3. What law of heredity explains that traits, like texture and color, are inherited independently of each other?

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1 Section 2: Genetics Chapter 11 pg Part 1: Refer to the table of pea plant traits on the right. Then complete the table on the left by filling in the missing information for each cross. 6. What rule of heredity says that if a dominant allele is present, then that will be the allele expressed in the offspring? Part 2: Fill in the phenotype of and check ( ) the correct genotype.

2 Part 3: Refer to the book on dihybrid crosses to answer the following questions. 1. Give the phenotype and genotype of the First generation produced when Mendel crossed pea plants that had round, yellow seeds (RRYY) with pea plants that had wrinkled, green seeds (rryy). Phenotype: Genotype: 2. Give the phenotype ratio of the second generation that was produced when Mendel allowed the first generation to undergo self-fertilization (RrYy x RrYy). Phenotype Ratio: 3. What law of heredity explains that traits, like texture and color, are inherited independently of each other? 4. What law of heredity states that alleles must separate when gametes are formed? Part 4: True or False 1. Traits controlled by more than two alleles are said to have multiple alleles. 2. Two chromosomes called sex-chromosomes determine the sex of an individual. 3. The sex chromosomes of a human male are XX and the sex chromosomes of a human female are XY. 4. Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes are called sex-linked traits. 5. Blood tests can be used to prove that a certain man is definitely the father of a child. 6. Eye color is an example of polygenic inheritance.

3 Part 5: Check whether the statement is describing sexual or asexual reproduction. Part 6: Choose the correct term to finish the sentence. 1. The type of reproduction that takes only one parent is called (sexual, asexual) reproduction. 2. The type of reproduction that combines chromosomes from both parents to create a unique offspring is (sexual, asexual) reproduction. 3. Most complex organisms reproduce by (sexual, asexual) reproduction. 4. The type of reproduction that creates clones is called (sexual, asexual) reproduction. 5. The type of cell division that produces cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell is called (mitosis, meiosis). 6. Cells in which chromosomes are found in pairs are called (diploid, haploid) cells. 7. Sister chromatids separate during (Meiosis 1, Meiosis 2). Part 7: Multiple-choice 1. If a human body cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will a human sex cell have? a. 23 b. 46 c. 92 d When a part of body grows into a new organism it is called a. sexual reproduction b. Regeneration c. budding d. meiosis

4 3. Once a zygote is formed, it will grow and develop through the process of a. Mitosis b. meiosis c. sexual reproduction d. fertilization Part 8: True or False 11. In sexual reproduction, sex cells are formed by meiosis. 12. When chromosomes are in the tetrad formation, they can swap genetic information. 13. All body cells are haploid cells. 14. In females, one body cell will divide to create one egg cell and three polar bodies. Chapter 12 pg Part 9: Short Answers 1. Diagram DNA, including the structure of its subunits. 2. List the four DNA bases and their one-letter abbreviations. 3. Why is DNA important to living things? 4. What is the importance of DNA replication? What 2 processes does it occur before? 5. Give the complementary strand for this strand of DNA: ATTAGCGAGATC

5 Chapter 13: pg How does DNA differ from RNA? Provide three differences. 7. Protein synthesis describes the flow of genetic information from gene to protein, and includes two key steps, transcription and translation. Fill in the chart below: Process Starting Material End Product Location Transcription Translation 8. Transcribe this DNA strand into mrna: TGTCCATAGCTC 9. Use a genetic code chart or wheel to translate this mrna strand into the amino acids: AUGGCGUUCACA Part 10: Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. 1. A mutation is any mistake or change in the a. RNA sequence b. DNA sequence c. ribosomes d. Nucleus

6 2. A point mutation is a change in a. Several bases in mrna b. several bases in trna c. A single base pair in DNA d. several base pairs in DNA 3. A mutation is which a single base is added or deleted from DNA is called a. a frameshift mutation b. a point mutation c. translocation d. aneuploidy