Tuesday, August 02, 2016 Welcome to Investigative Science with Mr. Fireng

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1 Tuesday, August 0, 06 Welcome to Investigative Science with Mr. Fireng.Get out your stampsheet.get out your homework.write tomorrow s homework in agenda.start WORKING QUIETLY

2 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific So how can we check if it is science?

3 : Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Consistent Observable Natural Predictable Testable Tentative Six Criteria of Science

4 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Consistency : The results of observations and/or experiments are reasonably the same when repeated.. Green plants will grow towards a light source.. Walking under a ladder will cause bad luck.

5 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Observability : The event or evidence of the event, can be observed and explained. The observations are limited to the basic human senses or to extensions of the senses.. Some plants eat meat.. Extraterrestrial beings have visited Earth.

6 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Natural : A natural cause (mechanism) must be used to explain why or how the event happens.. Green plants convert sunlight into energy.. There is for sure life after death.

7 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Predictability : Specific predictions can be used to foretell an event. Each prediction can be tested to determine if the prediction is true of false.. Without sunlight (or artificial light), green plants will die.. If you are a "Scorpio", your horoscope for today is "You'll be saying 'I feel rich!' Lunar position highlights back pay, refunds, correction of accounting error."

8 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Testability : the event must be testable through the processes of science, and controlled experimentation.. The Bermuda Triangle causes ships and planes to sink and disappear.. Life comes from life and cannot come from non-life.

9 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Tentativeness : Scientific theories are changeable and correctable, even to the point of the theory being proven wrong. Scientific theories have been modified and will continue to be modified. The number of human chromosomes was once "known" to be 8, but is now considered to be 6.. We know that the world began about 6000 years ago.

10 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific

11 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific If it s not science, what is it??

12 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Emerging Science Also called protoscience, a near science Tends to conform to CONPTT, but falls short in one or two criteria Consistent observations and predictions limited by knowledge and/or technology Ex: Chiropractors, mental telepathy

13 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Non-Science Does not meet criteria of CONPTT Non-science topic areas may be very logical, based on good reasoning and are very important to society, but simply do not fall within the realm of science. Science is based on evidence, not faith Ex: Religion, philosophy, ethics.

14 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Also known as pseudoscience Non-science portrayed as a legitimate science Ex: astrology, creation science False Science

15 Nature of Science Investigation: How the Food Makers Captured Our Brains

16 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Classroom discussion. Observation from article: Various amounts of salt, fat and sugar can make foods taste better.. Question from article:. Evidence from the article that mat help up answer the question:. Tentative hypothesis (informal): 5. How could this be tested?

17 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Classroom discussion. Observation from article: Various amounts of salt, fat and sugar can make foods taste better.. Question from article: What is the perfect amount of salt, fat and sugar that could make foods taste the best?. Evidence from the article that mat help up answer the question:. Tentative hypothesis (informal): 5. How could this be tested?

18 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Classroom discussion. Observation from article: Various amounts of salt, fat and sugar can make foods taste better.. Question from article: What is the perfect amount of salt, fat and sugar that could make foods taste the best?. Evidence from the article that mat help up answer the question: Combining fats, sugar and salt reward the brain As we chew, sugar and salt dissolve, the fats melt and makes a perfect combination. Tentative hypothesis (informal): 5. How could this be tested?

19 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Classroom discussion. Observation from article: Various amounts of salt, fat and sugar can make foods taste better.. Question from article: What is the perfect amount of salt, fat and sugar that could make foods taste the best?. Evidence from the article that mat help up answer the question: Combining fats, sugar and salt reward the brain As we chew, sugar and salt dissolve, the fats melt and makes a perfect combination. Tentative hypothesis (informal): If there is more fat, sugar and salt in food, it will taste better. Lets choose salt 5. How could this be tested?

20 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Classroom discussion. Observation from article: Various amounts of salt, fat and sugar can make foods taste better.. Question from article: What is the perfect amount of salt, fat and sugar that could make foods taste the best?. Evidence from the article that mat help up answer the question: Combining fats, sugar and salt reward the brain As we chew, sugar dissolves, the fats melt and makes a perfect combination. Tentative hypothesis (informal): If there is more fat, sugar and salt in food, it will taste better. Lets choose salt 5. How could this be tested? Taste food with a varying amount of salt.

21 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Experimental Design: To this investigation, what are we going to be changing? The amount of salt After we change that variable, what are we going to be measuring? What are our control variables (control variables): What are we going to compare the change to? Formal experimental question: How does affect? (independent variable) (dependent variable) Formal hypothesis: If increases, then the will (independent variable) (dependent variable) because (increase or decrease).

22 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Experimental Design: To this investigation, what are we going to be changing? The amount of salt After we change that variable, what are we going to be measuring? The taste of the ice cream What are our control variables (control variables): What are we going to compare the change to? Formal experimental question: How does affect? (independent variable) (dependent variable) Formal hypothesis: If increases, then the will (independent variable) (dependent variable) because (increase or decrease).

23 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Experimental Design: To this investigation, what are we going to be changing? The amount of salt After we change that variable, what are we going to be measuring? The taste of the ice cream What are our control variables (control variables): The brand of ice cream, the flavor of the ice cream, the amount of ice cream, temperature of the ice cream, the type of salt What are we going to compare the change to? Formal experimental question: How does affect? (independent variable) (dependent variable) Formal hypothesis: If increases, then the will (independent variable) (dependent variable) because (increase or decrease).

24 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Experimental Design: To this investigation, what are we going to be changing? The amount of salt After we change that variable, what are we going to be measuring? The taste of the ice cream What are our control variables (control variables): The brand of ice cream, the flavor of the ice cream, the amount of ice cream, temperature of the ice cream, the type of salt What are we going to compare the change to? The sample of ice cream with no salt. Formal experimental question: How does affect? (independent variable) (dependent variable) Formal hypothesis: If increases, then the will (independent variable) (dependent variable) because (increase or decrease).

25 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Experimental Design: To this investigation, what are we going to be changing? The amount of salt After we change that variable, what are we going to be measuring? The taste of the ice cream What are our control variables (control variables): The brand of ice cream, the flavor of the ice cream, the amount of ice cream, temperature of the ice cream, the type of salt What are we going to compare the change to? The sample of ice cream with no salt. Formal experimental question: How does the amount of salt affect Taste of the ice cream? (independent variable) (dependent variable) Formal hypothesis: If increases, then the will (independent variable) (dependent variable) because (increase or decrease).

26 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Experimental Design: To this investigation, what are we going to be changing? The amount of salt After we change that variable, what are we going to be measuring? The taste of the ice cream What are our control variables (control variables): The brand of ice cream, the flavor of the ice cream, the amount of ice cream, temperature of the ice cream, the type of salt What are we going to compare the change to? The sample of ice cream with no salt. Formal experimental question: How does the amount of salt affect Taste of the ice cream? (independent variable) (dependent variable) Formal hypothesis: If the amount of salt increases, then the Taste of the ice cream will (independent variable) (dependent variable) increase, because The combination of the salt, sugar and fat makes the (increase or decrease) ice cream taste better..

27 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Page 06 Tues Wed July 8_9th Mr. Fireng tried salted caramel for the first time and he thought it tasted delicious a 0 on a scale of -0!! He thought that it was probably the salt that made the caramel taste better. He thought of the question, I wonder how the amount of salt affects the taste of other desserts like ice cream? He decided to test this by tasting ice cream with various amounts of salt. He made four batches of ice cream. One had no salt. The other three had more and more salt. He tasted the ice cream and rated the texture, saltiness, sweetness and over all flavor on a scale from 0-. He discovered that yes! As the amount of salt increased, the ice tasted better and better!..... What is the control group? One had no salt.

28 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific What is a scientific theory? An explanation based on repeated observations, and/or repeated testing. They can be used to explain numerous observations and patterns They may change, however, given new contradictory evidence.

29 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Laws describe Theories explain Law vs. Theory Two DIFFERENT things Scientific Theories don t become Scientific Laws A theory might explain a law, but it can NEVER become one.

30 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific What is a scientific theory? Example: Atomic theory Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, electrons. Electrons are negatively charged, protons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge. This explains LOTS of observations, patterns Chemical reactions (entire branch of science based on this!) Even things like electrical circuits!

31 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific What is a scientific law? Scientific Laws describe patterns, predict outcomes (description). A mathematical relationship between two variables Law of gravity There is an attractive force between any two bodies. This force depends on the size of the objects and the distance between them. There is no explanation for this. No answer to Why?

32 Learning goal: Properly apply all in the scientific Be careful Scientific theories become scientific laws when they are proven.