Impaired Driving in Colorado: First Results from a Data Integration Initiative

Transcription

1 Impaired Driving in Colorado: First Results from a Data Integration Initiative BECKY BUI OFFICE OF RESEARCH & STATISTICS DIVISION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY Presentation to the Colorado Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice September 14, 218

2 Terms DUI - driving under the influence. The criminal offense of driving while impaired by alcohol or other drugs. THC - tetrahydrocannabinol (also, Delta-9, THC ). The primary intoxicant in marijuana. One of 113 cannabinoids identified in cannabis or marijuana. CBD - cannabidiol. Extracted from the marijuana plant for medicinal purposes and has no psychoactive properties. BAC blood alcohol content or concentration. A metric of intoxication for legal or medical purposes. For example, a BAC of.1 (one-tenth of 1%) indicates.1 grams of alcohol for every 1 ml (milliliters) of blood. CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 2 of 33

3 National Landscape of Marijuana Laws Medical & Recreational: 9 States & DC Medical only: 22 States Source: National Conference of State Legislatures (218), Note: Not all states laws are currently in effect. CBD only: 15 States None: 4 States CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 3 of 33

4 Varieties of Cannabis and Ingestion The mode of use affects the duration and concentration as THC is metabolized. Flower/Bud: Smoke/Vape Concentrates: Wax/Shatter/Oil Ingestibles CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 4 of 33

5 Delta-9 THC Over Time 12 S. Toennes graph Mean THC concentration (ng\ml) Time after smoking (hours) Chronic users Occasional users 5 ng/ml CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 5 of 33 Source: Adapted from Toennes, S., Ramaekers, J., Theunissen, E., Moeller, M., & Kauert, G. (28). Comparison of cannabinoid pharmacokinetic properties in occasional and heavy users smoking a marijuana or placebo joint. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 32,

6 Source: Berghaus et al. 1998, Sticht and Käferstein 1998, and Robbe 1994 as cited in Compton, R. (217, July). Marijuana-Impaired Driving - A Report to Congress. (DOT HS ). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Delta-9 THC, Subjective High, and Performance Over Time Time after smoking (minutes) THC concentration (ng/ml) Subjective high (%VAS) Performance (% baseline) CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 6 of 33

7 Previous Drug-Impaired Driving Data in Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Fatality Analysis Reporting System Study completed by private lab, ChemaTox Total DUI case filing counts Total DUI arrests CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 7 of 33

8 Adults Reporting Driving within 2-3 hours after Marijuana Use 5.% Reported driving within 2-3 hours of using marijuana 4.% % reporting driving 3.% 2.% 1.% 2.5% 2.1% 2.7% 3.%.% Note: Comparing across years within each age category, there were no statistical differences from 214 to 217. Source: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. URL: CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 8 of 33

9 Adult Marijuana Users Reporting Driving within 2-3 hours after Marijuana Use 25.% 2.% % reporting driving 15.% 1.% 18.8% 16.1% 2.1% 19.7% 5.%.% Note: Comparing across years within each age category, there were no statistical differences from 214 to 216. Source: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. URL: CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 9 of 33

10 Colorado DUI Summary 35, 3, 25, 1,133 1,316 2, 15, 31,52 3,958 31,442 28,439 31,55 3,958 1, 24,676 24,124 23,544 22,218 2,397 5, Misdemeanor Felony Source: Colorado Judicial Branch, Administrative Statistical Reports, Fiscal Year 216; 217. URL: CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 1 of 33

11 Current Data 216 Data Breath Tests State Courts Denver Court Blood Tests (A) Blood Tests (B) Probation Assessment N = 27,244 Blood Tests (C) No common key to connect these sources of data to meet the statutorily required analyses. CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 11 of 33

12 Fine-Grained Records Integration and Linkage Tool (FRIL) The method to connect the sources of data to meet the statutorily required analyses. Source: CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 12 of 33

13 Fine-Grained Records Integration and Linkage Tool (FRIL) Source: CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 13 of 33

14 Fine-Grained Records Integration and Linkage Tool (FRIL) Source: CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 14 of 33

15 216 Case Counts ,244 25,519 Case Count ,824 16,86 5 DUI Case Filings Dispositions Toxicology Matches Dispositions with Toxicology Match Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, CDPHE, ChemaTox, and Denver Crime Lab at DPD CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 15 of 33

16 Gender and Age Associated with Case Filings 12 1 Female Male 75% of case filings were males Number of Cases Male peak age: 25 Female peak age: 24 1/3 are males in their 2s Highest rate of DUIs per active licenses seen for 23 year olds Age Source: State Judicial Department and Denver County Court CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 16 of 33

17 Toxicology CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 17 of 33

18 Alcohol Level (86%) Case Count (3%) 486 (3%) 1389 (9%) Not Detected < BAC Level Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, CDPHE, ChemaTox, and Denver Crime Lab at DPD CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 18 of 33

19 Delta-9 THC Level 3,946 cannabinoid screens Negative Cannabinoid Screen Positive Cannabinoid Screen 27% 73% Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, and ChemaTox CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 19 of 33

20 Delta-9 THC Level (48%) Case Count (14%) 9 (3%) 13 (36%) Not Detected Present but < THC Level Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, and ChemaTox CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 2 of 33

21 Alcohol x THC Level Case Count (31%) Not Detected Present but < (5%) 88 (5%) 4 (16%) 18 6 (1%) (2%) 6 (3%) 64 (36%) 16 4 (13%) (3%) 64 (52%) 39 (32%) Not Detected < BAC Level 172 (18%) 37 (4%) 431 (44%) 33 (34%) Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, and ChemaTox CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 21 of 33

22 Overall Drug Use, Single Drug 16, 14, 1452 (91%) Case Count 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, 957 (6%) 386 (3%) Alcohol Only THC Only Single Other Drug Single Drug Category Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, CDPHE, ChemaTox, and Denver Crime Lab at DPD CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 22 of 33

23 Overall Drug Use, Polydrug Case Count (17%) 829 (37%) 469 (21%) 234 (1%) Top 5 Other Drugs Methamphetamine Alprazolam Cocaine Clonazepam Diazepam 352 (16%) 1 Alcohol and Other Alcohol and THC THC and Other Polydrug Category Alcohol, THC, and Other(s) Polydrug Not Alcohol or THC Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, CDPHE, ChemaTox, and Denver Crime Lab at DPD CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 23 of 33

24 Dispositions CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 24 of 33

25 DUI Dispositions (81%) 2 Case Count 15 1 Total conviction rate: 89% (5%) 745 (3%) 26 (%) 2493 (1%) 178 (1%) 2 (%) 348 (1%) Disposition Source: State Judicial Department and Denver County Court CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 25 of 33

26 BAC Level and DUI Conviction Rate % Case Count Guilty Not Guilty 68.9% 47.4% 73.8% Not Detected < BAC Level Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, CDPHE, ChemaTox, and Denver Crime Lab at DPD CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 26 of 33

27 THC Level and DUI Conviction Rate % 1 Guilty 76.6% Case Count % Not Guilty 74.6% Not Detected Present but < THC Level Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, and ChemaTox CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 27 of 33

28 BAC Level x THC Level and DUI Conviction Rate 1% 9% 8% 84% 88% 93% 93% 85% 82% 75% 94% 95% 96% Conviction Rate 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 63% 5% 57% 5% 2% 6% 1% % Not Detected < BAC Level THC Level: Not Detected Present but < Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, and ChemaTox CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 28 of 33

29 Single Drug Categories and DUI Conviction Rate 14, 91.9% 12, Case Count 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Guilty Not Guilty 68.7% 77.3% Alcohol Only THC Only Single Other Drug Drug Category Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, CDPHE, ChemaTox, and Denver Crime Lab at DPD CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 29 of 33

30 Alcohol Only Conviction Rate % Count Guilty Not Guilty % 72.7% < BAC Group Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, CDPHE, ChemaTox, and Denver Crime Lab at DPD CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 3 of 33

31 THC Only Conviction Rate % Count Guilty Not Guilty 4.7% % Present but < THC Group Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, and ChemaTox CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 31 of 33

32 Polydrug Categories and DUI Conviction Rate 9 Case Count % 89.9% 91.9% 9.8% Guilty Not Guilty Alcohol and THC Alcohol and Other THC and Other Drug Category Alcohol, THC, and Other(s) Polydrug Not Alcohol or THC Source: State Judicial Department, Denver County Court, CBI, CDPHE, ChemaTox, and Denver Crime Lab at DPD CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 32 of 33

33 Contact Information Becky Bui Colorado Division of Criminal Justice 7 Kipling St., Suite 1 Lakewood, CO 8215 becky.bui@state.co.us CCJJ, 9/14/218 Page 33 of 33