MSFD and MEDCIS contribution

Transcription

1 MSFD and MEDCIS contribution Continuous underwater noise in the Mediterranean Sea with emphasis on modelling of shipping noise Noise Workshop, 23 Feb 2018, Athens, Greece Aristides Prospathopoulos, HCMR medcis.eu

2 Outline Current MSFD requirements for D11 Related projects on addressing D (D11C2) Why shipping noise should be addressed? MEDCIS contribution Future supplementary research

3 Current MSFD requirements for D11 Commission Directive (EU) 2017/845 of 17 May 2017 amending Directive 2008/56/EC as regards the indicative lists of elements to be taken into account for the preparation of marine strategies Commission Decision (EU) 2017/848 of 17 May 2017 laying down criteria and methodological standards on good environmental status of marine waters and specifications and standardised methods for monitoring and assessment, and repealing Decision 2010/477/EU D11C1 (Anthropogenic impulsive sound in water) Primary: The spatial distribution, temporal extent, and levels of anthropogenic impulsive sound sources do not exceed levels that adversely affect populations of marine animals. MSs shall establish threshold values for these levels through cooperation at Union level, taking into account regional or subregional specificities. D11C2 (Anthropogenic continuous low-frequency sound in water) Primary: The spatial distribution, temporal extent, and levels of anthropogenic continuous lowfrequency sound do not exceed levels that adversely affect populations of marine animals. MSs shall establish threshold values for these levels through cooperation at Union level, taking into account regional or subregional specificities.

4 Current MSFD requirements for D11 Scale of assessment: Region, subregion or subdivisions Use of criteria: The extent to which good environmental status has been achieved shall be expressed for each area assessed as follows: (a) for D11C1, the duration per calendar year of impulsive sound sources, their distribution within the year and spatially within the assessment area, and whether the threshold values set have been achieved; (b) for D11C2, the annual average of the sound level, or other suitable temporal metric agreed at regional or subregional level, per unit area and its spatial distribution within the assessment area, and the extent (%, km2) of the assessment area over which the threshold values set have been achieved. The use of criteria D11C1 and D11C2 in the assessment of GES for Descriptor 11 shall be agreed at Union level. The outcomes of these criteria shall also contribute to assessments under Descriptor 1. For D11C1/ D11C2 monitoring: MSs may consider other specific sources with higher frequency bands if longer-range effects are considered relevant/ MSs may also decide at regional or subregional level to monitor for additional frequency bands.

5 Related projects on addressing D11C2 PAST PROJECTS (FP7) AQUO: ACHIEVE QUIETER OCEANS BY SHIPPING NOISE FOOTPRINT REDUCTION SONIC: SUPPRESSION OF UW NOISE INDUCED BY CAVITATION RUNNING PROJECTS (MSFD Second cycle) QUIETMED Joint programme on noise (D11) for the implementation of the Second Cycle of the MSFD in the MEDITERRANEAN SEA

6 Impact of shipping noise on marine fauna Related literature and AQUO Project Case Studies Impact on Fishes (Case study: Atlantic Cod) Flight reactions: cods moving horizontally away and downwards in front of passing and approaching vessels; caged cod with playback of vessel noise; Behavioral reaction to broadband sound pressure levels at about db above their hearing threshold; AQUO: Tagged wild cod reacted to shipping noise of about 120 to 140 db re 1 μpa in the frequency spectrum Hz. Impact on marine mammals (Case study: Harbor Porpoise) AQUO: Ship noise has the potential to mask the auditory perception of harbor porpoises over the frequency range KHz. Masking through ship noise changes the entire auditory scene for harbor porpoises and gradually reduces the range over which they can operate acoustically, i.e. detect the narrowband vocalisations of their predators (whistles killer whales). Impact on Invertebrates (Case study: Cuttlefish) There is evidence that the cuttlefish statocysts present acoustic trauma after exposure to low frequency sounds, but not enough data to quantify these reactions to establish threshold values; AQUO: Similar injuries were revealed in the inner structure of the statocysts, as those found in cuttlefish in previous experiments.

7 Species of marine animals in Greece Cetaceans Delphinus delphis (Common Dolphin) Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale) Phocoena phocoena (Harbour Porpoise) Tursiops truncatus (Bottlenose Dolphin) Stenella coeruleoalba (Striped Dolphin) Balaenoptera physalus (Fin Whale) Ziphius cavirostris (Cuvier's Beaked Whale) Grampus griseus (Risso s Dolphin) Monachus monachus (Mediterranean Monk Seal) Caretta-caretta (Loggerhead) IUCN Red list Endangered Endangered Endangered Vulnerable Vulnerable Vulnerable Data Deficient Data Deficient Critically Endangered Endangered

8 The example of phocoena phocoena Density map for 2017 obtained from marinetraffic.com Detail from the worldwide distribution of phocoena phocoena obtained from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version

9 Subtask 2.2.3: Towards common approaches for noise indicators assessment in the Mediterranean (Co-leaders: HCMR, NTUA) I. Collate available information relative to D11 as well as approaches and experience of the corresponding assessment [HCMR, IFREMER, IWRS] II. a) Develop a method for the estimation of the radiated noise of specific vessels, based on specific parameters of the ship, mainly the propeller and machinery system [NTUA] b) Estimate shipping noise (results from acoustic modelling) in the geographical area of the Southern Adriatic Ionian Sea around the Capo d Otranto [NTUA, HCMR] (D2.1) III. Validation of the methodology and model calculations with measurements using a network of hydrophones [USALENTO, NTUA, HCMR]

10 Status of Monitoring Programmes and PoMs in Mediterranean MSs France MAI-2015.pdf/manage_document (2) Greece MMES_EN.pdf (not started yet) _document (3) Slovenia No Monitoring Programme / Sparse measurements (port of Koper, maritime traffic lines) > high levels 1 measure for D11C1 (estimated cost: 29 k ) and 3 measures for D11C2 (estimated cost: 164 k )

11 State-of-the-art in Slovenia for D11C2 Measurements 2011: First short-term measurements performed 2014: Short-term measurements at specific locations (near Port Koper, marina Izola) 2015: Permanent measurements (lighthouse 300 m off the coast) Modelling Pilot noise modelling has been conducted in 2014 and 2015 A range-dependent parabolic equation modelling approach was used Yearly noise levels were modelled based on generic yearly maritime traffic in the Gulf of Trieste Results correspond relatively well with the measured levels at the permanent measuring station Way forward Further development in the field of data handling Modelling to ensure noise levels for the whole area of the Slovenian sea Assess sensitivity of the ecosystems to underwater noise Set-up thresholds values Cooperation with neighboring countries is needed

12 Modelling radiated noise from ship/propeller Effort to introduce directivity of the sound source to the sound propagation modeling

13 Modeling of sound propagation AIS data Oceanographic data Temperature and salinity maps for various depths Geographical data Bathymetry Studied area: Capo d Otranto Acoustic propagation model

14 AIS data From AQUO and SONIC Common Guidelines Parameters currently broadcasted by AIS useful to determine the SL of a ship: length, beam, draught, actual speed over ground and ship type. In order to more accurately determine the SL of a ship using AIS data, it would be desirable to add a number of additional parameters to the AIS broadcast. Limitations: i) what a ship owner can realistically be expected to provide; ii) how much data can be broadcast in the AIS message. A selection of the most desirable parameters to be included: More specific ship type categories, in particular the division of the cargo ship type category Design speed Automatic updating of draught (e.g. by dedicated sensor) Propeller type (CPP or FPP) Main engine type Block coefficient Propeller diameter Number of propellers Load conditions Propeller revolution at design speed

15 Estimation of professional fishing fleet noise Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) + Vessel specifications + Sound propagation modeling Estimation of noise budget from the fishing fleet in a specific area Fishing fleet with VMS: 295/ 295 trawlers - 225/257 boats - 84/15759 coastal vessels

16 Thank You!