From%the%Source%to%the%Street% Michigan(Law(Enforcement(&(Prosecution(Strategies:( Combating(Upper(Tier(Drug(Trafficking(

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1 From%the%Source%to%the%Street% MichiganLawEnforcement&ProsecutionStrategies: CombatingUpperTierDrugTrafficking Detroit Wayne Mental Health Authority Executive Director Abraham L. Azzam Deputy Director Craig Summers February10,2016 Detroit,Michigan

2 What s a HIDTA? High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area A COALITION OF FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, AND TRIBAL LE AGENCIES: Fromaspecificgeographicarea Joinedtogethertoreceivefederalgrantfunds Tofacilitatespecificdrugcontrolissues

3 The HIDTA Mission Disrupt/Dismantle, Improve Efficiency/Effectiveness TO ASSIST LAW ENFORCEMENT DISRUPT AND DISMANTLE DTOS AND MLOS: Disrupt:Theoperationoftheorganizationisimpeded,asindicatedby changesinleadership,methods,financing,transportationordistribution. Dismantle:Theleadership,financialbaseandsupplynetworkare destroyedandincapableofoperatingand/orreconstitutingitself. TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF LE INVESTIGATIONS: REDUCEtheduplicationoflawenforcementeffort LEVERAGEexistingresources INCREASEprosecutionsandseizures

4 Executive Board Composition Federal, State, and Local Representation FEDERAL U.S.Attorney FBI DEA HSI/ICE U.S.Marshal IRS TSA ATF STATE AND LOCAL MichiganStatePolice DetroitPoliceDepartment Prosecutor srepresentative EasternSheriff srepresentative 2 WesternSheriff srepresentative EasternChief srepresentative WesternChief srepresentative EX-OFFICIO MINationalGuard MIAttorneyGeneral U.S.SecretService USCoastGuard MIDept.Comm.Health USPostalInspector WCProsecutor soffice USCustomsandBorderProtection Equal&voice& &Equal&vote&

5 28 HIDTAs Nationwide Coverage for 60% of Nation s Population Appalachia Atlanta Central Florida Central Valley CA) Chicago Gulf Coast Hawaii Houston Lake County IN) Los Angeles Michigan Midwest, Milwaukee Nevada New England New York/New Jersey North Florida Texahoma Northern California Northwest WA) Ohio Oregon Philadelphia/Camden Puerto Rico-US Virgin Isl. Rocky Mountain CO) South Florida Southwest Border 5) Washington-Baltimore

6 The Threat Location, Border, Violence, Illicit Organizations LOCATION: Chicago/Cleveland/NewYork/Montrealarekey%cities%intheN.American drugtrade BORDER: LargeCanadianborder.Highwaysandinternationalairportsfacilitate drugtransport VIOLENT CITIES: Detroit/Flint/SaginawinAOR;3%of%the%most%violent%cities%in%US% %2014%Homicides:%%DetroitH304,%FlintH28,%SaginawH13% DTOS AND MLOS: Activeinvestigationsonover200%DTOs%and%MLOs%withintheregion

7 DTOs and MLOs Drugs Trafficked HIDTA TASK FORCES INVESTIGATED 267 DTOS IN DTOs42%)wereclassifiedaspolyHdrug%organizations% 140DTOs52%)ofthetotalunderinvestigationtraffickedmarijuana 120DTOs45%)traffickedcocaine 94DTOs35%)traffickedheroin 37DTOs14%)traffickedcrack%cocaine 24DTOs9%)traffickedprescription%drugs 16DTOs6%)traffickedmethamphetamine DTOs/MLOs&may&be&included&in&totals&more&than&once& due&to&their&status&as&poly=drug&traffickers&

8 DTOs and MLOs Size, Gang Affiliation, Violence SMALL IN MEMBERSHIP, INDEPENDENT, VIOLENT 202DTOs/MLOs76%)%consisted%of%10%members%or%less% 3714%)consistedof11g20members 259%)consistedof21g100members 31%)consistedofmorethan100members 7728%)havesomegangaffiliation,mainlyNeighborhoodgBasedGangs NBGs)inurbanareas 9234%)werereportedtobeviolentinnature

9 DTOs and MLOs Fulfilling the Mission in 2014 and beyond IN 2014, MI HIDTA TASK FORCES DISRUPTED OR DISMANTLED 96 OF THE 104 DTOS/MLOS TARGETED 92% 18ofwhichwereInternational** Conductsoperationsinmorethanonecountry 34ofwhichwereMulti-State** ConductsoperationsinmultipleUSstates 44ofwhichwereLocal* Operationsaregenerallylimitedtoametropolitanarea

10 Heroin Michigan s Greatest Drug Threat? HeroinoverdosesanddeathscontinuetobeaseriousproblemintheMichiganHIDTAregion causinglossoflifeandterriblepainandsufferingformanyfamiliesandfriends.35%ofdtos investigatedbymihidtataskforcestrafficheroin. In2014,14,686residents25.2%%of%all%public%drug%treatment%admissions)%wereadmittedfor treatmentforheroinabuse,upfrom13,376in2013. In2014,heroinaccountedforthelargestpercentageofdrugtreatmentadmissionsinMacomb, Monroe,Oakland,WashtenawandWaynecounties,aswellastheCityofDetroit. MDCHRecordsandHealthStatisticsSection,reports319%heroinHrelated%deaths%in%2013,%a%58%% increase%from2012.in2013,1in5drugpoisoningdeathsinmichiganwererelatedtoheroin. HIDTAinitiativesseizedmorethan45.4kilosofheroinin2014,withawholesalevalueofover$3.7 million. Priceperkilogramofheroinisstableatabout$83,000,withstreetgrampricesof$100g$200. %

11 Heroin Continued) 2015*Michigan*HIDTA*Threat*Assessment*ranksheroinasthelikely#1%drug%threat%in% the%state.% TheMichiganHIDTAandourlawenforcementpartnershavebeenproactivein addressingthisseriousproblem. SinceMay20,2015theMichiganHIDTAinconjunctionwithourpartnersfromthe MichiganStatePolice,theDSEMIICandMIOCtheDEAandtheMichiganNational Guardhaveputinplaceadvanceddatacollectionandinformationsharingmethods toidentifyherointraffickersandherointraffickersinvolvedinsellingherointhat causesanoverdosedeath. PROBLEM:%In2014MexicanCartelswereresponsiblefor42metrictonsofhigh gradeheroindestinedforus.in2013,26metrictonscamefrommexico.thisisan increaseof62%.cheaper,purerheroinwilltrytodefeatlawenforcementefforts.

12 Naloxone Naloxone%Hydrochloride) Inearly2014theMichiganHIDTAanditslocallawenforcementpartners becamestrongadvocatesforstatelegislationtoreducethenumberofopiateg relatedoverdosedeathsinourcommunity,and%played%a%major%role%in%the% passing%of%this%legislation.% WestronglysupportedlegislationtoallowMichiganLawenforcementofficers topossessandadministeran opioidantagonist:suchasnaloxone hydrochloride,toapersonanofficerhasagoodfaithbeliefissufferingfroman opiategrelatedoverdose. InJuneof2014thelocallawenforcementpartnersoftheMichiganHIDTA ExecutiveBoardsentalettertoeverymemberoftheMichiganLegislature stronglysupportingthelegislation. Manyofourlocallawenforcementpartnershaveequippedtheirofficerswith naloxoneandhavebeen%responsible%for%saving%dozens%of%lives.%

13 Illegal Prescription Drugs Diversion, a Significant Threat Diversion,viafraud, doctorshopping,pharmacyburglaries/robberies,fakeprescriptioncallgins topharmaciesandutilizingphysicianswhooperateasdtos,continuetobeathreat. 9%ofDTOsinvestigatedbyMIHIDTAtaskforcestrafficillegallydivertedprescriptiondrugs. In2014,7,823residents13.4%ofallpublicdrugtreatmentadmissions)wereadmittedfor treatment otheropiates,whichincludesprescriptiondrugs. Michigancontinuestobeasourcestatefordivertedprescriptiondrugs,whicharedistributedto Indiana,Ohio,Kentucky,PennsylvaniaandWestVirginia.Streetpricesfordivertedprescription drugsrunfrom$1to$45perpillinmichigan,butmay%sell%for%double%or%triple%their%value%when% distributed%to%other%states.themostcommonlydiverteddepressantsarexanaxandvalium, whileativanisthemostcommonlydivertedstimulant. In2014,MAPSMichiganAutomatedPrescriptionSystem)reportedover12millionprescriptions wereissuedforhydrocodone,xanax,oxycodone,klonopin,ativan,ultramandvalium. HIDTAinitiativesseizednearly$1millionatwholesalevalueofprescriptiondrugs.

14 Marijuana Still King, But Not Your Father s Marijuana ContinuestobethemostreadilyavailableandabuseddruginMichigan.52%ofDTOs investigatedbymihidtataskforcestrafficmarijuana. SinceenactmentoftheMichiganMedicalMarihuanaActin2008,theillegalproductionofhigh quality,locallygrownmarijuanahasincreasedsharply.abuseoftheaboveactbycardholders, caregiversandphysicianscontinuesasamajorthreat.in2014,therewerenearly120,000 registeredcardholdersandcaregivers,andnearly1,500physicianswhoprovidedqualifying writtencertifications. Highggradeindoorggrownmarijuanasellsforasmuchas$7,500/pound,whileMexicangrown marijuanaaveragesaround$2,000/pound. HIDTAinitiativesseizedover17,000kilosofmarijuanain2014,withawholesalevalueofover $73,000,000.The%volume%seized%represents%over%80%%of%all%drugs%seized%for%the%year.%% % THC%levels%have%increased%by%144%,%from%.2%%%in%1999%to%11.4%%in%2011.%%THC%levels%in% Medibles,%BHO,%Oil,%Wax,%etc.,%are%80H90%%and%are%selling%for%$10,000/pound.% Proposals%to%legalize%recreational%marijuana%in%Michigan%could%appear%on%the%November%2016% ballot.%%proposals%would%provide%for%the%private%licensing%of%cannabis%growers%and%retailers.%%

15 Cocaine & Crack Demand and Availability Are Down, Prices Are Up Availabilityintheregionislowtomoderate,demand%is%declining%duetoLEenforcementefforts andincreaseindemandofheroin.lowerdemandhasincreasedprices. 45%ofDTOsinvestigatedbyMIHIDTAtaskforcestrafficcocaine,while14%trafficcrack. Pricefortopendcocaineisabout$45,000/kilogram.Theaveragepriceperkiloin2013was $34,800,upfrom$30,000in2012. Substanceabusetreatmentadmissionsforcocainehavesteadilydeclinedinthelastfewyears,a trendwhichisexpectedtocontinue. HIDTAinitiativesseizedover290kilosofheroinin2014,withawholesalevalueover$10million 11%ofthewholesalevalueofalldrugsseizedbyHIDTAtaskforcesin2014).Over6kilosofcrack wasseizedatavalueofnearly$200,000.

16 Methamphetamine A Localized But Growing Threat Availabilityismoderatebutincreasingthroughoutstatealthoughgeographicallynotevenly disbursed.productionandconsumptionoccurprimarilyinsouthwestmichigan. Methusedtobeproducedpredominantlybyindependentcooks,insmallamounts,forpersonal consumptionorlocalsale,viatheonegpotmethod.productioncapabilityofmostlabsislessthan 2ounces.In%2014,%meth%labs%were%found%in%60%Michigan%counties.%%Overall,%Michigan%rated%as% the%6 th %highest%state%in%the%nation%with%738%meth%incidents%in%2014.% ThereisanincreasingpresenceofMexicanmethcomingintoMichiganandsellingfor$24,000/ kilo.hidtainitiativesseizedabout11kilosofmethin2014,withawholesalevalueofover $250,000. Drugtreatmentadmissionsformethconstituteonlyabout1.1%oftotaldrugtreatment admissions.manysubstanceabusersarepolygdrugusershoweveranddonotindicatemethas theirprimarydrugattimeofadmission. Legislativeeffortstoregulate/restrictpregcursorchemicalsephedrine/pseudogephedrine)have metwithmixedresults.

17 Synthetics Cannabinoids K-2, Spice) and Cathinones Bath Salts) ReadilyavailableinsomepartsofMichiganwithno%significant%increase%in%use.%%Incidentsofsale remainlow. Oftensoldatconveniencestores,gasstations,etc.,andperceivedasa legalhigh. In2012,southeastMichiganjurisdictionsissuedemergencybansonsomesynthetics. Asmallsalepacketofsyntheticscostsabout$20g30.

18 Movement of Illegal Drugs Planes, Trains and Automobiles The% majority% of% drug% trafficking% with% a% nexus% to% Michigan% is% conducted% by% African% American% DTOs% and% Mexican/Hispanic% DTOs.% They are involved in transportation and distributionofheroin,cocaine,crackandmarijuana. Michigan s heroin supply often comes directly from the Southwest border to Detroit, sometimesthroughchicago.mostismanufacturedinsouthamericaandmexico. Mostoftheillegaldrugssmuggledinto,outof,andthroughoutMichigantravelalongthe maincorridorsof;ig75,ig94,ig96,usg23andusg127. A majority of seized drugs are found in personal vehicles, rental vehicles or commercial tractortrailers,manyofwhichoftenhavehiddencompartments. Marijuana continues to be the most seized drug at Detroit ports of entry. In 2014 seized marijuanaaccountedfor11.5kilosadeclinefrom87kilosin2013. Moreoften,illicitdrugsarebeingmovedbyutilizingUPS,FedExandtheUSPostalService. DetroitMetroAirportandbusstations,suchastheRosaParksTransitCenterinDetroitare commonstopsfordrugparcelsenteringthestate.

19 Illicit Finance Following the Money Obtainingtruefiguresregardingtheamountofbulkcurrencyseized isdifficult,asmanymichiganleagenciesdonotreporttheir totals.totalseizuresthereforearelikelygrosslyunderreported. In2014,Michiganrankedasthe21 st higheststateintermsoftheamountofbulkcurrency seized,withatotalof$4.7million. MostbulkcashseizuresoccuronIg94,andIg75whichranksasoneofthetoptensmuggling highwaysintheus.

20 HIDTA ISDC Participating Agencies FBI,DEA,HSI/ICE,MICHIGANNATIONALGUARD,DETROITPOLICE, ATF,MICHIGANSTATEPOLICE,IRS,DSEMIIC,HIDTA