Transtheoretical Model

Transcription

1 History/Background: Transtheoretical Model Developed by the University of Rhode Island Cancer Prevention Research Center through several years of observing how people quit smoking. Its name was formed because this model is a combination of many elements from a variety of other theories and behavioral models. Also called Stages of Change Model. Terminology Experimental process directed toward increasing people awareness and changing thoughts and behaviors towards themselves and exercise Self-reevaluation how people carefully consider how they feel about themselves as couch potatoes Consciousness raising increasing one s awareness and memory of the benefits of physical activity Behavioral process behaviors that a person undergoes in order to change how the environment around them affect their exercise participation Stimulus control placing cues I the environment that will help remind people to be more active Reinforcement management developing strategies for rewarding a person when they reach their exercise goals Self-liberation help motivate people to exercise and strengthen their commitment Decisional balance reflects how people perceive the pros and cons of changing their behavior Descriptive studies studies the describe differences between people in the different stages Predictive studies studies that use the TTM to predict future exercise behavior Intervention studies studies that use the TTM to develop exercise interventions Key Elements and Components This model represents a gradual change in behavior and ways of thinking about exercise: -way they think about behavior -way they think about themselves -aspects of environment that influence the behavior Involves person s emotions, cognition, and behavior Relies heavily on self-report Advancement through stages shows increase in behavioral decisions towards exercise and increase in self-efficiency 5 Different stages 1. Precontemplation-no intentions of changing exercise or sedentary behavior 2. Contemplation-intensions to start being physically active in near future 3. Preparation-plan to start exercising immediately (doctor approval, physical, etc.) 4. Action -currently engaging in physical activity a. Action stage is the least stable because people find it hard to maintain their new behavior 5. Maintenance-have been exercising at recommended levels for 6 months plus

2 Possible Applications -Increase physical activity -Quit smoking -Decrease procrastination -Improve diet - Example: eat recommended servings of vegetables daily Research Article Summary The use of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983) in the development and evaluation of a health education program for older adults of the age to and older. This Group Used a modified Transtheoretical model by grouping Pre-contemplation and Contemplation and Contemplation and Preparation

3 Topic Pre/ Contemplation Contemplation/ Preparation Action Maintenance General Health Activity/Fitness Nutrition Mental Health Disease Management Memory Sensory Health Results The team found the TTM to be useful and appropriate for application to health education with older adults for program planning, curriculum development and program evaluation. The Program participants were interest in the model, and strategies from the TTM constructs. This team used the stages of change model as a guide fro addressing the interests and needs for older adults at all sages of reediness behavior change. They found the TTM is a helpful tool in planning and evaluation for individuals in all stages. The TTTM encourages us to develop a variety of ways to reach out to the population. Staging of participant for health behaviors pro dives a way to target needed interventions to the population. Our Original Application We want to focus on the elderly population and use the Transtheoretical model to reduce their sedentary activity. This is what the five different stages would look like for this population: 1. Precontemplation: Clients are not active and has no intention to be active. They may sit all day and not see a problem with it or not know the benefits of physical activity. a. As professionals we would try to provide information about the benefits of being physically active. 2. Contemplation: Clients know they should exercise, but aren t committed yet. Getting started and changing their habits will be difficult for them. a. As professionals we would support and encourage them to keep pushing towards their goal. 3. Preparation: Clients are starting to exercise. They may use a walker instead of wheelchair. a. As professionals, continue to encourage and support and motivate them. 4. Action: Clients are reaching recommended levels of activity but very unstable in their commitment. It takes a lot of effort to not go back to their old ways. They have to adjust to the change. a. As professionals, we need to learn what they enjoy and try to incorporate that into their physical activity so it becomes something enjoyable. 5. Maintenance: Clients have been exercising at recommended levels for 6 months or more. They see the benefits and are participating in activities that interest them. a. As professionals, we can t forget about this group to help support them and make sure they don t relapse into their sedentary lifestyle.

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5 Sources Lox, Curt, Kathleen A. Ginis, and Steven J. Petruzzello. The psychology of exercise: integrating theory and practice. Scottsdale, Ariz.: Holcomb Hathaway Publishers, Print. Image: theiddm.wordpress.com TTM Detailed Overview. (n.d.). TTM Detailed Overview. Retrieved September 18, 2014, from