Drug & Alcohol Testing

Transcription

1 Drug & Alcohol Testing Facts and Best Practice for the Maritime Industry Philip Nielsen, Alere Toxicology 28 th June 2015 Gdansk FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR PRINT OR DISTRIBUTION

2 What / Who is Alere Toxicology? Alere Toxicology provides products and services that are used to identify whether individuals have been using drugs and/or alcohol: Drug Treatment testing people in treatment and rehabilitation Criminal justice testing on arrest, in prison, on probation Child protection testing parents / guardians to protect children Roadside developing tools for roadside drug testing Workplace using testing to deter inappropriate drug / alcohol use Over 10 million Drug and Alcohol tests each year for customers in over 75 countries Maritime just one of six sectors, (approximately vessels & samples per year) You may know us better as MEDSCREEN Our own, fully validated laboratory methods accredited to ISO/IEC 17025:2005. Fully trained & responsive international network of Collecting Officers. Independent interpretations of results by Medical Review Officers Oxford / Abingdon (Oral Fluid Testing) Behind every test is a life FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR PRINT OR DISTRIBUTION 2

3 Snapshot of some of our Customers Proud of our Accreditations:

4 Why test? Health and Safety Minimize risk of accident Create awareness Stop misuse Help and provide treatment & support Demonstrate to your customers you work against Drugs and Alcohol Be a responsible & quality oriented company Comply with International Regulations & Guidelines FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR PRINT OR DISTRIBUTION 4

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6 FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR PRINT OR DISTRIBUTION 6

7 FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR PRINT OR DISTRIBUTION 7

8 Predictions for the future World is getting smaller as we communicate more Internet / social media means information is widely available Internet means drugs (including medicines) are available Age demographics / urbanisation / gender tolerance means world drug use will probably increase Alcohol and Cannabis will remain dominant Illicit chemists will remain active Toxicologists will remain vigilant

9 Psychoactive drug A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behaviour. alcohol illegal drugs some medicines caffeine / nicotine

10 Use of legal alcohol is 8 times that of illicit drugs FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR PRINT OR DISTRIBUTION 10

11 FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR PRINT OR DISTRIBUTION 11

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14 Drugs, Alcohol and Accidents? USS Nimitz May 1981 Flight deck crew tested positive for marijuana President Reagan Order for Drug Free Federal Workplace 1986 Exxon Valdez March 1989 Master had been drinking? Oil Pollution Act 1990 Exxon Drug & Alcohol Policy applied to all carriers early 1990s Marchioness / Bowbelle August deaths Master of Bowbelle had been drinking Inquest 1995 recommended testing Railways Transport Safety Act 2003

15 Captain Joseph Hazelwood, who was widely reported to have been drinking heavily that night, was not at the controls when the ship struck the reef. However, as the senior officer, he was in command of the ship even though he was asleep in his bunk. In light of the other findings, investigative reporter Greg Palast stated in 2008, "Forget the drunken skipper fable. As to Captain Joe Hazelwood, he was below decks, sleeping off his bender. At the helm, the third mate never would have collided with Bligh Reef had he looked at his RAYCAS radar. But the radar was not turned on. In fact, the tanker's radar was left broken and disabled for more than a year before the disaster, and Exxon management knew it. It was [in Exxon's view] just too expensive to fix FOR and INTERNAL operate." USE [16] Exxon ONLY. NOT blamed FOR PRINT Captain OR DISTRIBUTION Hazelwood for the grounding of the tanker. [15] 15

16 Guidelines ILO / WHO, Guiding principles of drug &alcohol testing procedures for worldwide application in the maritime industry 1993 US DOT original rules 1996 Intertanko / BIMCO / International Chamber of Shipping IMO developing guidance on prevention of Drug and Alcohol Abuse OCIMF Guidelines 1995 ISM and ISPS Codes (SOLAS concept) International Safety Management Code 2002 International Ship and Port Facility Security Code 2004

17 EFFECTS OF DRUGS stimulants - hyperactivity, over confidence, then exhaustion cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy, new drugs depressants - slowed reaction times, clumsiness, confusion, indifference heroin, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol hallucinogens - distort reality, seeing sounds, hearing colours, risk of flashbacks LSD, magic mushrooms

18 Stimulant Drugs Effects Hyperactivity Over confidence Then exhaustion Cocaine Ecstasy Amphetamines New drugs 18

19 Depressant Drugs Effects Slowed reactions Clumsiness Confusion Indifference Heroin Benzodiazepines Barbiturates Alcohol 19

20 Hallucinogenic Drugs Effects Distort reality Seeing sounds hearing colours Altered perception Risk of flashbacks LSD Magic mushrooms 20

21 Inappropriate use of drugs and alcohol has two consequences: Impairment which can affect the organisation and individuals within it Problem use which can affect the individual and in turn the organisation

22 Use of drugs and alcohol alters rational judgment and sensible assessment exacerbates fatigue and other conditions Stimulant drugs may have short term effect, with consequences Depressant drugs make tiredness worse affects vision, hearing, balance, memory, decisions therefore impacts on safety and security Individual Tasks Communication and teamwork Technology Management and culture Human Factors in the Maritime Domain Greech Horberry Koester CRC Press 2008

23 The 4 Different Methods

24 ... all seafarers must be able to respond at any time to an emergency situation... OCIMF: GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF DRUGS AND ALCOHOL ONBOARD SHIP 1995 "Our most important concern today, as it was in 1948, is the safety of life at sea. The biggest threat to human life now, as then, is human error," IMO Secretary General Mr. William A O'Neil 50th anniversary message 2008.

25 Collections (from request to test results) Samples collected & packaged on board Samples couriered to our Laboratory

26 Legally Defensible Testing

27 Preparation of facilities

28 Preparation of facilities

29 Preparation of facilities

30 Identity check

31 Donor empties pockets

32 Donor selects cup

33 Temperature control

34 Current medication questions

35 Donor signature x 3

36 2 samples with tamper-evident seals

37 Bag sealed in the presence of the donor

38 Collections (from request to test results) Samples collected & packaged on board Samples couriered to our Laboratory Samples opened Chain of Custody, logged onto the Lab Mngt Sy. Samples are screened Positive tests are confirmed Results are reported in a Certificate of Analysis 38

39 Questions? Thank you! Always feel free to contact us: Alere Toxicology Plc Harbour Quay, 100 Preston's Road London, E14 9PH +44 (0) Main Office FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR PRINT OR DISTRIBUTION 39