in only one subject (,8%). Bad neck posture with slight discrepancy from normal has one boy (,8%) and 3,6% of girls. Significant discrepancy from normal neck posture was present in one girl which makes,8 %. Bad posture in cervical segment of vertebral column was detected more in girls than boys, but the gender difference results have no statistic significance. (p=0,74). Decreased neck of st degree (Chart ) was present in 7 subjects, that is 30,9 % of total number, whereas bad posture of nd degree was not determined. Decreased neck occurs in both gender but just as slight discrepancy ( st degree). It is detectable that 4 boys have this disorder, which makes 7,3%, and 3 girls, 3,6%. In this case bad posture in cervical segment of vertebral column was detected more in girls than boys but the gender difference results have no statistic significance. (p=0,86). 53

4 APES (0) :5-56 Table 5. Numerical and percentage occurrence of kypho -lordotic posture, and the significance of gender-bound differences Evaluation of postural - kypho - Gender M Count % within kypho - 30,3% 69,7% 00,0% % within gender 50,0% 65,7% 60,0% Count % within kypho - 47,4% 5,6% 00,0% % within gender 45,0% 8,6% 34,5% Count 3 % within kypho - 33,3% 66,7% 00,0% % within gender 5,0% 5,7% 5,5% X =0.375 % within kypho - 36,4% 63,6% 00,0% % within gender 00,% 00,0% 00,0% p=0.465 Table 6. Numerical and percentage occurrence of flat back, and the significance of gender-bound differences Evaluation of postural status-flat back Gender Count % within flat back 38,5% 6,5% 00,0% % within gender 00,0% 9,4% 94,5% Count % within flat back 0% 00,0% 00,0% % within gender 0% 8,6% 5,5% X =0.49 % within flat back 36,4% 63,6% 00,0% % within gender 00,0% 00,0% 00,0% p=0.78 Kyphotic bad posture is shown in Chart 3. Slight discrepancy from normal posture ( st degree), was found in 4 subjects which makes 5,5%. Significant discrepancy from good posture of thorocal spinal segment was found in 4 subjects, that is 7,3% of children. Analysis of the results implies that 67,3% of subjects have good posture of thorocal segment ofvertebral column. However, the fact that 3.7% of subjects have slight or greater discrepancy from normal status indicates a severe health problem that these children can have later in life. That was the reason why these children were subjected to programed posture correction excercise. Statistically important differences in kyphotic bad posture between girls and boys were not detected, although girls were found in 5,5% cases with greater discrepancy. Results of shoulder blade status, which are one of the indicators of good or bad status of torocal segment of spine, are 63,8% found in 7 year old boys and 58,8% found in 7 year old girls. These data indicate the difference in posture between this group and subjects from our research. However, sometimes the postural disorders can be mitigated due to maturation and age (Srzić, Kosinac, & Bučević-Nikšić, 007) but to correct this disorder it is necessary to receive sistematic correction treatment. 54

5 APES (0) :5-56 Numerical and percentage occurance of lordotic posture, and the significance of gender-bound differences are shown in Chart 4. Lordotic posture with slight discrepancy from normal has 58,% of subjects. This percentage is extremely smaller in lordotic bad posture with signifficant discrepancy from good status (Ugarković, 999; Koturović & Jeričević, 996). Good status of lumbal segment was present in 3,7% of subjects, 35% boys and 3,4% girls. The larger percentage is in the group of girls with nd degree of lordotic bad posture (,4) than boys (5,0). Although the frequency in lordotic bad posture occurance is greater with girls (68.5%) than boys (65%), the difference between these is not statistically important (p=0,74). It is neseccary to treat occurance of side with the earlier physical exercise, and also with the right diet. Determination shows that obesity in preschool period has one of the most important impact on occurance of Los Lumber curve (Srzić et al., 007). It is interesting, however in adolescent age that improper posture predominate in obese children. Results of kypho-lordotic posture are shown in Chart 5. From the total number of subjects, 9 of them (34,5) have slight discrepancy from good posture of thoroco lumbal segment of the spine and 3 of them,that is 5,5% have greater discrepancy of the same. Kypho- was more spread among boys 50% and 34,3% of girls were found with the same deformity. These differences are not statistically significant (0,465) but they are evident. Flat back, which are characterized by the lack of physiological spinal curves in sagital plane, are not so common. Results of the research prove this fact. Only 3 girls, that is 8,6% were found with flat back (Chart 6). Nevertheless, children with this disorder need to be involved in posture correction treatment in order to stop the progress. Genderbound difference with this disorder was found but has no statistic importance.(p=0,78). CONCLUSION The research was conducted in order to determine the frequency of spinal deviations in sagital plane among boys and girls age 0 to 3, as well as the possible gender-bound differences. The subjects were 55 children (0 boys and 35 girls) who are involved in corrective treatment conducted by students of Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Novi Sad. Authors of the paper are part of this team. It is concluded that flat back disorder is the least frequent (5,5%) and present only with girls. The most frequent disorder is lordotic bad posture (58,%) found in girls. These results coincide with other researches (Milošević and Obradović, 008; Srzić, et al., 007) which indicate more frequent lordotic bad posture with girls and overweight children. Physical activity, posture correction excercises and proper nutrition education would prevent spinal deviations in sagital plane and influence healthy life style. Also, it is important to establish good relationship with parents and teachers and involve them in work with children. REFFERENCES Koturović, Lj., & Jeričević D. (996). Korektivna gimnastika [Corrective Gimnastics. In Serbian.] Beograd: IGP, MIS SPORT. Krsmanović, T. (007). Posturalni poremećaji i kako ih sprečiti [Postural disorders and how to prevent them. In Serbian.] Glasnik Antropološkog društva Srbije, 4, Milošević, Z., & Obradović, B. (008). Posturalni status dece novosadskih predškolskih ustanova uzrasta 7 godina [Postural status of preschool children in Novi Sad, aged 7 years.in Serbian.] Glasnik Antropološkog društva Srbije, 43, Protić-Gava, B., Čokorilo, R., & Karanov, B. (006). Socijalni status roditelja i posturalni status predškolske dece Vojvodine [ The social status of parents and postural status of preschool children of Vojvodina. In Serbian.] In G. Bala (ur.) Antropološki status i fizička aktivnost dece i omladine (pp. 3-9). Novi Sad: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja. Protić Gava, B., Bošković, K., Krsmanović, T., & Romanov, R. (009). The relationship between pelvis posture and lower extremities in young schoolchildren. In M. Mikalački (ed.), Procceedings of st International Scientific Conference Exercise and Quality of Life (pp ). Novi Sad: Faculty of Sport and Physical Education. Protić Gava, B. (008). Frequenccy of impaired bodily posture in the BMI categories and its share according to gender. Proceedings of the International Symposium Research and Education in Innovation Era (pp ). Arad: Aurel Vlaicu University. Radisavljević, M. (00). Korektivna gimnastika sa osnovama kineziterapije [Corrective gimnastics 55

6 APES (0) :5-56 basics of kinesiotherapy. In Serbian.] Beograd: Fakultet za sport i fizičko vaspitanje. Srzić, M., Kosinac, Z., & Bučević-Nikšić, N. (007). Utjecaj nekih relevantnih somatskih pokazatelja na slabinsku lordozu u djece juvenilne dobi [Influence of some relevant somatic indicators of lumbar in juvenile age children. In Croatian.] In N. Smajlović (ur.) Zbornik radova. II. Međunarodni simpozijum nove tehnologije u sportu (str ). Sarajevo: Fakultet sporta i tjelesnog odgoja. Ugarković, J.A.(999). Zavisnost posturalnih promena u odnosu na morfološki status učenika mladjeg školskog uzrasta [Dependence of postural changes in relation to the morphological status of junior school age. In Serbian.] (Unpublished Master s thesis).novi Sad: Fakultet fizičke kulture. Correspondence: Branka Protić-Gava University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Lovćenska 6, 000 Novi Sad, Srbija brankapg@gmail.com ZASTAPENOSTA NA POSTURALNITE NARU[UVAWA VO SAGITALNA RAMNINA KAJ DECATA OD MLADATA U^ILI[NA VOZRAST UDK:796: (Originalen nau~en trud) Branka Proti}-Gava, Tijana [}epanpovi}, Nikola Jevti} i Velimir Kadovi} Univerzitet vo Novi Sad, Fakultet za sport i fizi~ko vospituvawe, Novi Sad, Srbija Apstrakt Celta na istra`uvaweto be{e da se utvrdi zastapenosta na devijaciite na rbetniot stolb: kifoza, lordoza i ramen grb, kaj decata od mladata u~ili{na vozrast, kako i eventualnite razliki spored polot. Vo istra`uvaweto bea opfateni 50 deca (0 ma{ki i 35 `enski) od u~ili{tata vo Novi Sad, na vozrast od 0 do3 godini. Za procenuvawe na posturalniot status koristena e somatoskopskata metoda (modificirana od Napoleon Volanski, spored Radisavqevi}). Obrabotkata na podatocite e izvr{ena so deskriptivnite statistici: broj~ana i procentualna zastapenost na posturalnite naru{uvawa, a za utvrduvawe na razlikite spored polot koristen e χ - test. Rezultatite na istra- `uvaweto poka`aa deka 67,3% od decata imaat lordoti~no, 40,0% kifolordoti~no i 3,8% kifoti~no lo{o dr`ewe. Pomala loroza na vratot imaa 30,9%, a pogolema 37,3% deca. Ramen grb imaa 5,5% deca. Pogolema zastapenost na ovie otstapuvawa utvrdena e kaj devoj~iwata. Ovie otstapuvawa se definirani so funkcionalen stadium, taka {to uspe{no mo`at da se otstranat so soodvetno telesnove`bawe. Klu~ni zborovi: lordoza, kifoza, ramen grb, loroza na vratot, χ test, procenti 56

POSTURAL STATUS MODEL YOUNGER SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN (Preliminary communication)

120 Activities in Physical Education and Sport 2014, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.120-124 POSTURAL STATUS MODEL YOUNGER SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN (Preliminary communication) Dejan Ilić and Saša Đurić University of Belgrade,