CHAPTER 1. A New Discipline Emerges. Chapter 1 Multiple Choice Select a single answer for each multiple choice question.

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1 Test Item File 1

2 CHAPTER 1 A New Discipline Emerges Chapter 1 Multiple Choice Select a single answer for each multiple choice question. 1. Which model of personality allowed researchers the ability to visualize and map-out the dynamics of behavior? a. Aichorn s model b. Freud s model c. Watson s model d. Munsterberg s model development of modern forensic 2. The work of this German psychologist examined the role of eyewitness testimony in the trial process. a. Aichorn b. Freud c. Munsterberg d. Watson Answer: c development of modern forensic 3. Which interrogation technique attempts to break down a suspect s psychological defenses and gain their confession? a. Inbau technique b. Reid technique c. Reiser technique d. Munsterberg technique development of modern forensic Page number: 5 4. Howard Teten attempted to develop a suspect s profile by analyzing what? a. The suspect s personality b. The victim 2

3 c. The characteristics of the crime scene d. The witness/ victim s description of the incident Answer: c 5. The FBI created which system of profiling? a. Geographic profiling b. Organized-disorganized offender profiling c. Cognitive-behavioral profiling d. Victim profiling 6. Which police department in America is responsible for hiring the first police psychologist? a. Chicago PD b. New York City PD c. Los Angeles PD d. San Francisco PD Answer: c 7. The FBI s organized-disorganized profiling system is based on an analysis of what? a. The victim b. The offender s childhood c. The number of victims d. The crime scene(s) Answer: d 8. Which area of forensic concerns itself with police officer recruitment and testing? a. Criminal Psychology b. Police 3

4 c. Legal d. Organizational subdisciplines Page number: 8 Level: intermediate 9. Each of the following is a subdiscipline of forensic EXCEPT: a. Criminal b. Correctional c. Abnormal d. Legal Answer: c subdisciplines Page number: 9 Level: intermediate 10. Which of the following might an individual practicing legal do? a. Create an offender profile b. Complete a competency evaluation c. Administer testing to police recruits d. Facilitate the proper classification of prison inmates subdisciplines Page number: In forensic, the term reintegration is typically used in relation to what? a. A prison inmate returning to the community b. Redefining an offender profile with new information or evidence c. Returning a police officer suffering from PTSD to work d. None of the above subdisciplines Page number: Which area of forensic is reserved almost entirely for highly trained police officers? a. Correctional b. Police c. Criminal 4

5 d. Investigative Answer: d subdisciplines Page number: In terms of ethics, which of the following is a major difference between most forensic practitioners and traditional psychologists and counselors? a. There is no difference b. There is seldom a confidentiality requirement for the forensic practitioner c. The forensic practitioner can never ethically conduct an evaluation that is not in the best interest of the client d. The structure of the forensic relationship is more client-centered than it is for a traditional psychologist. Page number: Which of the following organizations provides ethical guidelines for police officers? a. American Psychological Association b. International Association of Chiefs of Police c. National Family Law Center d. FBI Page number: Which of the following would be an ethics violation by a licensed psychologist? a. Testing police officer candidates b. Reporting to the Court the results of a forensic evaluation c. Completing a competency exam without specific training in the instruments used d. None of the above would be considered an ethics violation Answer: c Page number: 14 Chapter 1 True-False 5

6 Select either true or false for each question 1. Behaviorism is a view that suggests all behavior is the result of the interaction between the person and their genetic/hereditary traits. development of modern forensic 2. A mother who murders her infant is always insane. development of modern forensic Page number: 2 3. Eyewitness testimony is one of the most reliable forms of evidence. development of modern forensic 4. William Marston discovered a connection between deception and systolic blood pressure, a discovery that would lead to the development of the polygraph machine. development of modern forensic 5. Deadly force is a level of force used by a police officer that the officer knows, or should reasonably know, will create a substantial risk of death. 6

7 6. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a psychological disorder that often occurs in the aftermath of a traumatic event that is characterized by sleep disorder, intrusive thoughts of the event, and debilitating emotional stress. 7. PTSD can potentially arise in the aftermath of a deadly force incident. 8. By the end of the 1990s, police officers were trained and qualified to do evaluations of competency. Page number: 7 9. Police Psychology encompasses the of the police officer and of the police mission. 7

8 Page number: Statement analyses analyze verbal statements to ascertain deception. Page number: Criminal is concerned with understanding the personality and behavioral characteristics of criminal offenders. Page number: Confidentiality is limited in the forensic evaluation process. Page number: Juvenile delinquency is a term traditionally used by the judicial system to describe criminal offenders who have not yet reached a specified age, typically 18, allowing for their prosecution and punishment as adults. 8

9 14. The structure of the forensic relationship is always client-centered. Page number: Police officers are guided in their ethical decision-making only by the written law, and not by any ethics code. Page number: 13 Chapter 1 Fill in the Blank Fill in the blank with the correct answer 1. s work pointed the way to developing rehabilitation programs for criminal offenders based on the principle of positive reinforcement. Answer: Watson development of modern forensic 2. offenders are those who have not yet reached a specified age allowing for their prosecution and punishment as adults. Answer: Juvenile 9

10 3. The is an instrument that is used to record a person s psychophysiological response to questions relating to a specific crime or event. Answer: polygraph 4. The Reid Technique is a non- technique of interrogation. Answer: confrontational Page number: 5 5. The system of profiling is focused on developing a criminal profile by analyzing the characteristics of the crime scene and the victim. Answer: Organized-Disorganized 6. Officer testing and pre-employment psychological screenings are activities within the subspecialty of forensic Answer: Police Page number: 8 7. Forensic is a technique used to facilitate victim/witness recall. Answer: hypnosis Page number: 9 8. In a traditional therapeutic relationship, the requirement of prevents the therapist from disclosing information about the client-patient. 10

11 Answer: confidentiality Page number: A(n) brief is a legal opinion submitted to the Court by a person or organization not directly involved in the proceeding in support of a litigant or issue. micus Page number: The process of returning a prison inmate to the community following their incarceration is referred to as. Answer: reintegration Page number: 11 Chapter 1 Matching Match each term on the left with the correct definition on the right 1. Behaviorism a. Wrote the first academic work in the area of forensic, a book on eyewitness testimony. 2. Deadly force b. An instrument used to measure a person s psychophysiological responses to questions. 3. Reintegration c. Considered the founder of the Behaviorist paradigm in 4. Probable cause d. The FBI s offender profiling system. 5. Superego e. Developed a model of personality that included the Id, Ego, and Superego. 6. Polygraph f. A view of human behavior that suggests all behavior results from the interaction between the person and their environment 7. Organized-disorganized g. That part of the personality that guides behavior on the basis of ethics and morality. 8. Sigmund Freud h. A level of force used by the police that may result in death or serious injury. 9. John B. Watson i. The process of returning a prison inmate to the community following their term of incarceration. 10. Hugo Munsterberg j. The minimum level of evidence needed to arrest a person or secure a search warrant. 11

12 1. f development of modern forensic 2. h 3. i Page number: j Page number: g development of modern forensic 6. b 7. d 12

13 8. e development of modern forensic 9. c development of modern forensic 10. a development of modern forensic Chapter 1 Essay Write a short paragraph in response to each of the following questions. 1. Discuss the relevance of Sigmund Freud s theory of personality to crime and deviance. Answer: The answer should discuss the definition and role of Superego in moral and ethical decision-making, as well as a person s innate potential for deviant behavior. The answer should also discuss the role of parenting in the development of Superego. development of modern forensic Level: Difficult 2. Discuss the importance of Hugo Munsterberg in the development of the discipline of forensic 13

14 Answer: The answer should point out that Munsterberg was the first to take into the courtroom and testify as an expert witness. He also opened up a whole new field of scientific inquiry with his book about eyewitness testimony. Level: Difficult 3. Describe one forensic activity that might occur at each step of the criminal justice process from the commission of the criminal act to incarceration. Answer: The answer should include an activity that might occur in the 1) identification and apprehension of the suspect; 2) during the criminal trial, and 3) during the suspect s period of incarceration. An example of each would be a) a suspect lineup, b) a competency evaluation to determine if the suspect is competent to stand trial, and c) mental health treatment while in prison. Page number: 15 Level: Difficult 4. Discuss the concept of confidentiality, and how this requirement differs for the forensic practitioner. Answer: The answer should address the importance and legal necessity of confidentiality in the traditional therapist-patient relationship, and how it is less of a factor in the forensic realm since the client is oftentimes the court system or the prison, as opposed to the suspect. All results of forensic evaluations are eventually delivered to the Court, and may be testified to by the practitioner. Page number: 12 Level: Difficult Chapter 1 Critical Thinking Write a short answer to each of the following questions 1. Do you believe there is room for in the courtroom as a mitigatingaggravating factor, or do you believe the outcome for a criminal offender should be based entirely on the crime(s) committed without regard for the offender s psychological characteristics and background? Answer: One side of this debate is that should not play a role, and that the outcome should be based entirely on the crimes committed. This is a very conservative 14

15 view that holds little compassion for the mentally ill or developmentally impaired offender. The other side of the debate argues that in order for the element of mens rea (intent) to be present, a person must be able to understand the implications of their actions. This is the more liberal position, and they would also argue that a person s upbringing and background should be considered when dispensing justice. 2. Which of the five subdisciplines of forensic do you find most interesting and why? Which, if any, is most relevant to you career aspirations? Answer: Answer will vary 15