An Analysis of Character to Reveal The Theme in A Novel Bound Written By Okky Madasari MUHAMMAD ADHIF

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1 An Analysis of Character to Reveal The Theme in A Novel Bound Written By Okky Madasari MUHAMMAD ADHIF adhifmuhammad@gmail.com Abstract: This study is aimed to reveal the theme in a novel Bound written by Okky Madasari through Psychological analysis for every major characters and minor characters in novel Bound. The object of the study of this research is to analyze the novel based on its structural elements and the problems that happened to every major characters and minor characters in the story that deals with Id, ego, and super ego using psychological analysis. This research is combination between qualitative research and psychological analysis. Type of data of the study is text taken from two data sources: primary and secondary. The Primary data source is taken from the Bound novel. While the secondary data sources are other materials taken from literary books related to the study. The result of the study shows the following conclusions. Firstly, based on structural analysis, its shows characters in novel related to the unusual attitude. Secondly, based on Psychological analysis the novel tells that the every major and minor characters want to get freedom from the big restraints in search from freedom from those of mind and body. To restraints imposed by tradition and family, society and religion, to economic domination and the shackles of authority. Keyword: Character, Theme Introduction Human in the world have various problems in their life. Most of the problem that is faced by people can be caused by restraints from the environment surrounding them. Restraint is the barrier for personal achievement. It provides the motivation and handicap to achieve goals in life. Ambitious people seek to be the best at what they choose to do for power and superiority. Ambition to be free from restraints is a quality valued for every major characters and minor characters in Bound novel. One of the dominant personality in Bound novel is ego that refers to Sasana and Jaka Wani struggles in search from freedom from those of mind and body. To restraints imposed by tradition and family, society and religion, to economic domination and the shackles of authority happens because he is willing to cage his soul and his thoughts. In addition in this research also add the minor characters role in the story that become the object of analysis. However the researcher hopes it will give the vivid understanding about this research.

2 Bound is a novel written by Indonesian writer Okky Madasari. First published in Indonesia in It was translated into English by Nurhayat Indriyanto Mohammed and Makna Sinatria originally published in 2013 under the title Pasung Jiwa. In this novel Pasung Jiwa (2013) which touches freedom of the individual within the contemporary Indonesia. Pasung Jiwa has also been translated into English under the title of Bound (July 2014). Okky was born on October 30, 1984 in Magetan, east Java Indonesia. She graduated from Gadjah Mada university s International Relations Department in 2005 with bachelor's degree in Political Science. She has chosen to become a journalist and writer ever since her graduation. In 2012, she took sociology for her master's degree from the university of Indonesia, and graduated in July 2014 with a thesis on Genealogy of Indonesian Novels: Capitalism, Islam and Critical Literature. There are some reasons why the researcher is interested in analyzing the Bound Novel written by Okky Madasari Firstly, this novel provides about Indonesia and its people the issues of universal humankind's problems. Secondly, the major character Sasana and Jaka Wani is the icon of Indonesian mask that is really Indonesia that is never far from the eastern identity, human with no purpose after involving in social problem, race, ethnic, and religion. The first reason is the Bound novel offers us the Indonesia and its issues of humankind s problem and each problems. So the reader can take some values in the novel, such as appreciating other people, sacrificies, condor, and firmness. Okky Madasari has said the stories reflect some the reality of life. The second reason is Bound deals explicity with themes of freedom, humanity, and also equality of human. Sasana and Jaka Wani in search for freedom all restraints from those of mind and body, to restraints imposed by tradition and family, society and religion, to economic domination and the shackles of authority. In addition, Bound novel ever shown in Germany as the Guest novel in a literary Forum. The researcher analyses a novel and investigates character and theme used psychological approach as the medium, because the exciting thing of novel are character and theme. Character is an important element of novel. A good story is a story which can tell what is going and appeal to the emotion of the reader, his feelings, of joy and sorrow, pity, fear eager, in other words it can get the reader involved emotionally in what is happening. Based on the background of the study, the researcher formulates the problem of the study are How do the trait of characters in Bound?, How do the characters help to reveal the theme in Bound? There is a strong relationship between literature and psychology. In most cases, literature referred to as entirely written expression, with the restriction that not every written document can be categorized as literature in the most exact sense of the world. (Klaler, 1991:1) Literature can be said as a creative writing by an author with aesthetic values which makes literature

3 regarded as an art. Literature as a writing form differentiates its form from other art products, and its aesthetic or artistic values make it different from other writings. Psychological analysis is a science theory of personality proposed by Sigmund Freud. Psychological literary research ( Endraswara, 2008: 196) It means that, the psychological analysis is mostly used in every literary research which is using a psychological approach. Generally, in the process of using this analysis approach is using psychological in a literary research. It took a necessary and an appropriate parts only, especially the parts which are related to human behavior. The discussion about human attitude and behavior. Sometimes become more complex because humans always expressed the difference soul condition. Method In line with the objective of this research, to describe how the trait of the characters in Bound. and describe how characters help to reveal the theme in Bound, the design used in this research are both qualitative research and psychological Approach. The collecting data used the form of words of pictures rather than numbers. In another side, the quality shows artless side that describe something, such as condition, events, and excetera. So, based on the weights, qualitative research appartently means as a research which is notusing quantification (Arikunto, 2010:20-23). This research used a psychological approach. This approach is used to analyze the main characters (In this case Sasana and Jaka Wani. A psychological approach which is used is Sigmund Freud s theory which is consisted of three aspects namely Id, Ego, and Super Ego. This approach is used as a guide in describing Sasana and JakaWani as major character and the minor characters struggle in the novel Bound. The primary source of this study is obtained from the original novel Bound by OkkyMadasari was published on It consists of 19 chapters and 273 pages. The data of the study are paragraph and dialogue quoted from the novel. They have been collected based on the purpose of the study. In brief, the researcher had to select carefully the data needed in Bound by OkkyMadasari The notes were used by the researcher for the analysis. There are some steps to collect the data of this study. They are as follows: (1) Reading the novel Bound, written by Okky Madasari several times,(2) Selecting the materials or sources are with the problems and the purpose of the study, (3) Conducting survey towards paragraphs and dialogues in the novel, (4) Choosing the data relate to the problems that will be investigated. Personality is a behavior or attitude that absolutely happens in every human self. It can called as an identity of ourselves. This is supported by Sigmund Freud (2006:61-67). He proposed three aspects which refers to the personality of character. It consists of Id, Ego, and Super Ego.(1) Id or primitive s encouragement which are related with satisfaction, (2) Ego, which has responsibility to control Id. And (3) Super Ego which contains the word or Super Ego containes moral and ethic of behavior. In this case, the researcher uses Freud s theory to analyze

4 the psychological of main character and minor character in novel Bound. By using this theory, the researcher found all these aspects included Id, Ego, and Super Ego. Based on the data Ego is an aspect which is more dominant than other aspect in the novel Bound. It is because the characters Name of Total Total Position in the novel Bound were illustrated as characters who have desire to get the freedom from any restraints because of authority. Based on the analysis used Sigmund Psychological Approach, the researcher finds that Dominant Personality Sasana 2 Main 11 The first Main Character Ego 01: The first sound I can remember was the tinkling of the piano; not my mother s voice or even my father s. The first time I heard it, I was in my mother s womb. I couldn t just hear it; I could identify and distinguish each note. (Chapter I p.13) Sasana The first Main Character Ego 11 It was the dawn of a new era. I didn t need to hide behind pretenses anymore or run from the people I loved I wanted to be back with them as Sasa. (Chapter IV p. 205) Cak Jek 10 The second main Character Super Ego and Ego It seemed I was destined to meet Cak Jek. We got acquainted at a coffee stall near my boarding room. (Chapter II p. 42) ( 01) Cak Jek The second main Character Super Ego and Ego Free Free, I m free! Sasa shouted. I laughed. I shouted. I let out everything that I felt. No one could stop what we were doing. No one could tell us what to do. This was our life. This was our freedom. (Chapter X p. 273) ( 10) Melati 17 Minor 1 The first minor character Ego My sister was born when I was in fourth grade. A beautiful baby girl. Her cheeks were plump and smooth, her body tiny, her eyes wide. I adored her. I loved her more than anything else. I loved being near her, watching her, observing her movement, studying her smiles. I paid attention to all the clothes she wore. Pink dresses and cute shoes. Now here was something I could remember beside the piano and its notes: Melati. A

5 Name of Total Total Position Dominant Personality beautiful name, wouldn t you say? (Chapter I p. 15) Supervisor 4 (The Seventeenth minor characters) Ego The foreman really was going wild at this point. He pulled at her roughly until she fell to the floor. She didn t give up, though. She stood and began screaming. Two security guard rushed in and dragged her out. It was the same thing that had happened two weeks earlier. (Chapter V p. 163) Everybody back to work! The foreman shouted. Everyone obeyed without a word, as did I. I went back to wiping a television screen as I tried to stifle the anxiety bubbling inside me (Chapter V p ) Tabel 1 : Illustrations No Name Dominant Personality Position Total 1. Sasana Ego Main Character 10 2 Jaka Wani Combination Ego and Superego Main Character Melati Ego Minor Character 1 4. Father Superego Minor Character 4 5. Mother Superego Minor Character 4 6. Mbak Minah Ego Minor Character 4 7. Dark Gang Ego Minor Character 3 8. The Principal Superego Minor Character 2 9. Cak Man Superego Minor Character Marjinal Superego Minor Character Banua Ego Minor Character Masita Ego Minor Character Rustam Superego Minor Character Tumpak Ego Minor Character Elis Ego Minor Character Kalina Superego Minor Character 4

6 17. Sarti Superego Minor Character The Supervisor Ego Minor Character Memed Ego Minor Character Leman Ego Minor Character 4 Tabel 2 : Dominant Personality by Human Self

7 R E F O R M A J u r n a l P e n d i d i k a n & P e m b e l a j a r a n From the table above it is known that 11 data related to Sasana Character, the researcher finds 10 related to Jaka Wani or Cak Jek, and also 17 related to the minor characters. The data shows the dominant personality of each characters both major character and minor character are ego. Based on the Sigmund Freud Theory (2006:61-67) He proposed that Personality character which has responsibility to control Id it is called Ego. In addition Jaka Wani as the second main character has role as Superego and Ego as the thinker or the balance person in the Bound novel. Based 0n the data in table 01 It is known that the dominant personality characters related to the main characters are ego. The data shows the dominant personality of each characters both major character and minor character are ego. Based on the Sigmund Freud Theory (2006:61-67) He proposed that Personality character which has responsibility to control Id it is called Ego. In addition Jaka Wani as the second main character has role as Superego and Ego as the thinker or the balance person in the Bound novel. In table 02 it is known that from 18 of minor characters the dominant Personality characters are ego. which has responsibility to control Id it is called Ego. Discussion The result of the Psychological analysis as presented in table 01 shows that Sasana as the main Character in Bound novel has ego personality character related to the control of Id as the dominant personality character, in addition Jaka Wani or Cak Jek has mix personality character between ego and superego that become the balance figure in Bound novel. This means that for the major character ego become the essential value of Bound novel that give influence for the whole story of the novel moreover it is quite necessary to reveal the theme in Bound novel. In addition, the Psychological analysis as shown in table 02 also shows that most of the minor characters in Bound novel have ego personality character related to the control of Id, in addition, the minor characters are the figure in Bound novel. This means that for the mainor character ego become the essential value of Bound novel that give influence for the whole story of the novel moreover it is quite necessary to reveal the theme in Bound novel. The finds is relevant with the theory of Psychological analysis. Psychological is a science theory of personality proposed by Sigmund Freud. Psychological literary research ( Endraswara, 2008: 196) It means that, the psychological analysis is mostly used in every literary research which is using a psychological approach. Generally, in the process of using this analysis approach is using psychological in a literary research. It took a necessary and an appropriate parts only, especially the parts which are related to human behavior. The discussion about human attitude and behavior. Sometimes become more complex because humans always 7

8 R E F O R M A J u r n a l P e n d i d i k a n & P e m b e l a j a r a n expressed the difference soul condition. So, the result of the Psychological analysis in Bound novel shows that ego is the dominant personality character. It also influenced the whole theme of the novel that the ego personality from each characters creates the unity theme as the freedom people from restraint Psychological types which is focus on struggle of two main characters in search from freedom from those of mind and body. To restraints imposed by tradition and family, society and religion, to economic domination and the shackles of authority. Conclusion And Suggestion Based on the analysis of the data, the researcher would like to draw the following conclusion: Bound novel is novel written by Okky Madasari in 2014.She is one of the most celebrated young writers in Indonesia. The novels sets in nowadays condition of Indonesia. From the characters, Okky Madasari concern with Sasana and Jaka Wani or Cak Jek as the main characters and the minor characters to describe vividly about the Journey Of Sasana and Jaka Wani or Cak Jek in search from freedom from those of mind and body. To restraints imposed by tradition and family, society and religion, to economic domination and the shackles of authority. Bound novel represents Sasana, Jaka Wani and also the minor characters psychological personality divided become three, namely Id, ego, and superego. But the dominant is ego personality character that happened on every characters in Bound Novel. The theme of novel is Being freedom from restraints There are some suggestions proposed both for further research and for practical research. The researcher gives some suggestions concerning with the topic of this topic research. The next researchers should use other experts theory to be analyzed, thus it could help the researcher in finding and analyzing the other kinds of psychological Approach. Since, there are more than three types Psychological Approach. The Bound novel can be analyzed by another theory of which is also interesting and challenging to be analyzed. The use of another data besides novel. The kind of data which can be analyzed by using Psychological Approach theory such as short story, poems, song lyrics, etc. 8

9 R E F O R M A J u r n a l P e n d i d i k a n & P e m b e l a j a r a n References Arikunto, Suharsimi Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: Penerbit Rineka Cipta Endaswara, Suwardi Metodologi Penelitian Psikologi Sastra Teori, Langkah dan Penerapannya. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Widyatama Freud, Sigmund Pengantar Umum Psikoanalisis. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Klarer, Mario An Introduction to Literature Studies. New York: Routledge Madasari, Okky ( Okyy_Madasari) accessed on 16 July