The unemployed and their search Necessities for job search The role of self-efficacy Applications and interventions Implications for service providers

Transcription

1 Kathy Meisinger, MS, NCC, LPC Elgin Community College Presentation to Careers Conference Madison, WI The unemployed and their search Necessities for job search The role of self-efficacy Applications and interventions Implications for service providers 1

2 Job search activities are selfdirected Environment influences individual and vice versa Motivation is variable throughout; diminishing with time Median duration 22.4 weeks ~Bureau of Labor Statistics,

3 Struggle with o Financial status o Role identity o Self confidence and esteem o Depression o Anxiety o Shame o Anger o Social support o Wellbeing o Anxiety o Avoidance Some even struggle with spousal or child abuse and suicide Motivation for a job In-depth self knowledge Knowledge of labor market Knowledge of job search methods and strategies Competency in knowledge areas No major job search constraints (will elongate search) 3

4 Three broad classes of job search intensity predictors Motive to search for a job Job search competency Job search constraints ~Wanberg et al. (1999) =OUTCOME +Effort Behavior 4

5 Job search efficacy Motivation control Emotion control Perceived self-efficacy is a judgment of one s ability to organize and execute given types of performance ~Albert Bandura (1997) 5

6 Vicarious Learning Emotional Arousal ~Nancy Betz (2004) Performance Accomplishments Perceived Self- Efficacy Social Persuasion Persistence Performance Approach v. Avoidance Persistence WARNING: Negative views of environment can provoke negative self perceptions which reduce feelings of control and self efficacy. 6

7 Interventions Teach job search strategies Inspire higher levels of coping and adjustment Use role play Model effective behavior SWOT analysis Motivational interviewing Teach self-evaluation Create a social support environment Teach flexible goal setting and evaluation Emphasize viable options Provide career counseling Help clients understand that they alone are responsible for their search Avoid knowing what the client should do Roll with resistance Support client s feelings of self-efficacy 7

8 Do we have the tools to do what we need to do? Do we have the skills we need to do what we need to do? Do we have the time to do what we need to do? What else? Remember: If we are not moving forward we are falling behind 8

9 Questions? Contact: Kathy Meisinger Program Coordinator Elgin Community College 1700 Spartan Drive Elgin, IL Read my blog at References Allan, P. (1990). Looking for work after forty: Job search experiences of older unemployed managers and professionals. Journal of Employment Counseling, 27, Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman. Bandura, A., & Wood, R. E. (1989). Effect of perceived controllability and performance standards on self-regulation of complex decision-making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, Betz, N.E. (2004). Contributions of Self-Efficacy Theory to Career Counseling: A Personal Perspective. Career Development Quarterly, 52, Eden, D., & Aviram, A. (1993). Self-efficacy training to speed reemployment: Helping people to help themselves. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, Gist, M., & Mitchell, T. (1992). Self-efficacy: A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability. Academy of Management Review, 17, Maxwell, R. (2008). Sticking the boot in: the role of goal setting in motivational intervention programmes. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, 33, Niessen, C., Heinrichs, N., & Dorr, S. (2009). Pursuit and adjustment of goals during unemployment: The role of age. International Journal of Stress Management, 16, Prussia, G.E., Fugate, M, & Kinicki, A.J. (2001). Explication of the coping goal construct: Implications for coping and reemployment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 6, Rife, J., & Kilty, K. (1990). Job search discouragement and the older worker: Implications for social work practice. Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 14,

10 References Rowley, K.M. & Feather, N.T. (1987). The impact of unemployment in relation to age and length of unemployment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60, Savia Coutinho. (2008). Self-efficacy, metacognition, and performance. North American Journal of Psychology. FindArticles.com. retrieved November 23, Wanberg, C.R. (1997). Antecedents and outcomes of coping behaviors among unemployed and reemployed individuals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, Wanberb, C.R., Glomb, T.M., Song, Z., & Sorenson, S. (2005). Job search persistence during unemployment: A 10-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, Wanberg, C.R., Kanfer, R, Banas, Joseph T. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of networking intensity among unemployed job seekers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, Wanberg, C.R., Kanfer, R, Rotundo, M. (1999). Unemployed individuals: Motives, job-search competencies and job-search constraints as predictors of job seeking and reemployment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, Vinokur, A.D., Price, R.H., & Schul, Y. (1995). Impact of the JOBS intervention on unemployed workers varying in risk of depression. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, Vinokur, A.D., & Schul, Y. (1997). Mastery and inoculation against setbacks as active ingredients in the JOBS intervention for the unemployed. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, Waters, L.E., & Moore, K.A. (2002). Predicting self-esteem during unemployment: the effect of gender, financial deprivation, alternate roles and social support. Journal of Employment Counseling, 39, Vansteenkiste, M., & Sheldon, K. (2006). There s nothing more practical than a good theory: Integrating motivational interviewing and self-determination theory. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45,