Open Flower. Juvenile leaf Flowerbud. Carpel 35 NA NA NA NA 61 NA 95 NA NA 15 NA 41 3 NA

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Open Flower. Juvenile leaf Flowerbud. Carpel 35 NA NA NA NA 61 NA 95 NA NA 15 NA 41 3 NA"

Transcription

1 PaxDB Root Juvenile leaf Flowerbud Open Flower Carpel Mature Pollen Silique Seed Sec3a Sec3b Sec5a Sec5b Sec6 Sec8 Sec10a/b Sec15a Sec15b Exo84a Exo84b Exo84c Exo70A1 Exo70A2 Exo70A Scale > Supplemental Figure S1. Abundance of each Arabidopsis exocyst subunit in different tissues from the Protein Abundance Across Organisms database (Wang et al., 2012). In PaxDB, protein abundance is listed as a value in parts per million (ppm) for each protein identified in a tissue-specific proteomics dataset. = Not Available. Previously we have shown by microarray expression analyses that SEC3a, SEC3b, SEC5a, SEC5b, SEC6, SEC8, SEC10a/b, SEC15a, SEC15b, EXO70A1, EXO84b and EXO84c are all are expressed in the stigma (Safavian et al., 2014). EXO84a was not represented on the microarray, but EXO84a is shown to be pollen-specific in this dataset.

2 sec3ab sec5ab sec6 sec8 sec10ab sec15b sec15ab exo84b DIC Aniline blue DIC Aniline blue DIC Aniline blue Wildtype Col-0 DIC Aniline blue DIC Aniline blue Supplemental Figure S2. Pollen grain attachment and pollen tube growth following pollination of transgenic pistils with wild-type Col-0 pollen. Following 2 hour pollinations, the transgenic pistils were stained with aniline blue to visualize the pollen tubes. All transgenic pistils from the exocyst subunit R silencing/knockout lines showed reduced compatible pollen responses with reduced pollen grain adhesion (DIC images) and pollen tube growth (aniline blue images). Scale bars = 50 µm.

3 sec3ab sec5ab sec6 sec8 sec10ab sec15ab exo84b DIC Aniline blue DIC Aniline blue DIC Aniline blue Wildtype Col-0 DIC Aniline blue DIC Aniline blue Supplemental Figure S3. Pollen grain attachment and pollen tube growth following pollination of wild-type Col-0 pistils with transgenic pollen. Following 2 hour pollinations, pistils were stained with aniline blue to visualize the pollen tubes. All the transgenic pollen from the exocyst subunit R silencing/knockout lines showed wild-type compatible responses with abundant transgenic pollen grain adhesion (DIC images) and pollen tube growth (aniline blue images) on wild-type Col-0 pistils. Scale bars = 50 µm.

4 Col-0 sec3ab line 1 sec5ab line 2 sec6 line 1 sec8 line 3 sec10ab line 3 sec15ab line 2 exo84b line 3 Supplemental Figure S4. Phenotypes of flowering plants from the exocyst subunit R silencing/knockout lines. One representative R silencing/knockout line is shown for each exocyst subunit. In comparison to wild-type Col-0, normal growth and flowering was generally observed for all the transgenic lines, with the exception of smaller siliques due to reduced seed set. Scale bars = 3 cm.

5 A B C Col-0 sec3ab D E F sec5ab sec6 sec8 sec10ab G H I sec15ab exo84b Supplemental Figure S5. Phenotypes of stigmatic papillae from the exocyst subunit R silencing/knockout lines. Elongated stigmatic papillae are present in late stage 12 flower buds (this is the final stage prior to anthesis and anther dehiscence; Smyth et al., 1990; Sanders et al., 1999) for wild type Col-0 and all the R silencing/knockout lines. For each line, the late stage 12 flower bud is shown in the top left panel while a close-up of the stigma is shown in the top right panel (n>30 for each line). For comparison, a freshly-opened flower (Stage 13) in shown in the bottom left panel while a close-up of the stigma is shown in the bottom right panel. Representative images are shown from R silencing/knockout lines for each exocyst subunit. Fully elongated stigmatic papillae were observed in all transgenic lines. Scale bars = 150 µm.

6 sec3ab line 2 sec6 line 1 sec8 line 2 sec15ab line 1 Col-0 Supplemental Figure S6. Phenotypes of tracheary elements in pistils from the exocyst subunit R silencing/knockout lines. The Arabidopsis exo70a1 mutant was previously found to have disrupted tracheary elements (TEs) in the pistil, potentially implicating other exocyst subunits in TE development (Li et al, 2013). This study used the SLR1 promoter to direct strong expression at late stages of stigma development, and this strategy was predicted to allow normal TE differentiation in the pistil. Intact TEs are clearly visible in dark field microscopy images (marked by yellow arrows) for representative pistils from select R silencing/knockout lines. Scale bar = 400 μm.

Flowers, Fruit and Seeds Notes Flower Structure and Reproduction Taken from

Flowers, Fruit and Seeds Notes Flower Structure and Reproduction Taken from Flowers, Fruit and Seeds Notes Flower Structure and Reproduction Taken from http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/flower_coloring.html Flowers are the plant's reproductive structures. Angiosperms are

More information

Supplemental Information. Figures. Figure S1

Supplemental Information. Figures. Figure S1 Supplemental Information Figures Figure S1 Identification of JAGGER T-DNA insertions. A. Positions of T-DNA and Ds insertions in JAGGER are indicated by inverted triangles, the grey box represents the

More information

BARLEY CROSSING METHODS

BARLEY CROSSING METHODS BARLEY CROSSING METHODS Plants for crossing can be grown in the field, or in glasshouses. Indoor grown plants are generally easier to work with and crossing success is often better. The label for each

More information

Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3B2

Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3B2 The Plant Cell, Vol. 21: 2655 2671, September 2009, www.plantcell.org ã 2009 American Society of Plant Biologists Cellular Pathways Regulating Responses to Compatible and Self-Incompatible Pollen in Brassica

More information

3/18/2012. Chapter 36. Flower Parts. Flower Parts. Reproduction in Angiosperms

3/18/2012. Chapter 36. Flower Parts. Flower Parts. Reproduction in Angiosperms Chapter 36 Reproduction in Angiosperms Bryophytes >450mya 360 mya Fig. 27-4, p. 584 Lily Flower Flower Parts Sepals cover and protect flower parts in bud Collectively calyx Petals Can attract animal pollinators

More information

Reproduction 19/02/2016. Asexual Reproduction. Budding: Types of asexual reproduction: SEXUAL VS. ASEXUAL

Reproduction 19/02/2016. Asexual Reproduction. Budding: Types of asexual reproduction: SEXUAL VS. ASEXUAL Asexual Reproduction Reproduction SEXUAL VS. ASEXUAL One parent cell divides by mitosis to produce 2 daughter cells which are clones of the parent Types of asexual reproduction: Budding: 1. Budding 2.

More information

Supplemental Data. Wu et al. (2010). Plant Cell /tpc

Supplemental Data. Wu et al. (2010). Plant Cell /tpc Supplemental Figure 1. FIM5 is preferentially expressed in stamen and mature pollen. The expression data of FIM5 was extracted from Arabidopsis efp browser (http://www.bar.utoronto.ca/efp/development/),

More information

Past Questions on Plant Reproduction

Past Questions on Plant Reproduction Past Questions on Plant Reproduction Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D in figure 1 State one function for each A and B. Figure 1 Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D,E and F in figure 2 What is the function

More information

Testing the ABC floral-organ identity model: expression of A and C function genes

Testing the ABC floral-organ identity model: expression of A and C function genes Objectives: Testing the ABC floral-organ identity model: expression of A and C function genes To test the validity of the ABC model for floral organ identity we will: 1. Use the model to make predictions

More information

Supplemental Data. Müller-Xing et al. (2014). Plant Cell /tpc

Supplemental Data. Müller-Xing et al. (2014). Plant Cell /tpc Supplemental Figure 1. Phenotypes of iclf (clf-28 swn-7 CLF pro :CLF-GR) plants. A, Late rescue of iclf plants by renewed DEX treatment; senescent inflorescence with elongated siliques (arrow; 90 DAG,

More information

Plants Provision for Life. Chapter 2 7 th Grade

Plants Provision for Life. Chapter 2 7 th Grade Plants Provision for Life Chapter 2 7 th Grade Lesson 2.1- Structure of Flowers Pistil- female reproductive structure Stigma- sticky top part. Traps pollen. Style- slender tube connecting stigma and ovary.

More information

Student Exploration: Pollination: Flower to Fruit

Student Exploration: Pollination: Flower to Fruit Name: Date: Student Exploration: Pollination: Flower to Fruit Vocabulary: anther, cross pollination, filament, fruit, nectar, ovary, ovule, pedicel, petal, pistil, pollen, pollen tube, pollination, receptacle,

More information

The Flower - what is it? 1/31/18. Magnoliophyta - Flowering Plants. Magnoliophyta - Flowering Plants. Magnoliophyta - Flowering Plants

The Flower - what is it? 1/31/18. Magnoliophyta - Flowering Plants. Magnoliophyta - Flowering Plants. Magnoliophyta - Flowering Plants - what is it? Floral structure will be examined in lab next Mon/Tues save space in your notes! Introduction to Angiosperms "angio-" = vessel; so "angiosperm" means "vessel for the seed [seed encased in

More information

Botany Physiology. Due Date Code Period Earned Points

Botany Physiology. Due Date Code Period Earned Points Name Botany Physiology C/By Due Date Code Period Earned Points Bot Phys 4W1 Flowers (divide by 6.5) Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 1. (4 points) The female reproductive organs are the

More information

Plant Reproduction fertilization

Plant Reproduction fertilization Plant Reproduction In the plant kingdom, both sexual and asexual reproduction occur. Recall from Chapter 3 that plants reproduce sexually by sporic reproduction, which is also called alternation of generations.

More information

Plant Science 1203L Laboratory 5 - Sexual Reproduction (Pollination and Double Fertilization)

Plant Science 1203L Laboratory 5 - Sexual Reproduction (Pollination and Double Fertilization) Plant Science 1203L Laboratory 5 - Sexual Reproduction (Pollination and Double Fertilization) Today s lab is about sexual reproduction in plants. As with stem or root structure there are numerous definitions

More information

We will learn to label the parts of a plant and flower.

We will learn to label the parts of a plant and flower. 5 th level CS We will learn to label the parts of a plant and flower. We will learn that plants produce flowers which have male and female organs. We will learn that seeds are formed when pollen from the

More information

The Structure of a Flower Information Sheet

The Structure of a Flower Information Sheet The Structure of a Flower Information Sheet Petals stigma Stamen anther Carpel male part female part of the of the flower filament ovary flower sepal stalk The Stamen Carpel The male part of the flower

More information

Operation Flower Dissection

Operation Flower Dissection Operation Flower Dissection Classroom Activity: K-4 Time: One to two 50-minute class periods Overview: In this activity, students will observe the similarities and differences between flowers of different

More information

Hybridization between Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and Lycopersicon pennellii Cor.: Pollen Fertility and Viability in F 1.

Hybridization between Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and Lycopersicon pennellii Cor.: Pollen Fertility and Viability in F 1. 767 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 12 (2006), 767-774 National Centre for Agrarian Sciences Hybridization between Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and Lycopersicon pennellii Cor.: Pollen Fertility

More information

Chapter 38. Plant Reproduction. AP Biology

Chapter 38. Plant Reproduction. AP Biology Chapter 38. Plant Reproduction 1 Animal vs. Plant life cycle Animal multicellular 2n Plant multicellular sporophyte 2n gametes 1n spores 1n unicellular gametes 1n multicellular gametophyte 1n 2 Alternation

More information

Nyla Phillips-Martin 2013 mscraftynyla.blogspot.com

Nyla Phillips-Martin 2013 mscraftynyla.blogspot.com 1 Here are exciting ways to teach your students about the parts of a flower and the function of each part. It includes: A DIY craft activity for assembling the flower parts together to make a complete

More information

Chapter 38. Plant Reproduction. AP Biology

Chapter 38. Plant Reproduction. AP Biology Chapter 38. Plant Reproduction 1 Animal vs. Plant life cycle Animal multicellular 2n Plant multicellular sporophyte 2n gametes 1n spores 1n unicellular gametes 1n multicellular gametophyte 1n 2 Alternation

More information

UNIT 4. REPRODUCTION

UNIT 4. REPRODUCTION UNIT 4. REPRODUCTION ACTIVITIES: 1. What is the life cycle? Explain the main stages in a living being s life cycle 2. What is reproduction? 3. What is the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

More information

Supplemental Data. Wang et al. (2013). Plant Cell /tpc

Supplemental Data. Wang et al. (2013). Plant Cell /tpc Supplemental Data. Wang et al. (2013). Plant Cell 10.1105/tpc.112.108993 Supplemental Figure 1. 3-MA Treatment Reduces the Growth of Seedlings. Two-week-old Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings germinated on

More information

The Rab GTPase RabA4d Regulates Pollen Tube Tip Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana W

The Rab GTPase RabA4d Regulates Pollen Tube Tip Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana W The Plant Cell, Vol. 21: 526 544, February 2009, www.plantcell.org ã 2009 American Society of Plant Biologists The Rab GTPase RabA4d Regulates Pollen Tube Tip Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana W Amy L. Szumlanski

More information

Supplemental Data. Di Giorgio et al. (2016). Plant Cell /tpc

Supplemental Data. Di Giorgio et al. (2016). Plant Cell /tpc Supplemental Figure 1. Synteny analysis of NIP4;1 and NIP4;2. Examination of the NIP4;1-NIP4;2 region in rabidopsis thaliana and equivalent evolutionary regions in other dicot genomes are shown on the

More information

Flower Morphology. Flower Structure

Flower Morphology. Flower Structure wrong 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 right 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 score 100 98.8 97.6 96.4 95.2 94.0 92.9 91.7 90.5 89.3 88.1 86.9 85.7 84.5

More information

Ontwikkeling; bevruchting

Ontwikkeling; bevruchting Ontwikkeling; bevruchting http://www.lima.ohiostate.edu/biology/archive/flowers. html Young Lily anther x40. Four pollen sacs and a cross section of the fillament are visible. Diploid (2N chromosomes)

More information

The Flower, Pollination, and Seeds

The Flower, Pollination, and Seeds The Flower, Pollination, and Seeds Class 9 th Chapters 6,7,8 1 The Flower A complete or a perfect flower, has all the four Whorls. If, even one whorl is missing, it is an Incomplete Flower. The fourth

More information

A putative MYB35 ortholog is a candidate for the sex-determining genes in Asparagus

A putative MYB35 ortholog is a candidate for the sex-determining genes in Asparagus Supplementary figures for: A putative MYB35 ortholog is a candidate for the sex-determining genes in Asparagus officinalis Daisuke Tsugama, Kohei Matsuyama, Mayui Ide, Masato Hayashi, Kaien Fujino, and

More information

HALF FILLED promotes reproductive tract development and fertilization efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana

HALF FILLED promotes reproductive tract development and fertilization efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana RESEARCH ARTICLE 2999 Development 138, 2999-3009 (2011) doi:10.1242/dev.067793 2011. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd HALF FILLED promotes reproductive tract development and fertilization efficiency

More information

NOTES: CH 38 Plant Reproduction

NOTES: CH 38 Plant Reproduction NOTES: CH 38 Plant Reproduction *Modifications in reproduction were key adaptations enabling plants to spread into a variety of terrestrial habitats. * Water has been replaced by wind and animals as a

More information

Techniques for Viewing Pollen Tubes in Angiosperm Flowers

Techniques for Viewing Pollen Tubes in Angiosperm Flowers The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Honors Research Projects The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors College Spring 2016 Techniques for Viewing Pollen Tubes in Angiosperm Flowers Cameron

More information

16B Flower Dissection

16B Flower Dissection 16B How does the design of flower help in its pollination? Do you know where the saying the birds and the bees came from? It all started with flowers. Plants require pollinators like birds and bees to

More information

Flowering plants can be pollinated by wind or animals.

Flowering plants can be pollinated by wind or animals. Wed 4/5 Activities Learning Target Class Activities *attached below (scroll down)* Website: my.hrw.com Username: bio678 Password:a4s5s Describe the reproductive organs and fertilization of flowering plants.

More information

"Our Flowering World" PRE-TEST. Directions: Write a definition for each of the terms listed below:

Our Flowering World PRE-TEST. Directions: Write a definition for each of the terms listed below: 1 PRE-TEST Directions: Write a definition for each of the terms listed below: 1. fertilization 2. embryo 3. pollen 4. anther 5. pistil 6. stamen 7. ovule 8. nectar 9. ovary 10. style Directions: Use the

More information

Biology Journal Volume I

Biology Journal Volume I BI 101 Fall 2018 Monday Oct. 8 2018 5:00 p.m. 131 Weniger 1. Journals can be turned in early 2. Late Portfolio? Can be turned in to 131 Weniger either: (A) Monday Oct. 8 5:01 p.m. - Tuesday Oct. 9 12:00

More information

Supplemental Information. Spatial Auxin Signaling. Controls Leaf Flattening in Arabidopsis

Supplemental Information. Spatial Auxin Signaling. Controls Leaf Flattening in Arabidopsis Current Biology, Volume 27 Supplemental Information Spatial Auxin Signaling Controls Leaf Flattening in Arabidopsis Chunmei Guan, Binbin Wu, Ting Yu, Qingqing Wang, Naden T. Krogan, Xigang Liu, and Yuling

More information

Flowering Plant Reproduction

Flowering Plant Reproduction Lab Exercise Flowering Plant Reproduction Objectives - To be able to identify the parts of a flower - Be able to distinguish between dicots and monocots based on flower morphology - Become familiar with

More information

A cyclic nucleotide-gated channel is necessary for optimum fertility in high-calcium environments

A cyclic nucleotide-gated channel is necessary for optimum fertility in high-calcium environments Research A cyclic nucleotide-gated channel is necessary for Blackwell Oxford, NPH New 0028-646X 1469-8137 2833 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02833.x March 076??? 87??? Original XXThe Phytologist Authors UK

More information

The early inflorescence of Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrates positional effects in floral organ growth and meristem patterning

The early inflorescence of Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrates positional effects in floral organ growth and meristem patterning Plant Reproduction (2018) 31:171 191 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-017-0320-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The early inflorescence of Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrates positional effects in floral organ growth and

More information

CHAPTER 2 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants.

CHAPTER 2 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants. CHAPTER 2 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants 8 1 7 CHAPTER 2 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION INFLOWERING PLANTS FLOWERS Site of sexual Reproduction. Male and female reproductive organs are borne on flowers. PARTS

More information

Lecture 15 Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum ) (2n = 80) Selfing Crossing Hybridization methods Coimbatore method lantern

Lecture 15 Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum ) (2n = 80) Selfing Crossing Hybridization methods Coimbatore method lantern Lecture 15 Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) (2n = 80) Cross pollination is the rule in sugarcane. Self male and female sterility, protogyny and hanging down of anthers away from the stigma at the time

More information

BIOLOGY CLASS: VIII TOPIC: Life Processes: Growth, Reproduction & Development (plants) Difference between self-pollination & cross pollination

BIOLOGY CLASS: VIII TOPIC: Life Processes: Growth, Reproduction & Development (plants) Difference between self-pollination & cross pollination BIOLOGY CLASS: VIII TOPIC: Life Processes: Growth, Reproduction & Development (plants) Difference between self-pollination & cross pollination Self -Pollination 1. It is transfer of pollen grains from

More information

Supplemental Data. Beck et al. (2010). Plant Cell /tpc

Supplemental Data. Beck et al. (2010). Plant Cell /tpc Supplemental Figure 1. Phenotypic comparison of the rosette leaves of four-week-old mpk4 and Col-0 plants. A mpk4 vs Col-0 plants grown in soil. Note the extreme dwarfism of the mpk4 plants (white arrows)

More information

BIOLOGY 3201 REPRODUCTION

BIOLOGY 3201 REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY 3201 REPRODUCTION Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction MODES OF REPRODUCTION (1) Asexual one parent cell divides into two by mitosis to produce 2 identical cells which are clones of the parent (2) Sexual

More information

Precocious germination of pollen grains in anthers of Soybean (Glycine

Precocious germination of pollen grains in anthers of Soybean (Glycine Precocious germination of pollen grains in anthers of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Satwinder Kaur, Harsh Nayyar 1, R.K. Bhanwra and Sanjeev Kumar Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh

More information

Unit E: Plant Propagation. Lesson 1: Understanding Sexual Reproduction

Unit E: Plant Propagation. Lesson 1: Understanding Sexual Reproduction Unit E: Plant Propagation Lesson 1: Understanding Sexual Reproduction 1 Vocabulary Cross-pollination Diploid Endosperm Fertilization Gametes Genes Haploid Hybrids Pollination Seed Self-pollination Sexual

More information

STEM WORKSHOP on Pollen Biology

STEM WORKSHOP on Pollen Biology STEM WORKSHOP on Pollen Biology University of Massachusetts Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (April 6, 2013) Presented by: Professor Alice Y. Cheung Professor Hen-Ming Wu Dr. Yan-jiao Zou

More information

Peony Flower Anatomy I

Peony Flower Anatomy I Peony Flower Anatomy I Don Hollingsworth, APS Director Maryville, Missouri What Makes a Peony Flower Luxurious? Rich luxury of the flowers explains why peonies are wanted, why loved and why known in history

More information

Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology Concept 38.1 Pollination enables gametes to come together within a flower Diploid (2n) sporophytes produce spores by meiosis; these grow into haploid

More information

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS WITH SEEDS

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS WITH SEEDS There are several stages in the process of sexual reproduction in plants with seeds (spermatophytes): gamete formation, pollintation, fertilisation, seed and fruit formation, seed disemination and seed

More information

2.3 - Genetics, Technology, Society, and the Environment Accidental Changes to DNA:

2.3 - Genetics, Technology, Society, and the Environment Accidental Changes to DNA: 2.3 - Genetics, Technology, Society, and the Environment Accidental Changes to DNA: Two main cases: 1 The damaged DNA is detected by the cell and the damage is repaired or the cell is destroyed. 2 The

More information

Supplemental Figure S1. The number of hydathodes is reduced in the as2-1 rev-1

Supplemental Figure S1. The number of hydathodes is reduced in the as2-1 rev-1 Supplemental Data Supplemental Figure S1. The number of hydathodes is reduced in the as2-1 rev-1 and kan1-11 kan2-5 double mutants. A, The numbers of hydathodes in different leaves of Col-0, as2-1 rev-1,

More information

Genetics & The Work of Mendel. AP Biology

Genetics & The Work of Mendel. AP Biology Genetics & The Work of Mendel Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid-1800s in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas u used experimental method u used

More information

Supplemental Data. Candat et al. Plant Cell (2014) /tpc Cytosol. Nucleus. Mitochondria. Plastid. Peroxisome. Endomembrane system

Supplemental Data. Candat et al. Plant Cell (2014) /tpc Cytosol. Nucleus. Mitochondria. Plastid. Peroxisome. Endomembrane system Cytosol Nucleus 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 PSORT MultiLoc YLoc SubLoc BaCelLo WoLF PSORT

More information

Writing the Rules of Heredity. 23. Genetics I

Writing the Rules of Heredity. 23. Genetics I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Describe the general aspects of Mendel s experimental method, and explain why his work is considered so important. Define the following terms: gene, F 1 generation, F 2 generation,

More information

Pollination biology of Persea americana Fuerte

Pollination biology of Persea americana Fuerte South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1987. 10:43-45. Proceedings of the First World Avocado Congress Pollination biology of Persea americana Fuerte LA COETZER and PJ ROBBERTSE Margaretha

More information

Flower Shapes and their function. Describing Flower Shapes

Flower Shapes and their function. Describing Flower Shapes Flower Shapes and their function Describing Flower Shapes Flower Shapes As with leaf shapes and the arrangement of flowers, these descriptions can only give you a general idea of the shapes of flowers.

More information

Pollen-pistil interactions and developmental regulation of pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis

Pollen-pistil interactions and developmental regulation of pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis Development 120, 3405-3418 (1994) Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1994 3405 Pollen-pistil interactions and developmental regulation of pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis Muthugapatti

More information

plant reproduction Alternation of Generations chapter 38

plant reproduction Alternation of Generations chapter 38 Alternation of Generations Haploid (n) plant reproduction chapter 38 Diploid (2n) Sporangium Spore dispersal Spore (n) Young Mature (n) ARCHEGONIUM ANTHERIDIUM Sperm Mature Sorus Sporangium sporophyte

More information

W.4.1 Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons and information.

W.4.1 Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons and information. Flower Dissection Lesson Overview Flowers use pollination as a mechanism for reproduction and survival. Students will learn about pollination and how each structure plays a role in this process. They will

More information

2.1 Reproduction At the end of this sequence of lessons I can:

2.1 Reproduction At the end of this sequence of lessons I can: 2.1 Reproduction 1. State that reproduction is the method of producing new offspring 2. State that sexual reproduction involves two parents 3. State that sexual reproduction leads to variation in offspring

More information

11.1 The Work of Mendel

11.1 The Work of Mendel 11.1 The Work of Mendel Originally prepared by Kim B. Foglia Revised and adapted by Nhan A. Pham Objectives Describe Mendel s classic garden pea experiment. Summarize Mendel s conclusion about inheritance.

More information

Safety Dissection tools are very sharp. Use appropriately and do not leave unattended in the presence of children.

Safety Dissection tools are very sharp. Use appropriately and do not leave unattended in the presence of children. Plant Dissection Consider the lilies, how they grow: they labour not, neither do they spin. But I say to you, not even Solomon in all his glory was clothed like one of these. Luke 12:27 Introduction In

More information

SUNSHINE SECONDARY SCHOOL

SUNSHINE SECONDARY SCHOOL Name... Index Number... Student s Signature... 231/3 BIOLOGY PAPER 3 PRACTICAL JUNE, 2017 1 ¾ HOURS SUNSHINE SECONDARY SCHOOL Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education BIOLOGY Paper 3 Practical TIME: 1

More information

2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1

2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 1 Stamen Anther Filament Stigma Carpel Style Ovary Petal Sepal Ovule 2 A B Sepals Petals Stamens Carpels C A + B gene activity B + C gene activity C gene activity Carpel Petal (a) A schematic diagram of

More information

Topic 2.1 A Closer Look At Variation

Topic 2.1 A Closer Look At Variation 1 UNIT A SECTION 2.0 As species reproduce, characteristics are passed from parents to offspring. 2 Topic 2.1 A Closer Look At Variation Textbook Pages 27 29 1 Variation in a species 3 Not all variations

More information

ANGIOSPERM L.S. POLLEN GRAIN

ANGIOSPERM L.S. POLLEN GRAIN ANGIOSPERM 2 L.S. POLLEN GRAIN ANGIOSPERM T 2 CELLS L.S. POLLEN GRAIN ANGIOSPERM TUBE CELL G L.S. POLLEN GRAIN ANGIOSPERM TUBE CELL > L.S. GENERATIVE CELL POLLEN GRAIN ANGIOSPERM TUBE CELL GENERATIVE CELL

More information

Chapter 31: Plant Reproduction

Chapter 31: Plant Reproduction Chapter 31: Plant Reproduction Plants and Pollinators Pollen had evolved by 390 million years ago Sperm packed inside a nutritious package Transferred first by wind currents Later transferred by insects

More information

Interspecific Crossing Barriers in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Interspecific Crossing Barriers in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 4894-4900 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.459

More information

Reproduction in Plants and Animals

Reproduction in Plants and Animals Imagine a gardener checking on his growing plants at the beginning of spring. He notices a few tiny insects eating some of his plants. The gardener isn t worried a few insects are not a concern. But when

More information

Below is a table of data showing the relationship between the number of dinner guests and the amount of time it takes Kayleigh to prepare for dinner.

Below is a table of data showing the relationship between the number of dinner guests and the amount of time it takes Kayleigh to prepare for dinner. Week 3 Warmups Warm Up 1 If you wet a sheet of Bounty brand paper towel, a sheet of Viva brand paper towel, and a plain brown paper towel from the school, then the Bounty paper towel will tear first when

More information

Introduction. Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Introduction. Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Introduction It has been said that an oak is an acorn s way of making more acorns. In a Darwinian view of life, the fitness of an organism is measured only by its ability to replace itself with healthy,

More information

Arabidopsis gynoecium structure in the wild type and in ettin mutants

Arabidopsis gynoecium structure in the wild type and in ettin mutants Development 121, 1519-1532 (1995) Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1995 1519 Arabidopsis gynoecium structure in the wild type and in ettin mutants R. Allen Sessions* and Patricia

More information

S C I E N C E POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

S C I E N C E POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS Modified In School Off School Approach Modules (MISOSA) Distance Education for Elementary Schools SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS S C I E N C E POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION 4 Department of Education BUREAU

More information

Reproduction in plants

Reproduction in plants Reproduction in plants No individual organism can live forever, but reproduction makes sure that organisms do not become extinct. Organisms reproduce sexually or asexually and some organisms, such as angiosperms

More information

Cell-FateSwitchofSynergidtoEggCellinArabidopsis eostre Mutant Embryo Sacs Arises from Misexpression of the BEL1-Like Homeodomain Gene BLH1 W

Cell-FateSwitchofSynergidtoEggCellinArabidopsis eostre Mutant Embryo Sacs Arises from Misexpression of the BEL1-Like Homeodomain Gene BLH1 W The Plant Cell, Vol. 19: 3578 3592, November 2007, www.plantcell.org ª 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists Cell-FateSwitchofSynergidtoEggCellinArabidopsis eostre Mutant Embryo Sacs Arises from Misexpression

More information

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level *9476785025* BIOLOGY 5090/02 Paper 2 Theory May/June 2008 Candidates answer Section A on the Question

More information

Glossary. The living component or part of the biosphere. An animal's body takes on the same temperature as that of their environment.

Glossary. The living component or part of the biosphere. An animal's body takes on the same temperature as that of their environment. Abiotic component Adventitious roots Amnion Angiosperms Arachnids Arthropods Atmosphere Autotrophic Biodiversity Biosphere Biotic component Coldblooded Contraceptives Crosspollination Crustacea Dicotyledons

More information

the reproductive organs of a flower

the reproductive organs of a flower Life Cycles, Reproduction & Heredity flower power the reproductive organs of a flower Frameworks SCIENCE LS 2.6.5 Model and explain the function of plant organs: leaves, roots, stems, flowers. LS 3.7.6

More information

Flower Morphology. Flower Structure. Name

Flower Morphology. Flower Structure. Name right 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 score 100 98.8 97.6 96.4 95.2 94.0 92.9 91.7 90.5 89.3 88.1 86.9 85.7 84.5 83.3 82.1 81.0 79.8 Flower Morphology Name You are already familiar

More information

plant reproduction chapter 40 Alternation of Generations

plant reproduction chapter 40 Alternation of Generations Alternation of Generations plant reproduction chapter 40 Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Sporangium Spore dispersal Spore (n) Young Mature (n) Archegonium Antheridium Sperm Sporangium Mature sporophyte (2n) New

More information

1.3 - Sexually Reproduction What is Sexual Reproduction?

1.3 - Sexually Reproduction What is Sexual Reproduction? 1.3 - Sexually Reproduction What is Sexual Reproduction? Sexual Reproduction - Genetic information from two cells is combined to produce a new genetically unique organism. Sexual reproduction occurs when

More information

Writing the Rules of Heredity

Writing the Rules of Heredity Contents 1 Writing the Rules of Heredity 1.1 Mendel s Rules of Segregation and Dominance 2 The Single Trait Cross (Monohybrid Cross) 2.1 Corn Coloration in an F2 Population (activity) Writing the Rules

More information

Angiosperms. The most diverse group of plants, with about 14,000 genera and 257,000 species.

Angiosperms. The most diverse group of plants, with about 14,000 genera and 257,000 species. Angiosperms The most diverse group of plants, with about 14,000 genera and 257,000 species. Angiosperms How do angiosperms differ from gymnosperms? Angiosperms How do angiosperms differ from gymnosperms?

More information

Genetics & The Work of Mendel

Genetics & The Work of Mendel Genetics & The Work of Mendel 2006-2007 Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid-1800s in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas used experimental method

More information

Genes Directing Flower Development in Arabidopsis

Genes Directing Flower Development in Arabidopsis The Plant Cell, Vol. 1,37-52, January 1989, 1989 American Society of Plant Physiologists Genes Directing Flower Development in Arabidopsis John L. Bowman, David R. Smyth, 1 and Elliot M. Meyerowitz 2 Division

More information

Anatomy of a New Sepaloid Mutant Flower in Sugarbeet 1

Anatomy of a New Sepaloid Mutant Flower in Sugarbeet 1 January-June, 1991 Anatomy of a New SepaJoid Mutant Flower in Sugarbeet 23 Anatomy of a New Sepaloid Mutant Flower in Sugarbeet 1 J. C. Theurer, S. A. Owens 3, and F. W. Ewers 4 2Sugarbeet, Bean and Cereal

More information

Figure legends of supplementary figures

Figure legends of supplementary figures Figure legends of supplementary figures Figure 1. Phenotypic analysis of rice early flowering1 () plants and enhanced expression of floral identity genes in.. Leaf emergence of,, and plants with complementary

More information

Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. TEACHER RESOURCE NOTES Skills Practice Lab Dissecting Flowers Teacher Notes TIME REQUIRED One 45-minute period SKILLS ACQUIRED Collecting data Experimenting Identifying patterns Inferring Interpreting

More information

FILAMENTOUS FLOWER Controls the Formation and Development of Arabidopsis Inflorescences and Floral Meristems

FILAMENTOUS FLOWER Controls the Formation and Development of Arabidopsis Inflorescences and Floral Meristems The Plant Cell, Vol. 11, 69 86, January 1999, www.plantcell.org 1999 American Society of Plant Physiologists FILAMENTOUS FLOWER Controls the Formation and Development of Arabidopsis Inflorescences and

More information

CONTROLLING PREFERTILIZATION BARRIERS BY IN VITRO POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION OF BROMELIACEAE

CONTROLLING PREFERTILIZATION BARRIERS BY IN VITRO POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION OF BROMELIACEAE CONTROLLING PREFERTILIZATION BARRIERS BY IN VITRO POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION OF BROMELIACEAE I. Vervaeke, E. Parton, R. Deroose and M.P. De Proft Laboratory of Plant Culture Catholic University of Leuven

More information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information Supporting Information Lee et al. 10.1073/pnas.0910950106 Fig. S1. Fe (A), Zn (B), Cu (C), and Mn (D) concentrations in flag leaves from WT, osnas3-1, and OsNAS3-antisense (AN-2) plants. Each measurement

More information

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants The flower functions in sexual reproduction of plants and precedes the development of seeds and fruits. Flowers

More information

ESA Study Guide Year 10 Science

ESA Study Guide Year 10 Science Then and now Questions from pages 260, 261 of ESA Study Guide Year 10 Science 1. Which branch of science explores how characteristics are passed on from parent to offspring? 2. Suggest one desirable trait

More information

Lab sect. (TA name/time): BIOLOGY 317 Spring First Hourly Exam 4/22/10

Lab sect. (TA name/time): BIOLOGY 317 Spring First Hourly Exam 4/22/10 Name: Lab sect. (TA name/time): BIOLOGY 317 Spring 2011 First Hourly Exam 4/22/10 1) (24 pts) Match the letter of the family given on the right with the characteristics for a plant described on the left.

More information

Mastery. Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis. Chapter Content CHAPTER 3 LESSON 1. Directions: Study the diagram. Then answer the following questions.

Mastery. Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis. Chapter Content CHAPTER 3 LESSON 1. Directions: Study the diagram. Then answer the following questions. Chapter Content Mastery Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis Directions: Study the diagram. Then answer the following questions. LESSON 1 Interphase Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Meiosis II

More information