75 % = = LOW-RISK DRINKING LIMITS Source: National Institutes of Health WHAT COUNTS AS ONE DRINK? RISK ZONE PYRAMID 10 %

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1 LOW-RISK DRINKING LIMITS Source: National Institutes of Health RISK ZONE PYRAMID MEN No more than: 4 drinks per day AND no more than: 14 drinks per week WHAT COUNTS AS ONE DRINK? Severe Harmful 5 % 10 % WOMEN 18 65* No more than: 3 drinks per day AND no more than: 7 drinks per week = = Risky Low Risk or Abstain 10 % AGE 66+ No more than: 3 drinks per day AND no more than: 7 drinks per week One drink is: 12-ounce can of beer 5-ounce glass of wine A shot of hard liquor (1½ ounces) 75 % *Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not drink. Adapted from World Health Organization Not at all Very

2 RISK ZONE I LOW RISK II RISKY III HARMFUL IV SEVERE AUDIT Score DAST Score Description of Zone Raise the subject Provide feedback Enhance motivation Negotiate plan At low risk for health or social complications. May develop health problems or existing problems may worsen. Has experienced negative effects from substance use. Could benefit from more assessment and assistance. Explain your role; ask permission to discuss alcohol/drug use screening forms Ask about alcohol/drug use patterns: What does your alcohol/drug use look like in a typical week? Listen carefully; use reflections to demonstrate understanding Share AUDIT/DAST zone(s) and description; review low-risk drinking limits; explore patient s reaction: Your score puts you in the zone, which means. The low-risk limits are. What do you think about that? Explore connection to health/social/work issues (patient education materials): What connection might there be...? Ask about pros/cons: What do you like about your alcohol/drug use? What don t you like? Explore readiness to change: On a scale of 0-10, how ready are you to make a change in your alcohol/drug use? If readiness is greater than 2: Why that number and not a (lower one)? If 0-2: How would your alcohol/drug use have to impact your life for you to think about changing? Summarize the conversation (zone, pros/cons, readiness); ask question: What steps would you be willing to take? If not ready to plan, stop the intervention; offer patient education materials; thank patient Explore patient s goal for change (offer options if needed); write down steps to achieve goal; assess confidence Negotiate follow-up visit; thank patient To find a Treatment Provider go to: findtreatment.samhsa.gov/treatmentlocator, or call HELP (4357) Adapted with permission from wasbirt pci Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment Primary Care Integration JUNE 2016

3 ALCOHOL: Is Your Health at Risk? What counts as ONE DRINK? One drink is: = = One 12-ounce can of beer One 5-ounce glass of wine One shot of hard liquor (1.5 ounces) Are you at risk? If you use alcohol, taking a look at your drinking pattern and knowing your risks is important for your health, now and in the future. Know the difference between low-risk versus risky or harmful drinking. You owe it to yourself! What is low-risk drinking? For healthy adults age 65 and under: LOW-RISK DRINKING LIMITS On any single DAY Per WEEK No more than drinks on any day drinks on any day ** AND** ** AND** No more than No more than To stay low risk, keep within BOTH the single-day AND weekly limits. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism For people over 65: low-risk limits are 3 drinks a day or 7 drinks a week. Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should not drink. What s risky or harmful drinking? 4 No more than Risky alcohol use is drinking more than the single-day or weekly amounts shown above. Harmful alcohol use is drinking more than the single-day or weekly amounts shown above, and having negative effects from drinking such as accidents, not being able to stop drinking, or not doing what you normally do (work, school, family) because of drinking. MEN 14 7 drinks per week 3 WOMEN drinks per week What can happen from risky or harmful alcohol use? People who use alcohol at risky or harmful levels are at greater risk for health problems cancer, obesity, high blood pressure, stroke, injury, diabetes, accident/death, suicide, and cirrhosis. I t makes a difference both how much you drink on any day and how often you have a heavy drinking day. The more drinks in a day and the more heavy drinking days over time, the greater risk for problems. Tips for cutting down on alcohol use Measure and Count. Measure drinks per standard drink size and count how much you drink on your phone, a card in your wallet, or calendar. Set Goals. Decide how many days a week you want to drink, and how many drinks to have on those days. Pace and Space. Pace yourself. Sip slowly. Have no more than one drink per hour. Alternate drink spacers nonalcohol drinks (water, soda, or juice). Include Food. Don t drink on an empty stomach. Avoid Triggers. What triggers you to drink? Avoid people, places, and activities that trigger the urge to drink. Plan to Handle Urges. When an urge hits: remind yourself of reasons for changing, talk it through with someone, do a healthy, distracting activity, or urge surf and accept the feeling and ride it out, knowing it will pass. Know your no. Have a polite, convincing no ready for times when you don t want a drink. Adapted from US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH, NIAAA Helpful Links: Visit for more resources! This work is supported by grants TI025355, TI026442, and TI from the Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

4 RISKY AND HARMFUL ALCOHOL USE Effects on the Body Aggressive, irrational behavior, arguments, violence, depression, nervousness Cancer of the throat and mouth Frequent colds, reduced infection resistance, increased pneumonia risk Liver damage Alcohol use disorders, memory loss Premature aging, drinker s nose Gum disease, tooth decay, mouth sores Weakness of heart muscle, heart failure, anemia, impaired blood clotting, breast cancer, high blood pressure Trembling hands, tingling fingers, numbness, painful nerves Vitamin deficiency, bleeding, severe stomach inflammation, ulcers, vomiting, diarrhea, malnutrition Inflammation of the pancreas Impaired sensation leading to falls In women: risk of giving birth to babies with brain damage, low birth weight, or other serious health issues Numb, tingling toes, painful nerves In men: impaired sexual performance Alcohol can worsen existing health problems: Liver disease Heart disease and high blood pressure Diabetes Ulcers and stomach problems Depression and anxiety Sleep problems Something to think about: Risky and harmful alcohol use frequently leads to social, legal, medical, domestic, job, and financial problems. Alcohol may shorten your lifespan and lead to accidental injury or death. Adapted from: Babor, T.F., Higgins-Biddle, J.C., Saunders, J.B., and Monteiro, M.G. (2001). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for Use in Primary Care (Second Edition). World Health Organization; sbirtinaction.org

5 MARIJUANA Natural, but not harmless. Marijuana use contributes to health problems It is four times stronger than in the 1980s Risky no matter method of use, including smoking, vaporizing, and edibles (food containing marijuana) Heavy use in young adults can cause lasting damage to the brain and decrease intelligence Marijuana can directly worsen symptoms of anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia Marijuana can be addictive. Marijuana use can lead to addiction, just like with other drugs 4.5 million people in the U.S. are addicted Chances of addiction are increased: - 17% of adolescents who use will become addicted % of people who use everyday will become addicted Withdrawal symptoms include cravings, trouble sleeping, anxiety, appetite loss Marijuana use impairs driving. Doubles a driver s risk of an accident Use with alcohol increases risk Legal does not mean safer. Marijuana is not FDA-approved There may be some chemicals in marijuana that help a range of illnesses or symptoms Lack of clinical evidence supporting benefits Benefits do not outweigh health risks Marijuana and pregnancy. Marijuana use during pregnancy affects child development Health risks for the child include low birth weight; premature birth; problems with attention, memory, and problem solving; and reduced IQ Using marijuana with other substances. Mixing marijuana and alcohol increases risk for nausea and reactions of panic, anxiety, or paranoia Mixing tobacco and marijuana increases risk of developing respiratory diseases and/or cancer Tips for Cutting Back Think about changing. Why do you use? What do you like about it? Why do you want to cut down or stop? Plan for the change you want. Set a goal and date for changing your use. Make it realistic. Share your plan with people you trust and ask for support. Act on your decision. Distract and do something. Make a list of fun activities unrelated to your use and keep busy. Delay. Stop and think before using. Wait 15 minutes to ride the craving, and the wave of desire may pass. Plan ahead. Avoid high-risk situations and people who use. Have a back-up plan. If you haven t achieved your goal yet, that s okay. Consider the situation in which you used and see what could be changed next time. Review your plan and see if it needs revising. Helpful Links: Relaxation Alternatives: Everyday Tai Chi: 3-Minute Breathing Space: Breathing and Relaxation Exercise: Body Scan Meditation: Sources: BNI-ART Institute; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Alliance on Mental Illness, Hearts_and_Minds/Smoking_Cessation/Marijuana_and_Mental_Illness. htm; University of Washington Alcohol & Drug Abuse Institute, learnaboutmarijuanawa.org/factsheets/tobacco.htm; Mixing Cannabis and Alcohol, A Guide to Cutting Down and Stopping Cannabis Use,

6 MARIJUANA Effects on the Body Problems with coordination, judgment, learning, memory, reaction time, sensory perception, sleeping Cancer of the head and neck Respiratory problems, asthma attacks, infections, emphysema Panic/anxiety, depression, paranoia, lack of motivation, mood swings Dry mouth, tooth decay, bad breath Increased blood pressure and heart rate, risk of heart attack During pregnancy: less oxygen to fetus; premature birth; drug via placenta, umbilical cord, and breast milk; low birth weight; early lung problems In women: low sex drive, irregular periods, fertility problems Weight gain, weakened immune system, chronic fatigue, vomiting In men: low sex drive, low testosterone, low sperm production, erectile dysfunction, increased breast growth, testicular cancer This work is supported by grants TI025355, TI026442, and TI from the Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Visit for more resources!

7 Prescription Opioids and Heroin What are opioids? Opioids come in different forms, but have similar effects and can harm you. At high doses or when combined with other medications or alcohol, opioids can cause people to stop breathing. Opioids are prescribed for pain. Examples are hydrocodone, oxycodone, and fentanyl. Some prescription cough syrups also contain opioids. Heroin is an illegal opioid made from the opium poppy plant. Heroin is a white or brown powder or a black/dark brown sticky substance. Opioids are swallowed, injected, smoked, or snorted. Using opioids with other substances Opioids shouldn't be mixed with other drugs, especially depressants like alcohol, benzodiazepines, and sleeping medications. This greatly increases the risk of overdose and death. Mixing cocaine with heroin, called speedballing, also increases the risk of overdose. Heroin is sometimes mixed with fentanyl or carfentanil, very powerful opioids that cause overdose and death. Getting started. Do not stop taking your opioid medicine suddenly. Lowering your dose too quickly can be dangerous. Be aware that withdrawal can occur. Physicians and addiction treatment programs can help with withdrawal. Know your options. Tips for quitting Treatment. Treatment can include medications, counseling, or a combination. Medications can be provided by a treatment center (residential or outpatient) or provider office. Medications. Medications include methadone, buprenorphine (Suboxone), and naltrexone. They help manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms, and are used for long-term recovery. Counseling. Counseling options include cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. Peer support groups and recovery supports are important to help people stay in recovery. Have naloxone in case of overdose. Naloxone is a life-saving tool for people who use opioids. Naloxone reverses opioid overdoses and keeps people from dying from an overdose. It may be available through your healthcare provider, pharmacy, or needle exchange program. Risks of opioid use Short Term Overdose means taking more of an opioid than your body can handle. Signs of an overdose are small pupils, slowed breathing, cold clammy skin, and unconsciousness. You can stop breathing and die. Use can impair learning and ability to drive. Long Term Tolerance means needing more opioids to get the same feeling, which can cause negative effects (see other side). Opioids are addictive. Not everyone becomes addicted, but some do. If you have bipolar disorder, anxiety, or problems with alcohol or drugs, talk to your healthcare provider. Withdrawal: Symptoms are aches, sweating, nausea, pain, vomiting, chills, and trouble sleeping. Pain: Long-term use can lead to an increase in pain. Opioids and pregnancy Use during pregnancy can lead to serious complications. But if you are pregnant, do not stop taking opioids without help from a qualified professional. Do not borrow or share opioids Taking opioids that are not prescribed to you is dangerous, and can cause or worsen health problems. Pills may look the same but could be different medicines, or have different amounts in each pill. Keep opioids locked up, out of reach of children and teenagers. Most misused medication was taken from someone with a prescription. Do not keep extra opioids; destroy them or return them to law enforcement. Important steps to take if using opioids Until you know how the medication affects you, do not use heavy machinery, operate a car, work in unprotected heights, or be responsible for a person who is unable to care for themselves. Tell someone you are taking opioids. They should call 911 if you have slowed breathing, cold, clammy skin, or become unconscious. Ask your provider if naloxone is something you should have. If you need help with pain management, or have health concerns, talk with your healthcare provider. There are other ways to treat pain. Helpful links Information on preventing drug overdoses and reducing drug-related harm for opioid users can be found at: harmreduction.org. Also, see the Resources page for links to more resources. Sources: Indiana University SBIRT@IU; Institute for Research, Education & Training in Addictions (

8 Prescription Opioids and Heroin Effects on the Body Death from overdose, addiction, withdrawal, loss of consciousness Depression, anxiety Slowed reaction time, confusion, dizziness, sleepiness, irritability, problems concentrating Small pupils, runny nose, yawning Slowed breathing If injected: Higher chance of HIV and Hepatitis B or C, risk of infections including in heart, vein damage, stroke Itching and allergic reactions, cold clammy skin, body aches, weakness, increased sensitivity to pain Constipation, nausea, vomiting, cramps, bloating In women: Decrease in hormones leads to low sex drive, infertility, changes to periods, milky nipple discharge Problems urinating During pregnancy: Can lead to serious complications, but do not stop taking opioids without getting help from a qualified professional In Men: Decrease in hormones leads to low sex drive, infertility, decreased sexual performance This work is supported by grants TI025355, TI026442, and TI from the US Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Visit for more resources!

9 Pre-Screen We re asking these questions because drug and alcohol use can affect your health as well as medications you may take. Please help us provide you with the best medical care by answering the questions below. Are you currently in recovery for alcohol or substance use? Yes No Alcohol: One drink = 12 oz. beer 5 oz. wine 1.5 oz. liquor (one shot) MEN: How many times in the past year have you had 5 or more drinks in a day? WOMEN: How many times in the past year have you had 4 or more drinks in a day? None 1 or more Drugs: Recreational drugs include methamphetamines (speed, crystal), cannabis (marijuana, pot), inhalants (paint thinner, aerosol, glue), tranquilizers (Valium), barbiturates, cocaine, ecstasy, hallucinogens (LSD, mushrooms), or narcotics (heroin). How many times in the past year have you used a recreational drug or used a prescription medication for nonmedical reasons? None 1 or more Developed by SBIRT Oregon,

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11 Alcohol screening questionnaire (AUDIT) Drinking alcohol can affect your health and some medications you may take. Please help us provide you with the best medical care by answering the questions below. One drink equals: 12 oz. beer 5 oz. wine 1.5 oz. liquor (one shot) 1. How often do you have a drink containing alcohol? Never Monthly or less 2-4 times a month 2-3 times a week 4 or more times a week 2. How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when you are drinking? or 4 5 or or more 3. How often do you have five or more drinks on one occasion? Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily or almost daily 4. How often during the last year have you found that you were not able to stop drinking once you had started? Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily or almost daily 5. How often during the last year have you failed to do what was normally expected of you because of drinking? Never Less than monthly Monthly Weekly Daily or almost daily 6. How often during the last year have you needed a first drink in the morning to get yourself going after a heavy drinking session? 7. How often during the last year have you had a feeling of guilt or remorse after drinking? 8. How often during the last year have you been unable to remember what happened the night before because of your drinking? 9. Have you or someone else been injured because of your drinking? 10. Has a relative, friend, doctor, or other health care worker been concerned about your drinking or suggested you cut down? Never Never Never No No Less than monthly Less than monthly Less than monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Yes, but not in the last year Yes, but not in the last year Weekly Weekly Weekly Daily or almost daily Daily or almost daily Daily or almost daily Yes, in the last year Yes, in the last year Have you ever been in treatment for an alcohol problem? Never Currently In the past I II III IV

12 (For the Provider) Scoring and interpreting the AUDIT: 1. Each response has a score ranging from 0 to 4. All response scores are added for a total score. 2. The total score correlates with a risk zone, which can be circled on the bottom left corner. Score Zone Explanation Action 0-3 I Low Risk 4-9 II Risky III Harmful 14+ IV Severe Someone using alcohol at this level is at low risk for health or social complications. Someone using alcohol at this level may develop health problems or existing problems may worsen. Someone using alcohol at this level has experienced negative effects from alcohol use. Someone using alcohol at this level could benefit from more assessment and assistance. Positive Health Message describe low risk drinking guidelines Brief intervention to reduce use Brief Intervention to reduce or abstain and specific follow-up appointment (Brief Treatment if available) Brief Intervention to accept referral to specialty treatment for a full assessment Positive Health Message: An opportunity to educate patients about the NIAAA low-risk drinking levels and the risks of excessive alcohol use. Brief Intervention to Reduce Use: Patient-centered discussion that uses Motivational Interviewing concepts to raise an individual s awareness of his/her substance use and enhance his/her motivation to change behavior. Brief interventions are typically 5-15 minutes, and should occur in the same session as the initial screening. Repeated sessions are more effective than a one-time intervention. The recommended behavior change is to cut back to low-risk drinking levels unless there are other medical reasons to abstain (liver damage, pregnancy, medication contraindications, etc.). Brief Intervention to Reduce or Abstain (Brief Treatment if available) & Follow-up: Patients with numerous or serious negative consequences from their alcohol use, or patients who likely have an alcohol use disorder who cannot or are not interested in obtaining specialized treatment, should receive more numerous and intensive BIs with follow up. The recommended behavior change is to cut back to low-risk drinking levels or abstain from use. Brief treatment is 1 to 5 sessions, each minutes. Refer for brief treatment if available. If brief treatment is not available, secure follow-up in 2-4 weeks. Brief Intervention to Accept Referral: The focus of the brief intervention is to enhance motivation for the patient to accept a referral to specialty treatment. If accepted, the provider should use a proactive process to facilitate access to specialty substance use disorder treatment for diagnostic assessment and, if warranted, treatment. The recommended behavior change is to abstain from use and accept the referral. More resources: * Johnson J, Lee A, Vinson D, Seale P. Use of AUDIT-Based Measures to Identify Unhealthy Alcohol Use and Alcohol Dependence in Primary Care: A Validation Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, Vol 37, No S1, 2013: pp E253 E259

13 Drug Screening Questionnaire (DAST) Using drugs can affect your health and some medications you may take. Please help us provide you with the best medical care by answering the questions below. Which recreational drugs have you used in the past year? (Check all that apply) methamphetamines (speed, crystal) cocaine cannabis (marijuana, pot) narcotics (heroin, oxycodone, methadone, etc.) inhalants (paint thinner, aerosol, glue) hallucinogens (LSD, mushrooms) tranquilizers (valium) other How often have you used these drugs? Monthly or less Weekly Daily or almost daily 1. Have you used drugs other than those required for medical reasons? No Yes 2. Do you abuse (use) more than one drug at a time? No Yes 3. Are you unable to stop using drugs when you want to? No Yes 4. Have you ever had blackouts or flashbacks as a result of drug use? No Yes 5. Do you ever feel bad or guilty about your drug use? No Yes 6. Does your spouse (or parents) ever complain about your involvement with drugs? No Yes 7. Have you neglected your family because of your use of drugs? No Yes 8. Have you engaged in illegal activities in order to obtain drugs? No Yes 9. Have you ever experienced withdrawal symptoms (felt sick) when you stopped taking drugs? 10. Have you had medical problems as a result of your drug use (e.g. memory loss, hepatitis, convulsions, bleeding)? Do you inject drugs? No Yes Have you ever been in treatment for a drug problem? No Yes No Yes No Yes 0 1 I II III IV

14 (For the Provider) Scoring and interpreting the DAST: 1. Yes responses are one point, No responses are zero points. All response scores are added for a total score. 2. The total score correlates with a zone of use, which can be circled on the bottom right corner. Score* Zone Explanation Action 0 I Low Risk 1-2 II Risky 3-5 III Harmful 6-10 IV Severe Someone at this level is not currently using drugs and is at low risk for health or social complications. Someone using drugs at this level may develop health problems or existing problems may worsen. Someone using drugs at this level has experienced negative effects from drug use. Someone using drugs at this level could benefit from more assessment and assistance. Reinforce positive choices and educate about risks of drug use Brief Intervention to reduce or abstain from use Brief Intervention to reduce use and specific follow-up appointment (Brief Treatment if available) Brief Intervention to accept referral to specialty treatment for a full assessment Positive Health Message: Reinforce positive choices and educate about risks of drug use Brief Intervention to Reduce Use or Abstain from Using: Patient-centered discussion that employs Motivational Interviewing concepts to raise an individual s awareness of his/her drug use and enhance his/her motivation towards behavioral change. Brief interventions are 5-15 minutes, and should occur in the same session as the initial screening. The recommended behavior change is to decrease or abstain from use. Brief intervention to Reduce or Abstain (Brief Treatment if available) & Follow-up: Patients with numerous or serious negative consequences from their drug use, or patients who likely have a substance use disorder who cannot or are not willing to obtain specialized treatment, should receive more numerous and intensive interventions with follow up. The recommended behavior change is to abstain from use. Brief treatment is 1 to 5 sessions, each minutes. Refer for brief treatment if available. If brief treatment is not available, secure follow-up in 2-4 weeks. Brief Intervention to Accept Referral: The focus of the brief intervention is to enhance motivation for the patient to accept a referral to specialty treatment. If accepted, the provider should use a proactive process to facilitate access to specialty substance use disorder treatment for diagnostic assessment and, if warranted, treatment. The recommended behavior change is to abstain from use and accept the referral. More resources: * Gavin, D. R., Ross, H. E., and Skinner, H. A. Diagnostic validity of the DAST in the assessment of DSM-III drug disorders. British Journal of Addiction, 84,

15 Referral to Treatment: Brief Intervention for a Patient in the Severe Zone Risk Zone IV-Severe AUDIT Score 14+ DAST Score 6+ Description of Zone Could benefit from more assessment and assistance. For a patient in the Severe zone, the aim of the brief intervention is to enhance the patient s motivation to accept a referral to treatment for an initial appointment/assessment. Step 1 Raise the Subject If a patient scores in Zone 4, he/she is likely to have some initial awareness of consequences related to substance use as evidenced by the items marked on the AUDIT/DAST. Explain your role; ask permission to discuss alcohol/drug use screening forms Ask about alcohol/drug use patterns: What does your alcohol/drug use look like in a typical week? Ask about the patient s concerns about substance use: I m interested in finding out what concerns, if any, you have about your alcohol/drug use? Listen carefully and provide reflections of change talk and sustain talk (strategically). Step 2 Provide Feedback Provide feedback on the AUDIT and/or DAST: Your score on the screening form puts you in the Severe Zone. Individuals who score in that Zone are usually experiencing significant consequences related to their alcohol/drug use. They often benefit from more assessment and assistance (than I can offer). Review low-risk drinking limits. Elicit the patient s reaction What do you think about that? Explore connection to health/social/work issues (patient education materials): What connection might there be...? Step 3 Enhance Motivation Provide a summary and express concern: As we just talked about, your alcohol/drug use puts you in the Severe zone. I am concerned about how your alcohol/drug use may be impacting your health, and it sounds like you have some concerns too. I would like to [have you talk to our behavioral health specialist or refer you to a treatment program], to assess together what might be most helpful for you. Explore the patient s reaction to the information; listen closely and reflect. If the patient doesn t express significant concerns or seem interested in a referral, explore pros/cons: What do you like about your alcohol/drug use? What don t you like? then explore readiness On a scale of 0-10, how ready are you to make a change in your alcohol/drug use? If readiness is greater than a 2: Why that number and not a (lower one)? If the patient is somewhat open to referral, use the readiness ruler: On a scale of 0-10 how ready are you to consider seeing someone to talk more about your alcohol/drug use? If readiness is greater than 2: Why that number and not a (lower one)? Ask pros/cons of seeing someone for an assessment or treatment (ask about cons first, then pros). Step 4 Negotiate Plan If not motivated for referral or to change substance use, stop, thank patient, offer patient education materials, negotiate follow-up visit. If not motivated for referral but motivated to try changing: Summarize the conversation (zone, pros/cons, readiness); ask question: What steps would you be willing to take? Explore patient s goal for change (offer options if needed); write down steps to achieve goal; assess confidence Negotiate follow-up visit; thank patient If interested in accepting the referral: Explore the patient s understanding of what treatment is, provide feedback to explain types of treatment and support, and most importantly that treatment takes many forms. Elicit reactions: Sounds like you are open to considering getting some help. I m wondering what you know about the different types of treatment options? Use a warm handoff and plan how to get help or support: Would it be okay if we called right now to make you an appointment? or Can I call in my colleague to talk to you for a few minutes? If needed, assess for withdrawal risks and management. Copyright 2015 by University of Missouri-Kansas City SBIRT Project Developed in partnership with Denna Vandersloot For more information, contact Project Director Heather Gotham at gothamhj@umkc.edu.

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17 Prescription for Change Date: Goal: Steps: Next appointment: Contact: Prescription for Change Date: Goal: Steps: Next appointment: Contact: Prescription for Change Date: Goal: Steps: Next appointment: Contact: Prescription for Change Date: Goal: Steps: Next appointment: Contact: