CHILD ADVANCED SAFETY PROJECT FOR EUROPEAN ROADS. CASPER Misuse study. G. Müller; (Verein für Fahrzeugsicherheit Berlin e.v.)
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1 CHILD ADVANCED SAFETY PROJECT FOR EUROPEAN ROADS CASPER Misuse study CASPER and EPOCh Final Workshop March 13-15, 15, 12, Berlin, Germany G. Müller; (Verein für Fahrzeugsicherheit Berlin e.v.)
2 Aim of the Field Study - Update of misuse behavior studies with comparable data basis - Use of an updated codebook from former studies - Comparable study at different regions in Europe - Additional collection of sociological data 2
3 The Field Study - Took place in Berlin, Naples and Lyon - Consists of two parts - Observation of misuse behavior - Interview with the driver - Database - Berlin 4 cases - Lyon 4 cases - Naples 8 cases 316 cases 3
4 1. General Information about the Child - Age - Weight - Height 4
5 Distribution of children's age Age of child 7 Berlin (n=4) Lyon (n=4) Naples (n=8) Total (n=316) 6 5 percent up to 1 year 1 up to 5 years 6 up to 9 years up to 12 years age 5
6 Distribution of children's height Height Berlin (n=4) Lyon (n=4) Naples (n=8) Total (n=316) 35 percent up to 8 cm 8 up to 99 cm up to 119 cm more than 1 cm not specified 6
7 Distribution of children's weight CASPER Weight Berlin (n=4) Lyon (n=4) Naples (n=8) Total (n=316) percent up to 13 kg 13 kg up to 17 kg 18 kg up to 36 kg not specified 7
8 Comparison of weight and age CASPER Weight Q Weight vs. Age Berlin (n=4) Lyon (n=4) Naplen Naples (n=8) Q 36kg Q6 Q3 Q1,5 Q Age 8
9 Comparison of height and age CASPER Height vs. Age Berlin (n=4) Lyon (n=4) Naples (n=8) Q6 Q Height 1 Q1,5 Q3 8 6 Q Q Age 9
10 2. Information on Seating Position and on CRS
11 Distribution of seating position CASPER Seating position Berlin (n=4) Lyon (n=4) Naples (n=8) Total (n=316) 6 5 percent front passenger seats second row left second row middle position second row right 3. row not specified 11
12 Distribution of CRS classes CASPER CRS classes Berlin (n=4) Lyon (n=4) Naples (n=8) Total (n=316) 6 5 perce ent 12
13 Distribution of CRS classes CASPER CRS classes Berlin (n=4) Lyon (n=4) Naples (n=8) Total (n=316) 6 5 perce ent 13
14 Distribution of Restraint system types Restraint system type CASPER Berlin (n=4) Lyon (n=4) Naples (n=8) other (shield system) babyshell Using an integrated CRS Using a ISOfix CRS Using a Classical CRS with harness Using a booster with backrest and ISOfix Using a booster with backrest Using a booster cushion Seatbelt only Seated on adult knees (or in arms) Not restrained percent
15 Distribution of Restraint system types 6 Restraint type combined, without non use 5 <4% Using a booster Using a Using a ISOfix Using an Classical CRS with harness CRS integrated CRS babyshell other 15
16 Comparison CRS class and age of child class + (n=27) class 1 (n=74) class 2/3 Seatbelt only (n=33) not restrained (n=52) percent 6 5 up to 1 year 1 up to 5 years 6 up to 9 years up to 12 years 16
17 Distribution of CRS generation CASPER 8 Generation of CRS Berlin (n=1) Lyon (n=87) Naples (n=43) Total (n=231) 7 6 percent 5 ECE- Norm 44.1/2 ECE- Norm 44.3 ECE- Norm 44.4 not specified 17
18 3. Information on Misuse 18
19 Distribution of misuse / non use Berlin (n=4) Lyon (n=4) Naples (n=8) Total (n=316) 7 percent 6 5 Berlin: Lyon: Naples:!Different selection criteria! only children in CRS all children in a car, when one in CRS all children in a car No evidence of misuse Misuse None use 19
20 Comparison with older field studies percen nt correct Misuse CASPER 11 Source: [Langwieder, 1997; Langwieder, 3; Fastenmeier, 6; Hummel, 8]
21 Comparison with older field studies (Berlin only) percent correct Misuse CASPER 11 Berlin only! Source: [Langwieder, 1997; Langwieder, 3; Fastenmeier, 6; Hummel, 8] 21
22 Type of misuse CASPER Type of misuse 6 Berlin (n=119) Lyon (n=96) Naples (n=44) Total (n=259) perce ent 5 Securing Misuse Installation Misuse No evidence of misuse Misuse of CRS installation Misuse child / restraint system 22
23 Most common securing misuse - Slack in harness (baby shell, class 1) 26% - Lower belt guide not used (class 2/3) 18% - Car belt twisted (class 2/3) 13% - Wrong shoulder belt position (class 1; 2/3) 11% - CRS belt under arm of child (class 2/3) 7% - Child to small for CRS (class 1; 2/3) 6% n=119 23
24 Securing misuse CASPER percent Assessment of securing misuse Berlin (n=41) Lyon (n=57) Naples (n=16) Total (n=114) minor medium servere 24
25 Most common installation misuse Distribution of children's age wrong buckle used car belt to short CRS not fixed CRS damaged car belt not tightened belt clamping function not used car belt twisted own installation construction/underlay active airbag car buckle open wrong belt path wrong fixation wrong position wrong installation direction Berlin (n=37) Lyon (n=25) Naples (n=14) Total (n=76) 25 6 percent
26 Installation misuse CASPER 9 Assessment of Installation Misuse Berlin (n=) Lyon (n=16) Naples (n=11) Total (n=57) percent minor medium servere 26
27 Overall assessment Overall assessment misuse Berlin (n=53) Lyon (n=66) Naples (n=16) Total (n=135) 9 8 perce ent minor medium servere 27
28 Overall assessment comparison with older studies 7 Misuse severity 6 5 percent slight medium critical CASPER 11 Source: [Langwieder, 1997; Langwieder, 3; Fastenmeier, 6; Hummel, 8] 28
29 4. Information on Transport Situation 29
30 Comparison of misuse and travel time percent under 15 minutes (n=87) 15 till minutes (n=8) till 6 minutes (n=53) more than 6 minutes (n=) total (n=316) correct Misuse None Use
31 Comparison of misuse and travel purpose percent schopping shopping (n=54) school/kindergarten / kindergarden(n=9) holidays (n=14) recreation (n=75) other (n=16) total (n=312) leisure CASPER correct Misuse None Use 31
32 Self-assessment of driver percent Do you think everything is alright? Berlin (n=4) Lyon (n=4) Naples (n=8) Total (n=316) Yes No Partly Do not know not specified 32
33 Self-assessment and actual misuse CASPER Do you think everything is alright? Yes (n=198) No (n=17) Partly (n=34) percent Correct Misuse 33
34 Comparison misuse and age of child up to 1 year (n=33) 1 up to 5 years (n=165) 6 up to 9 years (n=88) years and older (n=26) Total (n=312) percent correct Misuse None use 34
35 Summary - Misuse is still a prevalent problem - There is also a large group of non use cases - Significant regional differences - Main problem is correct belt path - Misuse depends on purpose and duration of the ride - Parents want to secure their child correctly misuse due to insufficient knowledge - ISOFIX is seldom used 35
36 Thank you for your attention! Contact: Verein für Fahrzeugsicherheit Berlin e.v. 36
37 Sources: CASPER [Fastenmeier, 6]: Fastenmeier, W.; Lehnig, U.: Fehlerhafte Nutzung von Kinderschutzsystemen in Pkw, Bericht der BASt, Heft M178, Bergisch Gladbach, 6 [Hummel, 8]: Hummel, Th.; Finkbeiner F.; Kühn, M.: Misuse of Child Restraint Systems A 8 Observation Study in Germany, 6 th International Conference Protection of Children in Cars, 4-5 Dezember 8, München, Germany [Langwieder, 1997]: Langwieder, K.; Stadler, P.; Hummel, Th.; Fastenmeier, W.; Finkbeiner, F.: Verbesserung des Schutzes von Kindern in Pkw, Bericht der BASt, Heft M37, Bergisch Gladbach, 1997 [Langwieder, 3]: Langwieder, K.; Hummel, Th.; Finkbeiner, F.; Roselt, Th.: Kinder im Auto, Studie zur Verwendung von KSS und Verbesserungspotentiale durch ISOFIX, 4, GDV Bericht, 3 37
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