The Third international Medical Conference

Transcription

1 The Third international Medical Conference

2 Adolescent s and Youth Health: Development and Future Challenges An- Najah National University Nablus- Palestine 20,21 October 2010

3 Dr. Bashar A. Karmi Clinical Pathologist Medicare-Medipal General Manager

4 Detection of drug abuse, overview The study of Medicare-Medipal laboratory results

5 The results of the laboratory tests performed in Medicare Medipal laboratories Abusers/ Addicts The study to highlight:

6 The phenomenon of drug abuse in West Bank. Lab. tests low demand compared with huge phenomenon. The limitations and specifications of the test. To find a common language between the lab and the doctor / family in these cases. Lecture purposes:

7 Focusing on the types of drugs that have been diagnosed. Population distribution of the abusers and addicts according to the lab. The annual distribution for the positive cases we diagnosed. Age groups for addicts and abusers in this group. Conclusions and recommendations. It aims also to:

8 Most Palestinian studies talks behavioral and psychological aspects and the addiction causes etc. While there are NO or limited studies in the clinical field.

9 Drug abuse phenomenon in Palestine The estimates in Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Interior drug abuse phenomenon study indicate that there are approximately addicts and nearly abusers in the Palestinian society. In 2006 more than a third of them from Jerusalem District.

10 The General Administration of anti-drugs for December 2005 estimates indicate that the number of abusers ranges between in Palestinian territories, except Jerusalem which included abusers. Drug abuse phenomenon in Palestine

11 The number of addicts: addicts in Jerusalem 4000 addicts in West Bank 6000 addicts in Gaza Strip From the archives of the General Administration of antidrugs ( 2006 ) The numbers of addicts

12 6307 cases distributed as follows: 12.8% smuggling 57.4% abuse 22.3% agriculture General Administration of antidrugs from

13 Jerusalem and its environs ( abo dis, ber nabala, ram ) considered as the most endemic in west bank. Geographical distribution

14 According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, ministry of interior 2007, drug abuse phenomenon There are 3 types of drugs in Palestinian market: Hashish and bango Heroin Coke or cocktail, mixture of heroin, narcotics and chemicals The most common Drugs:

15 The following characteristics are noticeable in this phenomenon:- The abuse begins at an early age. The age groups at risk are: young people from year followed by year. Age Group:

16 Between in west bank and Jerusalem, due to: Overdose Or Abuse ( fake drugs ) Statistics of the national commission for anti-drugs 130 sudden deaths

17 The possible spread of infectious diseases among the drug abusers especially HIV and hepatitis B and C etc. due to syringe sharing. Remember that:

18 Social factors Family factors Personal factors The reasons for the drug abuse phenomenon:

19 CHRACTERIZED by: Economy independence of young people. Dropping out of schools Which explains the low educational levels of drug addicts and the high rates of unemployment among them Israeli occupation has created a new social situation

20 From 2005 to 2010 Medicare Medipal labs performed 65 tests. The results of 28 persons ( 43% ) were positive indicating the presence of one or more of drugs in their urine samples.

21 The age of abusers and addicts : ranged from 7-55 year Sample included: 60 men / boys 5 women / girls The distribution of samples according to age and sex:

22 Remember please that our kit is: Screening one Not Diagnostic test.

23 Laboratory result depends on:- 1) The number of times abusing drugs. 2) Dose. 3) The route of drug entry. 4) Age and weight of the patient. 5) Type of drug and. 6) The speed of drug clearance.

24 Marijuana, Hashish 3-10 days Morphine, Heroin two days Methamphetamine, Ecstasy two days Cocaine, Crack Benzodiazepines, Valium hours 7 days The maximum period that our kit can monitor the drugs

25 Sp./ Sen. TCH (Marijuana, Hashish) 84.1/98.2 OPI (Morphine, Heroin) 97.4/91.3 M-AMP (Methamph., Ecstasy) 99.0/92.8 COC (cocaine, Crack) 96.0/98.1 BZD (Benzodiazep., Valium) 84.7/97.8 The specificity and sensitivity of the results

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27 POSITIVE NEGATIVE total نتائج الفحوصات خالل االعوام

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34 While there is an increasing number of tests performed annually, it s still far from the real needed ones Conclusions:

35 TCH (Marijuana, Hashish) OPI (Morphine, Heroin) M-AMP (Methamph., Ecstasy) BZD (Benzodiazep., Valium) The most common drugs according to our findings are:-

36 While previous studies indicate cocaine as one of most common drugs used in Palestine, this finding could NOT be confirmed in our findings? We don t have any positive results for cocaine and crack:

37 19 abusers/ addicts have one type of drugs in their samples. 6 abusers/ addicts ( 21 %) have two drugs. One abuser/addict have three types of drugs in his urine sample. The number of drugs used :

38 Despite the high number of abusers and addicts, however the number of tests that we made are not commensurate with the volume of this phenomenon The abusers and addicts with annual increase by 2.4 % should raise our attention to this growing phenomenon We should concentrate on the most susceptible ages between and ages between 10-17, Cconclusions and recommendations : doctors and healthcare workers

39 The family and the school are the best to pay attention and monitor the behavioral changes in the child s trip with drugs. It is the duty of healthcare workers to educate the family and the education staff to monitor the early behavioral changes and to seek the special assistance that could be a simple tests just like urine drug test. conclusions and recommandations family / school / teachers:

40 We should remind that our results are screening tests NOT diagnostic ones. The importance of test terms- timing, drug dosage, drug type etc. in result interpretation. The need for test repeating to monitor the case. Conclusions and recommandations a the laboratory:

41 Thanks Medicare team, researcher Afaf Rabee and dr. Violait Fashy

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