RESEARCH ARTICLE WEN-LIANG LI AND DING YANG*

Transcription

1 TRANSACTIONS AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY RESEARCH ARTICLE Species of the subgenus Neohomoneura Malloch from Yunnan, China (Diptera, Lauxaniidae) TAES 141: ISSO WEN-LIANG LI AND DING YANG* [WLL] College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang , China. [WLL, DY] Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing , China. *correspondence author ABSTRACT Here eight species of the subgenus Neohomoneura Malloch are added to the fauna of Yunnan. The following 6 species are described as new to science: Homoneura (Neohomoneura) baoshanensis sp. nov., H. (N.) dischida sp. nov., H. (N.) dongae sp. nov., H. (N.) latisurstyla sp. nov., H. (N.) menglunensis sp. nov., and H. (N.) nigribasis sp. nov. Furthermore, H. (N.) indica Malloch is newly recorded from China, and H. (N.) incompleta Malloch is redescribed. A key to the species of the subgenus from Yunnan is presented. Key words. Lauxaniidae, Homoneura, Neohomoneura, new species, Yunnan The genus Homoneura van der Wulp is the largest genus in the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera). It is distributed worldwide except for the Neotropical Region (Sasakawa & Ikeuchi, 1982; Kim, 1994; Shatakin, 2000), but its subgenus Neohomonaura Malloch is found only in the Oriental Region with few species. This subgenus was erected by Malloch in 1927, with 3 new species and based on the type species Sciomyza orientalis Wiedemann, 1830 from Java. Malloch (1929) described 4 new species and 9 known species. During the past twenty years, work in the group has been limited to new species descriptions and species revisions, including Sasakawa (1992, 2001), Gao & Yang (2004, 2005, 2006), Shi et al (2008, 2011). The subgenus is characterized by the following features: 0+3 dc (dorsocentral bristle), 1 sa (supra-alar bristle), mid tibia with a posterior series of strong bristles and with 3 long apico-ventral spurs (Malloch, 1927, 1929; Sasakawa, 1992, 2001). There are 48 species currently placed in the subgenus Neohomonaura, of which 24 species are known from China (Shi, Wang & Yang, 2011). Only three species were previously documented from Yunnan. In the present paper, 8 species including 6 new species are added to the fauna of Yunnan. Genitalia preparations were made by removing and macerating the apical portion of the abdomen in cold saturated NaOH for 6 hours, acidify the preparations with glacial acetic acid in water. After examination, they were transferred to fresh glycerine and stored in a microvial on the pin below the specimen or moved to an ethanol tube together with the wet specimens. Specimens examined were deposited in the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University (CAU) and Natural History Museum of Geneva (MNHG). The general terminology follows McAlpine (1981) and Shewell (1987). The following abbreviations for bristles are used: acr acrostichal, dc dorsocentral, oc ocellar, or fronto-orbital, prsc prescutellar. Publication date: May urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:94a4068a-54ea-447f-a21f-0d2e36f877ae

2 28 NEOHOMONEURA OF YUNNAN KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS FROM YUNNAN 1 All apical spots and trace spot of dm-cu of wing confluent; surstylus narrowed apically, with one acute process; gonopod short and bifurcated (Figs )...H.(N.) incompleta Trace spot of dm-cu isolated; surstylus and gonopod not as above Apical spots of wing entirely extended to apex Apical spots of wing partly terminated before apex All apical spots of wing confluent, almost occupying entire apex Apical spots of wing isolated or partly confluent Abdominal tergites without black posterior stripes, and tergite 6 with one black median spot; surstylus curved apically; aedeagus with two pairs of subapical spurs and one pair of basal spurs (Figs )...H. (N.) indica Abdominal tergites 2-5 with black posterior stripes; surstylus and gonopod not as above..5 5 Abdominal tergites 2 5 each with one narrow black posterior stripe; surstylus consisting of one small curved process; hypandrium nearly H shaped; aedeagal apodeme longer than aedeagus (see Shi, Wang & Yang, 2011) H. (N.) nigrimarginata Abdominal tergites 2 6 each with one narrow black posterior stripe and confluent with one black triangular median spot on male tergites 5 6 (female 4 6); surstylus consisting of one narrow claviform straight process; hypandrium nearly Y shaped; aedeagal apodeme nearly as long as aedeagus (see Shi, wang & Yang, 2011) H. (N.) pufujii 6 Protandrium semicircular; surstylus with one subuliform process and one subbasal tooth; aedeagus consisting of one pair of ventral median teeth, one pair of triangular ventral processes, one pair of lateral teeth, one pair of triangular subapical processes and one pair of hook like dorsoapical processes in lateral view (see Shi, Wang & Yang, 2011) H. (N.) elliptica Protandrium circular; surstylus and aedeagus not as above Protandrium without bristles around spiracle; surstylus broad, with base and apex almost equal in width; aedeagus with one pair of long lateral spurs basally and one pair of lateral spurs preapically (Figs ) H. (N.) nigribasis sp. nov. Protandrium with bristles around spiracle; surstylus slender and curved outward, aedeagus caved apically, with one pair of dorsolateral teeth subapically (Figs ) H. (N.) menglunensis sp. nov. 8 Apical spot of R 2+3 not extended to apex; thoracic dorsum with a blackish brown median stripe; surstylus thin and not distinct in the lateral view; hypandrium with one pair of ventral processes; aedeagus with one long median spur basally (Figs. 1-5) H. (N.) baoshanensis sp. nov. Apical spot of R 2+3 extended to apex; thoracic dorsum without stripes; surstylus and gonopod not as above Apical spot of R 4+5 distinctly larger than that of R 2+3 and almost extended to apex; aedeagus with two pairs of lateral spurs medially and preapically (Figs ) H. (N.) dongae sp. nov. Apical spot of R 4+5 not larger than that of R 2+3 and terminated before apex; gonopod not as above Frons with two brownish lateral stripes; protandrium forming an incompletely sclerotized band; hypandrial apodemes weak (Figs. 7-11)...H. (N.) dischida sp. nov. Frons without lateral stripes; protandrium forming an completely sclerotized band; hypandrial apodemes rather long (Figs ) H. (N.) latisurstyla sp. nov.

3 LIANG AND YANG 29 Homoneura (Neohomonaura) baoshanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1-5) urn: lsid: zoobank.org:act:19f e- B47D-FCD058C1D09B Diagnosis Wing with 4 brown spots at preapical R 2+3, and along crossvein dm-cu; basal extremity of spots on R 2+3 and R 4+5 almost at same longitudinal level, and basal extremity of spot on M 1+2 behind them; subcostal cell hyaline. Abdominal tergites 2-6 each with a black posterior stripe. Aedeagus basally with a long median spur, apically not incised. Male Body length 5.9 mm, wing length 6.0 mm. Head brownish with grayish white pruinescence. Frons wider than long and parallelsided, with two brownish lateral stripes; ocellar triangle brown; face without spots; cheek about 1/5 height of eye. Hairs and bristles on head black; oc broken; posterior or longer than anterior or. Antenna yellow, 2.0 times as long as wide; arista black except brown basally, with longest hairs about as long as width of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis yellow, with blackish and yellowish hairs; paplus yellowish, with black hairs. Thorax brownish with grayish white pruinescence, dorsum with one blackish brown median stripe. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. 0+3 dc (anteriormost dc clearly behind transverse scutal suture), acr in 8-10 rows, prsc about as long as 1st post-sutural dc. Legs yellow; tarsi brown apically. Hairs and bristles on legs black. Fore femur with 6 posterior ventral bristles and 8 posterior dorsal bristles, and ctenidium with short bristles. Mid femur with 9 anterior bristles; mid tibia with 1 preapical anterior dorsal bristle, 3 apico-ventral long spurs and 8 posterior bristles. Hind femur with 1 anterior preapical bristle. Wing slightly tinged yellowish, with 4 brown spots at preapical R 2+3, and along crossvein dm-cu; basal extremity of spots on R 2+3 and R 4+5 almost at same longitudinal level, and basal extremity of spot on M 1+2 behind them; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2nd (between R 1 and R 2+3 ), 3rd (between R 2+3 and R 4+5 ) and 4th (between R 4+5 and M) sections in proportion of 11 : 3.7 : 2.2; r-m before middle of discal cell; ultimate section of M times as long as penultimate; ultimate section of M 3+4 about 1/5 of penultimate. Squama brown with blackish hairs. Halter yellow. Abdomen blackish brown, with grayish white pruinescence. Tergites 2-6 each with one black posterior stripe. Male genitalia: Protandrium forming a completely sclerotized band, without bristles around spiracle; epandrium very broad; surstylus thin and not distinct in the lateral view; hypandrium with one pair of ventral processes, hypandrial apodemes distinct, gonopod short and curved in lateral view; aedeagus basally with a long median spur, almost not incised apically. Female Unknown. Type Holotype male, Yunnan: Baoshan, Baihualing (1500 m), V. 23, Xingyue Liu (CAU). Etymology The new species is named after the type locality Baoshan. Remarks The new species is somewhat similar to H. (N.) nigronotata Kertész, 1915, from Taiwan, but can be separated from the latter by the spot on R 4+5 located almost below the spot on R 2+3. In nigronotata, the spot on R 4+5 is much beyond the spot on R 2+3 (Malloch, 1929). Homoneura (Neohomonaura) dischida sp. nov. (Figs. 6-11) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0718f190-5f9d-4d1d- A9E2-6E DE Diagnosis Wing with 4 brown spots at apex of R 2+3, preapical R 4+5, and along crossvein dm-cu; apical spots of R 2+3 and R 4+5 confluent; subcostal cell hyaline. Abdominal tergites 2-6 each with a black posterior stripe. Surstylus broad; hypandrium Y-shaped; aedeagus caved apically. Male Body length mm, wing length mm. Head yellow with grayish white pruinescence. Frons wider than long and parallel-sided, with two weak brownish lateral stripes; ocellar triangle brownish; face without spots; cheek about 1/5 height of eye. Hairs and bristles on head black; oc about as long as anterior or; posterior or longer than anterior or. Antenna yellow; 1st flagellomere brownish yellow basally, 1.9 times as long as wide;

4 30 NEOHOMONEURA OF YUNNAN arista black except brown basally, with longest hairs about longer than width of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis yellow, with blackish and yellowish hairs; paplus yellowish, with black hairs. Thorax subshiny yellow, with grayish white pruinescence. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. 0+3 dc (anteriormost dc broken and clearly behind transverse scutal suture), acr in 8 somewhat irregular rows. Legs yellow; tarsi brown apically. Hairs and bristles on legs black. Fore femur with 5 posterior ventral bristles and 9 posterior dorsal bristles, and ctenidium with short bristles. Mid femur with 6-7 anterior bristles; mid tibia with 1 preapical anterior dorsal bristle, 3 apico-ventral long spurs and 7 posterior bristles. Hind femur with 1 anterior preapical bristle and one row of anterior ventral bristles. Wing slightly tinged yellowish, with 4 brown spots at apex of R 2+3, preapical R 4+5, and along crossvein dm-cu; apical spots of R 2+3 and R 4+5 confluent; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2nd, 3rd and 4th sections in proportion of 12 : 3 : 2.3; r-m before middle of discal cell; ultimate section of M times as long as penultimate; ultimate section of M 3+4 about 1/7 of penultimate. Squama brown with blackish hairs. Halter yellow. Abdomen brownish, with grayish white pruinescence. Tergites 2-6 each with one black posterior stripe, tergites 3-6 with one rather narrow black median stripe. Male genitalia: Protandrium forming an incompletely sclerotized band, with separated bridge, and with bristles around spiracle; surstylus broad; hypandrium Y-shaped, hypandrial apodemes short, gonopod long; aedeagus caved apically. Female Body length mm, wing length mm. Type Holotype male, Yunnan: Baoshan, Baihualing (1500 m), V. 29, Xingyue Liu (CAU). Paratypes 2 males, 1 female, same data as holotype; 1 male, Yunnan: Baoshan, Baihualing (1500 m), V. 23, Yajun Zhu (MNHG); 1 female, Yunnan: Jinping, Fenshuiling (1500 m), V. 18, Shan Huo (CAU). Etymology The specific name refers to the separated bridge of protandrium. Remarks The new species is somewhat similar to H. (N.) lateriloba Sasakawa, 2001, from Viet Nam, but can be separated from the latter by the small spots of wings and weak hypandrial apodemes. In lateriloba, the spots of wings are large, the hypandrial apodemes are distinctly long (Sasakawa, 2001). Homoneura (Neohomonaura) dongae sp. nov. (Figs ) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:d4fa638a-3d23-470e-aae0- A5AD87847DCC Diagnosis Wing with 4 brown spots at apical R 2+3, subapical R 4+5,, and along crossvein dm-cu; apical spots of R 2+3 and R 4+5 sometimes confluent, apical spots of R 4+5 almost extended to apex; subcostal cell hyaline. Abdominal tergites 2-5 each with a black posterior stripe. Hypandrium H-shaped, gonopod long; aedeagus medially and preapically with 2 pairs of lateral spurs. Male Body length mm, wing length mm. Head yellow with grayish white pruinescence. Frons wider than long and parallel-sided; ocellar triangle yellowish; face without spots; cheek about 1/7 height of eye. Hairs and bristles on head black; oc somewhat longer than anterior or; posterior or longer than anterior or. Antenna yellow; 1st flagellomere brownish except yellow basally, 1.8 times as long as wide; arista black except brown basally, with longest hairs about longer than width of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis yellow, with blackish and yellowish hairs; paplus yellowish, with black hairs. Thorax subshiny yellow, with grayish white pruinescence. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. 0+3 dc (anteriormost dc clearly behind transverse scutal suture), acr in 8-9 somewhat irregular rows, prsc longer than 1st post-sutural dc. Legs yellow; tarsi brown apically. Hairs and bristles on legs black. Fore femur with 6 posterior ventral bristles and 9 posterior dorsal bristles, and ctenidium with short bristles. Mid femur with 5-6 anterior bristles; mid tibia with 1 preapical anterior dorsal bristle, 3 apico-ventral long spurs and 7-9 posterior bristles. Hind femur with 1 anterior preapical bristle, one row of anterior ventral bristles. Wing slightly tinged yellowish, with 4 brown spots at

5 LIANG AND YANG 31 apex of R 2+3, subapical R 4+5, and along crossvein dm-cu; apical spots of R 2+3 and R 4+5 sometimes confluent, apical spots of R 4+5 almost extended to apex; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2nd, 3rd and 4th sections in proportion of 13.5 : 3.5 : 2.4; r-m before middle of discal cell; ultimate section of M times as long as penultimate; ultimate section of M 3+4 about 1/5-1/6 of penultimate. Squama brownish with brown hairs. Halter yellow. Abdomen brownish, with grayish white pruinescence. Tergites 2-5 each with one posterior black stripe. Male genitalia: Protandrium forming a completely sclerotized band, with bristles around spiracle; surstylus broad; hypandrium H-shaped, hypandrial apodemes long, gonopod long; aedeagus medially and preapically with 2 pairs of lateral spurs. Female Body length mm, wing length mm. Type Holotype male, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Number 55 area, IV. 23, Hui Dong (CAU). Paratypes 6 males, 4 females, same data as holotype (CAU and MNHG); 5 males, 2 females, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Number 55 area, IV. 24, Hui Dong (CAU); 1 male 3 females, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Number 55 area, IV. 24, Wenliang Li (CAU). Etymology The new species is named after the collector Dr. Hui Dong. Remarks The new species is somewhat similar to H. (N.) pollex Sasakawa, 2001 from Viet Nam, but can be separated from the latter by the larger spots and distinct hypandrial apodemes. In H. pollex, the spots are smaller, and the hypandrial apodemes are rather weak (Sasakawa, 2001). Homoneura (Neohomonaura) incompleta Malloch, 1927 (Figs ) Homoneura (Neohomonaura) incompleta Malloch, 1927: 108. Type locality: Sumatra (Fort de Kock). Diagnosis Wing with apical brown spots of R 2+3, M 1+2 and spot along crossvein dm-cu fused into one large spot; subcostal cell hyaline. Abdominal tergites 2-6 (2-7 in female) each with one blackish brown posterior stripe. Aedeagal gonopod short and bifurcated; aedeagus long with rather weak incision apically. Male Body length mm, wing length mm. Head yellow with grayish white pruinescence. Frons wider than long and parallel-sided, with 2 brownish stripes; ocellar triangle brownish; face without spots; cheek about 1/6-1/7 height of eye. Hairs and bristles on head black; oc longer than anterior or; posterior or longer than anterior or. Antenna yellow; 1st flagellomere yellow except brownish apically, 1.6 times as long as wide; arista black except brown basally, with longest hairs longer than width of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis yellow, with blackish and yellowish hairs; paplus yellowish, with black hairs. Thorax subshiny yellow, with grayish white pruinescence. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. 0+3 dc (anteriormost dc clearly behind transverse scutal suture), acr in 8-10 somewhat irregular rows, prsc about as long as 1st post-sutural dc. Legs yellow; tarsi brown apically. Hairs and bristles on legs black. Fore femur with 5 posterior ventral bristles and 7 posterior dorsal bristles, and ctenidium with short bristles. Mid femur with 5-7 anterior bristles; mid tibia with 1 preapical anterior dorsal bristle, 3 apico-ventral long spurs and one one row of posterior bristles. Hind femur with 1 anterior preapical bristle, one row of anterior ventral bristles. Wing slightly tinged yellowish, apical brown spots of R 2+3, M 1+2 and spot along crossvein dm-cu fused into one large spot; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2nd, 3rd and 4th sections in proportion of 10 : 2.7 : 2.3; r-m before middle of discal cell; ultimate section of M times as long as penultimate; ultimate section of M 3+4 about 1/5-1/6 of penultimate. Squama brownish with brown hairs. Halter yellow. Abdomen yellow, with grayish white pruinescence. Tergites 2-6 each with one blackish brown stripe at apical margin. Male genitalia: Protandrium forming a completely sclerotized band, with bristles around spiracle; surstylus broad, narrowed apically and with one acute process; hypandrium broken, gonopod short and bifurcated; aedeagus long with rather weak incision apically.

6 32 NEOHOMONEURA OF YUNNAN Female Body length 5.0 mm, wing length 4.9 mm. Material 1 male, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Yexianggu, IV. 17, Hui Dong (CAU); 1 male, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Yexianggu, IV. 17, Wenliang Li (CAU); 1 male, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menlun Arboretum, IV. 22, Wenliang Li (CAU); 1 female, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Number 55 area, IV. 24, Hui Dong (CAU). Distribution Sumatra, Viet Nam, China (Yunnan, Hainan). Homoneura (Neohomonaura) indica Malloch, 1929 (Figs ) Homoneura (Neohomonaura) indica Malloch, 1929: 62.Type locality : Sumatra (Kyondo). Diagnosis Wing with two brown spots which are located along crossvein dm-cu and apical spots of R 2+3 are fused into one large spot; subcostal cell hyaline. Abdominal tergites 4-7 or 5-7 (female) and tergites 6 or 3-6 (male) each with one black median spot. Aedeagus with two pairs of subapical spurs and one pair of basal spurs, apically incised. Male Body length mm, wing length mm. Head yellow with yellowish gray pruinescence. Frons wide than long and parallel-sided, with two wide brownish lateral stripes; ocellar triangle yellow; face without spots; cheek about 1/5 height of eye. Hairs and bristles on head black; oc short than anterior or; posterior or longer than anterior or. Antenna yellow; 1st flagellomere yellow except pale brownish apically, 1.9 times as long as wide; arista black except brown basally, with longest hairs longer than width of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis yellow, with blackish and yellowish hairs; paplus yellowish, with black hairs. Thorax subshiny yellow, with yellowish gray pruinescence. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. 0+3 dc (anteriormost dc clearly behind transverse scutal suture), acr in somewhat irregular rows, prsc longer than 1st post-sutural dc. Legs yellow; tarsi brown apically. Hairs and bristles on legs black. Fore femur with 5 posterior ventral bristles and 9 posterior dorsal bristles, and ctenidium with short bristles. Mid femur with 5-6 anterior bristles; mid tibia with 1 preapical anterior dorsal bristle, 3 long apico-ventral spurs and 7 posterior bristles. Hind femur with 1 anterior preapical bristles, one row of anterior ventral bristles. Hind tibia with 1 preapical anterior dorsal bristle. Wing slightly tinged yellowish, with 2 brown spots which are located along crossvein dm-cu and apical spots of R 2+3 are fused into one large spot; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2nd, 3rd and 4th sections in proportion of 12 : 2.7 : 2.2; r-m before middle of discal cell; ultimate section of M times as long as penultimate; ultimate section of M 3+4 about 1/5-1/6 of penultimate. Squama brown with blackish hairs. Halter yellow. Abdomen pale yellow, with yellowish gray pruinescence. Tergites 4-7 or 5-7 (female) and tergites 6 or 3-6 (male) each with one black median spot. Male genitalia: Protandrium forming an incompletely sclerotized band, without bristles around spiracle; surstylus broad and curved apically, with hairs; hypandrium H-shaped, gonopod long; aedeagus with two pairs of subapical spurs and one pair of basal spurs, apically incised. Female Body length mm, wing length mm. Material 1 male, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Yexianggu, IV.18, Hui Dong (CAU); 1 male 2 females, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Arboretum, IX. 26, Wenliang Li (CAU); 1 male 1 female, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Yexianggu, VIII. 10, Wenliang Li (CAU); 1 male, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Yexianggu, IV. 17, Hui Dong (CAU); 1 female, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Arboretum, IX. 23, Wenliang Li (CAU). Distribution Burma, China (Yunnan). Homoneura (Neohomonaura) latisurstyla sp. nov. (Figs ) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6740f03c-13ba-4cce- B054-DDFC80DD4CC9 Diagnosis Wing with 4 brown spots at apex of R 2+3, preapically of R 4+5 and

7 LIANG AND YANG 33 along crossvein dm-cu; apical spots of R 2+3 and R 4+5 sometimes confluent; subcostal cell hyaline. Abdominal tergites 2-6 each with one black posterior stripe; aedeagus W-shaped and incised apically. Male Body length mm (male), wing length mm (male). Head yellow with yellowish gray pruinescence. Frons wider than long and parallel-sided; ocellar triangle brown; face testaceous without distinct black spots; cheek about 1/5 height of eye. Hairs and bristles on head black; oc longer than anterior or; posterior or longer than anterior or. Antenna brownish yellow; 1st flagellomere brownish yellow except yellow basally, 1.9 times as long as wide; arista black except brown basally, with longest hairs about as long as width of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis yellow, with blackish and yellowish hairs; paplus yellow, with black hairs. Thorax subshiny testaceous, with yellowish gray pruinescence. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. 0+3 dc (anteriormost dc clearly behind transverse scutal suture), acr in 8 rows, prsc longer than 1st post-sutural dc. Legs yellow; tarsi brown apically. Hairs and bristles on legs black. Fore femur with 6 posterior ventral bristles and 10 posterior dorsal bristles, and ctenidium with short bristles. Mid femur with 6 anterior bristles; mid tibia with 1 preapical anterior dorsal bristle, 3 apico-ventral long spurs and one row of posterior bristles. Hind femur with 1 anterior preapical bristle. Wing slightly tinged yellowish, with 4 brown spots at apex of R 2+3, preapical R 4+5 and along crossvein dm-cu; apical spots of R 2+3 and R 4+5 sometimes confluent; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2nd, 3rd and 4th sections in proportion of 13 : 3.5 : 2.4; r-m before middle of discal cell; ultimate section of M times as long as penultimate; ultimate section of M 3+4 about 1/7 of penultimate. Squama brown with black hairs. Halter brown. Abdomen blackish brown with yellowish gray pruinescence. Tergites 2-6 each with one black posterior stripe. Male genitalia: Protandrium forming an incompletely sclerotized band, with bristles around spiracle; surstylus very broad, with acute process apically; hypandrium H-shaped, gonopod short bifurcated apically; aedeagus W-shaped and incised apically. Female Body length mm (male), wing length mm (male) Type Holotype male, Yunnan: Baoshan, Baihualing (1500 m), V. 29, Xingyue Liu (CAU). Paratypes 3 females, same as holotype; 1 male, Yunnan: Baoshan, Baihualing (1500 m), V. 24, Yajun Zhu (CAU); 1 male, Yunnan: Baoshan, Baihualing (1500 m), V. 29, Yanlei Li (MNHG); 1 male, Yunnan: Baoshan, Lujiangba, VII. 21, Kuiyan Zhang (CAU). Etymology The new species is named after the broad surstylus. Remarks The new species is somewhat similar to H. (N.) paroeca (Kertész, 1915) from Taiwan, but can be separated from the latter by the spot on R 2+3 reaching the apex. In paroeca, the spot on R 2+3 does not reach the apex (Malloch, 1929). Homoneura (Neohomonaura) menglunensis sp. nov. (Figs ) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:72d41c2b-75e B96A-5062DCA1EEDE Diagnosis Wind with 4 brown spots at apex of R 2+3 and along crossvein dm-cu; apical spots sometimes confluent; subcostal cell hyaline. Abdominal tergites 2-4 or 2-5 each with one black posterior stripe. Surstylus slender; hypandrium Y-shaped; aedeagus apically caved, medially with one pair of dorsolateral teeth subapically. Male Body length mm, wing length mm. Head yellow with grayish white pruinescence. Frons wider than long and parallel-sided, with two brownish lateral stripes; ocellar triangle brownish; face without spots; cheek about 1/6 height of eye. Hairs and bristles on head black; oc about as long as anterior or; posterior or longer than anterior or. Antenna yellow; 1st flagellomere brownish yellow with yellow base, 2 times as long as wide; arista black except brown base, with longest hairs longer than width of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis brownish, with blackish and yellowish hairs; paplus yellow, with black hairs.

8 34 NEOHOMONEURA OF YUNNAN Thorax yellow, with grayish white pruinescence. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. 0+3 dc (anteriormost dc clearly behind transverse scutal suture), acr in 10 somewhat irregular rows, prsc about as long as 1st post-sutural dc. Legs yellow; tarsi brown apically. Hairs and bristles on legs black. Fore femur with 5 posterior ventral bristles and 11 posterior dorsal bristles, and ctenidium with short bristles. Mid femur with 5-7 anterior bristles; mid tibia with 1 preapical anterior dorsal bristle, 4 apico-ventral spurs and 5-6 posterior bristles. Hind femur with 1 anterior preapical bristle. Wing slightly tinged yellowish, with 4 brown spots at apex of R 2+3 and along crossvein dm-cu; apical spots sometimes confluent; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2nd, 3rd and 4th sections in proportion of 10:3.5:2.0; r-m before middle of discal cell; ultimate section of M times as long as penultimate; ultimate section of M 3+4 about 1/6 of penultimate. Squama blackish with black hairs. Halter yellow. Abdomen pale brownish, with grayish white pruinescence. Tergites 2-4 or 2-5 each with one black posterior stripe. Male genitalia: Protandrium forming a completely sclerotized band, with bristles above spiracle; surstylus slender with hairs, and curved outward, hypandrium Y-shaped, hypandrial apodemes weak, gonopod long with obtuse apex; aedeagus caved apically, medially with one pair of dorsolateral teeth subapically. Female Body length mm, wing length mm. Type Holotype male, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Number 55 area, IV. 24, Wenliang Li (CAU). Paratypes 6 males, 1 female, same as holotype; 4 males, 1 female, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menlun Arboretum, IV. 20, Wenliang Li (CAU and MNHG); 4 males, 1 female, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menlun Arboretum, IV. 20, Hui Dong (CAU); 2 males 3 femles, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menlun Arboretum, IV. 22, Wenliang Li (CAU); 1 male, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menlun Arboretum, IV. 22, Hui Dong (CAU). Etymology The new species is named after the type locality Menglun. Remarks The new species is somewhat similar to H. (N.) lateriloba Sasakawa, 2001 from Viet Nam, but can be separated from the latter by the slender surstylus and aedeagus with one pair of subapical teeth. In lateriloba, the surstylus is broad, and the aedeagus has no teeth (Sasakawa, 2001). Homoneura (Neohomonaura) nigribasis sp. nov. (Figs ) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:af e4d-4d0c- A3EC DFDD8A Diagnosis Wing with 4 brown spots at apex of R 2+3 and along crossvein dm-cu; apical spots almost confluent; subcostal cell hyaline. Abdominal tergites 2-5 each with one black posterior stripe. Surstylus broad, with width of base and apex almost equal; hypandrium Y-shaped; aedeagus with one pair of long lateral spurs basally and one pair of lateral spurs preapically. Male Body length 6.2 mm, wing length 6.3 mm. Head yellow with grayish white pruinescence. Frons wider than long and parallel-sided,with 2 brownish lateral stripes; ocellar triangle yellowish; face without spots; cheek about 1/6 height of eye. Hairs and bristles on head black; oc somewhat shorter than anterior or; posterior or longer than anterior or. Antenna yellow; 1st flagellomere brownish except yellow basally, 1.7 times as long as wide; arista black except brown basally, with longest hairs longer than width of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis brownish yellow, with blackish and yellowish hairs; paplus brownish yellow, with black hairs. Thorax yellow, with grayish white pruinescence, but thoracic dorsum brownish yellow. Hairs and bristles on thorax black. 0+3 dc (anteriormost dc clearly behind transverse scutal suture), acr in 8 somewhat irregular rows, prsc about as long as 1st post-sutural dc. Legs yellow; tarsi brown apically. Hairs and bristles on legs black. Fore femur with 5-6 posterior ventral bristles and 9 posterior dorsal bristles, and ctenidium with short bristles. Mid femur with 5 anterior bristles; mid tibia with 1 preapical anterior dorsal bristle, 3 apico-ventral long spurs and 5-7 posterior bristles. Hind femur with 1 anterior preapical bristle, one row of anterior ventral bristles. Wing

9 LIANG AND YANG 35 slightly tinged yellowish, with 4 brown spots at apex of R 2+3 and along crossvein dm-cu; apical spots almost confluent; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2nd, 3rd and 4th sections in proportion of 14: 3.7 : 2.6; r-m before middle of discal cell; ultimate section of M times as long as penultimate; ultimate section of M 3+4 about 1/6 of penultimate. Squama brownish with brown hairs. Halter yellow. Abdomen yellow, with grayish white pruinescence. Tergites 2-5 each with one black stripe at apical margin. Male genitalia: Protandrium forming a completely sclerotized band, without bristles around spiracle; epandrium slender in lateral view; surstylus broad, with width of base and apex almost equal; hypandrium Y-shaped, gonopod short; aedeagus with one pair of long lateral spurs basally and one pair of lateral spurs preapically. Female Unknown. Type Holotype male, Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Number 55 area, IV. 24, Wenliang Li (CAU). Etymology The specific name refers to the black base of the aedeagus. Remarks The new species is somewhat similar to H. (N.) intereuns (Walker, 1856) from Malaya, but can be separated from the latter by the weak hypandrial apodemes and aedeagus with one pair of long spurs. In intereuns, the hypandrial apodemes are distinct, and the aedeagus has no spurs (Sasakawa, 2001). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are very grateful to Dr. Hui Dong, Dr. Yajun Zhu, Dr. Kuiyan Zhang, Ms. Yanlei Li and Dr. Xingyue Liu (Beijing) for collecting the specimens. The research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China (2012FY111100) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( ) and the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology ( ). REFERENCES Gao, C. X. and Yang, D Family Lauxaniidae: In: Yang, X. K. (Eds). Insects from Mt. Shiwandashan Area of Guangxi. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing: Gao, C. X. & Yang, D Note on the genus Homoneura from Guizhou, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa 1010: Gao, C. X. and Yang, D Family Lauxaniidae: In: Jin, D. C. and Li, Z. Z. (Eds). Insects from Chishui Spinulose Tree Fern Landscape. Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guiyang: Kertész, K H. Sauter`s Formosa Ausbeute. Lauxaniidae (Dipt). II. Annales Musei National Hungarici 13: Malloch, J. R Notes on some Oriental sapromyzid flies (Diptera) with particular reference to the Philippine species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 74(6): McAlpine, J. F Morphology and Terminology Adults. pp In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E. Teskey, H. J.,Vockeroth, J. R., & Wood, D. M. (Coords.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Vol. 1. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Monograph 27, pp Sasakawa, M Lauxaniidae (Diptera) of Malaysia (Part 2): A revision of Homoneura van der Wulp. Insecta Matsumurana new series 46: Sasakawa, M Oriental Lauxaniidae (Diptera) (Part 2): Fauna of the Lauxaniidae of Viet Nam. Scientific Reports of Kyoto Prefectural University, Human Environment and Agriculture 53: Sasakawa, M. & Ikeuchi, S A revision of the Japanese species of Homoneura (Homoneura) (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Part 1. Kontyû 50(3): Shatalkin, A. I Keys to the Palaearctic flies of the family Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Zoologicheskie Issledovania 5:

10 Shewell, G.E. (1987) Lauxaniidae, pp In: McAlpine, J.F., Peterson, B.V., Shewell, G.E., Teskey, H.J., Vockeroth, J.R.,Wood, D.M. (Coords.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Vol. 2. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Monograph 28: Shi, L. & Yang, D Species of the subgenus Neohomoneura van der Wulp from Hainan in China (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa, 1793: Shi, L., Wang J. C. & Yang, D Nine new species from China of the subgenera Chaetohomoneura and Neohomoneura in the genus Homoneura (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Zootaxa, 2975: LIANG AND YANG 36

11 37 NEOHOMONEURA OF YUNNAN Figs Homoneura (Neohomonaura) baoshanensis sp. nov. (male). 1. Wing; 2. epandrium, lateral view; 3. epandrium, posterior view; 4. aedeagal complex, posterior view; 5. aedeagal complex, lateral view.

12 LIANG AND YANG 38 Figs Homoneura (Neohomonaura) dischida sp. nov. (male). 6. Wing; 7. epandrium, lateral view; 8. epandrium, posterior view; 9. protandrium, anterior view; 10. aedeagal complex, posterior view; 11. aedeagal complex, lateral view.

13 39 NEOHOMONEURA OF YUNNAN Figs Homoneura (Neohomonaura) dongae sp. nov. (male). 12. Wing; 13. epandrium, lateral view; 14. epandrium, posterior view; 15. protandrium, anterior view; 16. aedeagal complex, posterior view; 17. aedeagal complex, lateral view.

14 LIANG AND YANG 40 Figs Homoneura (Neohomonaura) latisurstyla sp. nov. (male). 18. Wing; 19. epandrium, lateral view; 20. epandrium, posterior view; 21. protandrium, anterior view; 22. aedeagal complex, posterior view; 23. aedeagal complex, lateral view.

15 41 NEOHOMONEURA OF YUNNAN Figs Homoneura (Neohomonaura) incompleta Malloch, 1927 (male). 24. Wing; 25. epandrium, lateral view; 26. epandrium, posterior view; 27. protandrium, anterior view; 28. aedeagal complex, posterior view; 29. aedeagal complex, lateral view.

16 LIANG AND YANG 42 Figs Homoneura (Neohomonaura) indica Malloch, 1929 (male). 30. Wing; 31. epandrium, lateral view; 32. epandrium, posterior view; 33. protandrium, anterior view; 34. aedeagal complex, posterior view; 35. aedeagal complex, lateral view.

17 43 NEOHOMONEURA OF YUNNAN Figs Homoneura (Neohomonaura) menglunensis sp. nov. (male). 36. Wing; 37. epandrium, lateral view; 38. epandrium, posterior view; 39. protandrium, anterior view; 40. aedeagal complex, posterior view; 41. aedeagal complex, lateral view.

18 LIANG AND YANG 44 Figs Homoneura (Neohomonaura) nigribasis sp. nov. (male). 42. Wing; 43. epandrium, lateral view; 44. epandrium, posterior view; 45. protandrium, anterior view; 46. aedeagal complex, posterior view; 47. aedeagal complex, lateral view.