Musculoskeletal Simulation in an Automotive Environment The web cast will start in a few minutes. Amir Al-Munajjed AnyBody Technology
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1 Musculoskeletal Simulation in an Automotive Environment The web cast will start in a few minutes. Amir Al-Munajjed AnyBody Technology
2 Outline: Who & what is AnyBody? Automotive application Package design Moonki Jung (Panelist) Ingress/egress Seat development/comfort others Questions & answers Amir Al-Munajjed (Presenter)
3 Work Environment/ Assistive devices Product Design Optimization Ergonomic Analysis and Documentation Who is AnyBody? AnyBody Technology (Aalborg, DK; Boston, US) AnyBody Modeling System Licenses, Training, Support Consulting Physiological Load Cases for Finite Element Analysis Surgical Planning, - Evaluation & -Failure Analysis
4 Musculoskeletal Simulation Input Activity/ Motion Output Muscles: forces, activity, power Joints: forces, moments,... Body Model Bones Joints Muscles Ligaments
5 Inverse Dynamic Analysis Input: Output: - Muscle Forces (activations) - Joint Reaction Forces Motion & ext Forces: - Motion Capture (Vicon, Qualisys,...) - Joint Angle Input
6 Subject - Specific Modeling Standard avg. European Male Anthropometric Scaling Kinematic Scaling: Dynamic or Static Morphing: Subject Specific Bone Geometry Rasmussen et al Possibility to scale: - Standard subjects, like 50%, 5% or 95% or in between - Individual subjects: from real experiments - Population groups: elderly, pregnant, obease... Nakashima et al. 2010
7 Advanced Work flow SW CAD environment model (SolidWorks2AnyBody) Subject information Applications: Activities of daily living Processing workflows: Scripting e.g. Python, Matlab. Optimization software FE-model
8 Automotive Application Package design Ingress/egress Seat comfort others
9 Package Design & Optimization Typical parameters that can be optimized and analyzed using the AnyBody modeling System Jung et al., 2009, J. Computer Science Tech.
10 Ford: Best position of handbreak and pedals for lowest muscle activation Acceleration: long term, low muscle activation Seated Human In-Egress Bone demineralisation Handbrake: fast movement, high muscle activation Research & Advanced Engineering
![Max muscle activity [fractions of MVC]](/docs-images/89/101176693/images/11-1.jpg "Clutch pedal optimization 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.")
11 Max muscle activity [fractions of MVC] Clutch pedal optimization Spring stiffness [Nm/rad] Seat distance [m]
12 Validation Study: Braking Rausch & Siebertz (2009), ANSYS Conf. & 27. CADFEM User's Meeting, Leipzig, Germany
13 Validation Study: Braking - foot Rausch & Siebertz (2008), FISITA 2008
14 Validation Study: Braking - hand Rausch & Siebertz (2008), FISITA 2008
15 GH reaction force Position of door handle on shoulder Neutral handle pos Handle moved 10cm Time
16 Automotive Application Package design Ingress/egress Seat comfort others
17 CREW INGRESS/EGRESS FOR VEHICLES Reed et al. 2009
18 Ingress/egress comfort
19 Rasmussen et al. 2011, ORS R. Bichler 2010, webcast 28Apr
20 Buchner et al. 2013, Master Thesis
21 Optimum placement of an assistive handle for egress Rasmussen & Tørholm Christensen 2005, SAE Technical Paper
22 Automotive Application Package design Ingress/egress Seat comfort others
23 Active MotionTM seating de Zee et al. 2005, SAE Technical Paper
24 Muscle Activity [] Analysis of different postures Muscle Envelope Pos Pos 1 Pos 2 Pos 2
25 Joint reaction Forces [N] Loading of lumbar spine for different postures Lumbar Loads Pos Pos 1 Pos 2 Pos 2
![Joint reaction Forces [N] Loading of](/docs-images/89/101176693/images/26-1.jpg "cervical spine for different")
26 Joint reaction Forces [N] Loading of cervical spine for different postures Cervical Loads Pos Pos 1 Pos 2 Pos 2
27 Data exchange between digital human models ESI Virtual Seat Solution Seating of the driver Muscle activation / loads Joint forces Predicted H-Point ESI Courtesy Seat & Human deformation the muscle fatigue computed with exact external loading along the motion 27
28 UDASim Data exchange of digital human models Neural network Global discomfort Data exchange Exchange of information Trained & validated through experiments Bonin, D., Wischniewski, S., Wirsching, H.-J., Upmann, A., Rausch, J. & Paul, G. (2014), "Exchanging data between Digital Human Modelling systems: a review of data formats", 3rd International Digital Human Modeling Symposium, Tokyo, Japan.
29 Sitting-acquired deep tissue necrosis AnyBody Seated Human Boundary conditions CASIMIR Non-linear material & geometry Abaqus Buttock strain Cell necrosis Pressure ulcer PhD Thesis, Olesen et al., %20Conditions%20on%20Soft%20Tissue%20Loads.pdf
30 AnyBody Seat Model Package design elastic seat: Seat & backrest stiffness adjustable Pedal & stearing wheel position adjustable Forces in pedal & stearing wheel adjustable
31 AnyBody Seat Model Driver, passenger: Size/ anthropometry Individual muscle strength Compute: Muscle activation Joint loads Sinking-In: Where is the H-Point? Braking: How reacts driver on increasing pedal force?
32 Hard pedal push How does H-point change? What forces are in individual foot bones/joints? Rasmussen et al Al-Munajjed et al. 2014
33 Long term sitting Fatigue Comfort => Very individual Not fully implemented into AnyBody Modeling System, but can be done for individual tasks!
34 Automotive Application Package design Ingress/egress Seat comfort others
35 Effects of acceleration on the driver Motorbike/ car / truck/ train /... Positive acceleration Braking/ neg acceleration MaxMuscleAct scale Previous Webcast on commuting in Tokyo! J. Groud/ Terrabyte, Japan
36 Effects of side force on the driver Driving in a curve Amusement park: Roller coaster Space application: centrifuge
37 Effects of bumps on the driver Speed bumps Vibration Road types
38 Work Ergonomics: manufacturing/ assembly lines Lifting heavy objects, risk of overloading joints or muscles Repetitive tasks, risk of injuries due to muscle fatigue
39 Work Ergonomics Webcast coming soon! Koblauch et al. THE MODELING OF TWO AIRPORT BAGGAGE HANDLER WORK TASKS; ISCSB 08/ 2013, Natal, Brazil
40 Work Environment: Exoskeletons/ assistive devices Previous Webcast on Exoskeletons! Cho et al Wu et al. 2009
41 Conclusion Overview of Application using AnyBody for Automotive Engineering: Package design Optimize parameters to minimize loads in joints or muscles Ingress/egress What loads are in joints or muscles during different ingress/egress trials Seat development What muscle activations occur on different seats Interaction with other digital human models Others Acceleration/ occupational health/ assambly lines
42 Events, dates, publication list,... Wiki, Forum Videos, help, demos, tips & tricks You can write your questions in the Q&A panel.
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