Psychology Empirical Method Biological Approach Cognitive Approach. Science Positive Psychology Neuroscience Evolutionary Approach

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1 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? DEFINING PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO PSYCHOLOGY WHAT PSYCHOLOGISTS DO THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY AND HEALTH AND WELLNESS

2 KEY TERMS Chapter 1 Vocabulary Psychology Empirical Method Biological Approach Cognitive Approach Science Positive Psychology Neuroscience Evolutionary Approach Behavior Structuralism Behavioral Approach Sociocultural Approach Mental Processes Functionalism Psychodynamic Approach Psychopathology Critical Thinking Natural Selection Humanistic Approach 2

3 What kinds of traits do you find heroic? What s the difference between being admired, being known, and being heroic? Who is a hero to you, and why? JOURNAL ENTRY Read and respond to The Mystery That Is You on pages 3 and 4 3

4 WHAT ARE YOUR PERCEPTIONS? Psychologist Psychic Psychiatrist Therapist Counselor Palmistry Psychometry Psychokinesis Astrology What other professions are appropriate for persons with a psychology degree? Social service worker The practice of psychology and psychology-based professions are strongly protected/ governed by local, state and Federal laws and guidance issued by the American Psychological Association (APA). 4

5 DEFINITIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY The scientific study of the mind, human behavior, and the relation between the two in a human being. The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Scientific psychology: describe, explain, predict, and change behavior and mental processes through the use of scientific methods. Behavior Mental Processes Actions Thoughts, feelings, motives 5

6 ACTIVITY: PERCEPTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCEPTS 1. The best way to learn and remember information is to cram, or study it intensively during one concentrated period of time. 2. Most brain activity stops during sleep. 3. Advertisers and politicians often use subliminal persuasion to influence our behavior. 4. Punishment is the most effective way to permanently change behavior. 5. Eyewitness testimony is often unreliable. 6. Polygraph tests can accurately and reliably reveal whether a person is lying. 7. Behaviors that are unusual or that violate social norms indicate a psychological disorder. 8. People with schizophrenia have two or more distinct personalities. 9. Similarity is one of the best predictors of long-term relationships. 10. In an emergency, as the number of bystanders increases, your chance of getting help decreases. 6

7 PSYCHOLOGY IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Naturalist On the Origin of Species The Descent of Man Biological origins Transmutation, marine life Structuralist/Foundationalist Principles of Physiological Psychology Physics origins Holistic approach to psychology Pragmatist/Functionalist The Meaning of Truth Medical and religious origins Paranormal and mystical experiences Psychoanalysist The Ego and the Id Neurology origins Hypnosis, psychotherapy 7

8 CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO PSYCHOLOGY Biological Behavioral Psychodynamic Humanistic Cognitive Evolutionary Sociocultural 8

9 Where do you stand in this debate? What kind of research would be needed to change your mind about whether there is a narcissism epidemic among young Americans? What problems are inherent in drawing conclusions about the members of an entire generation? Articles of Interest: Suval, L. (n.d.). Narcissism and millennials in the digital age. Retrieved from Twenge, J. (2012, May 2). Millennials: The greatest generation or the most narcissistic? Retrieved from JOURNAL ENTRY Read and respond to Critical Controversy: Are Young Americans in the Middle of a Narcissism Epidemic? on page 79

10 POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 10

11 WHAT PSYCHOLOGISTS DO Physiological Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Sensation and Perception Learning Private Practice 22% Clinical 24% Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Motivation and Emotion Psychology of Women and Gender Personality Psychology Social Psychology Other 4% Industrial 12% Industrial and Organizational Psychology Clinical and Counseling Psychology Health Psychology Community Psychology Academic 34% School and Educational Psychology Environmental Psychology Forensic Psychology Sport Psychology Cross-Cultural Psychology 11

12 How do your cultural experiences influence your perceptions of success and failure? JOURNAL ENTRY Read and respond to Social Psychology and Cross- Cultural Psychology: How Does Culture Influence the Meaning of Success? on p

13 CHAPTER SUMMARY 13