Emotions as Heuristics in Multi-Agent Systems

Transcription

1 Emotions as Heuristics in Multi-Agent Systems Bas R. Steunebrink Mehdi Dastani John-Jules Ch. Meyer Department of Information and Computer Sciences Utrecht University Workshop Emotion and Computing, KI 2006 Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

2 Outline 1 Problem Statement 2 Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Agent Autonomy Agent Cooperation and Coordination Human-Agent Interaction 3 Methodology Current and Future Research Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

3 Problem Statement Problem Statement Issues in Multi-Agent Systems 1 Nondeterminism in decision making 2 Restriction in cooperation protocols 3 Believability in human-computer interaction Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

4 Outline Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Agent Autonomy 1 Problem Statement 2 Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Agent Autonomy Agent Cooperation and Coordination Human-Agent Interaction 3 Methodology Current and Future Research Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

5 Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Agent Autonomy Agent Autonomy Nondeterminism in decision making Excessive deliberation Lack of preference Emotions as heuristics Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

6 Outline Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Agent Cooperation and Coordination 1 Problem Statement 2 Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Agent Autonomy Agent Cooperation and Coordination Human-Agent Interaction 3 Methodology Current and Future Research Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

7 Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Agent Cooperation and Coordination Agent Cooperation and Coordination Achieving global objectives Restrictive cooperation protocols Nondeterminism Emotions as heuristics Anticipatory actions Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

8 Outline Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Human-Agent Interaction 1 Problem Statement 2 Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Agent Autonomy Agent Cooperation and Coordination Human-Agent Interaction 3 Methodology Current and Future Research Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

9 Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Human-Agent Interaction Human-Agent Interaction Hybrid multi-agent systems Efficacious interfaces Emotions as heuristics Believability Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

10 Outline Methodology 1 Problem Statement 2 Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Agent Autonomy Agent Cooperation and Coordination Human-Agent Interaction 3 Methodology Current and Future Research Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

11 Methodology Formal Specification I(π, κ) Com(π) α π B([α]κ ) [α](b κ Com(π \ α) sad(π \ α, κ)) π is a plan κ is a goal (a conjunction of literals) κ is a subgoal of κ (i.e. κ κ holds) Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

12 II Methodology Transition Rule σ, γ, Π, E = PossIntend(α; π, κ) & (α; π, κ) Π & PostCond(α) = κ & τ(σ, α) = σ σ, γ, Π, E σ, γ, Π, E where Π = (Π \ {(α; π, κ)}) {(π, κ)} { E E {sad(π, κ)} if σ = κ = E otherwise Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

13 Methodology III Specification of Effect I(π, κ) Com(π) sad(π, κ) [deliberate]( I(π, κ) Com(π) Com(if Can(π, κ) then π else replan(π, κ); π )) Additional Deliberation Step if sad(π, κ) E & σ, γ, Π, E = Can(π, κ) then {replan(π, κ); execute(π )} else execute(π) Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

14 Methodology III Specification of Effect I(π, κ) Com(π) sad(π, κ) [deliberate]( I(π, κ) Com(π) Com(if Can(π, κ) then π else replan(π, κ); π )) Additional Deliberation Step if sad(π, κ) E & σ, γ, Π, E = Can(π, κ) then {replan(π, κ); execute(π )} else execute(π) Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

15 Outline Methodology Current and Future Research 1 Problem Statement 2 Emotions in Multi-Agent Systems Agent Autonomy Agent Cooperation and Coordination Human-Agent Interaction 3 Methodology Current and Future Research Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

16 Methodology Current and Future Research Current and Future Research 3APL as starting point New layered architecture 1 Reactive processes 2 Deliberation 3 Reflection / social reasoning Secondary emotions in deliberation Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

17 References I Appendix References A. Ortony, G.L. Clore & A. Collons. The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge University Press, A.R. Damasio. Descartes Error: Emotions, Reason, and the Human Brain. Grosset/Putnam, M. Dastani, J.-J. Meyer. Programming Agents with Emotions. In Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 06), Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17

18 References II Appendix References M. Dastani, B. van Riemsdijk, F. Dignum, J.-J. Meyer. A Programming Language for Cognitive Agents: Goal Directed 3APL. In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Programming Multi-Agent Systems, LNAI 3067: , A. Sloman. Motives, Mechanisms, and Emotions. In The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence, , Steunebrink et al. (Utrecht University) Emotions as Heuristics in MAS KI / 17