neoplasms chemotherapy AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome mycotoxins allergens Fungal infections opportunisitic pathogens accidental phenomenon

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1 00 0. (SDA) C. 0 C. tropicalis albicans 0. sp Ketoconazole Fluconazole Agar dilution method. 00 Miconazole Lugol's Iodine Iodine Gentian violet C. glabrata. krusei Miconazole Ketoconazole Phenol Povidone-Iodine neoplasms chemotherapy AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome accidental phenomenon mycotoxins allergens Fungal infections opportunisitic pathogens immunological status malignant

2 C. C. krusei C. C. Kefyr C. tropicalis parapsilosis C. guilliermondii glabrata C. C. parapsilosis Endocarditis albicans C. glabrata candidiasis C. tropicalis disseminated candidiasis Bennett Kown Chung environmental factors Rippon subacute acute chronic septicemia Endocarditis meningitis Ellis onychomycosis Midgely Minimal Inhibitory Concentration MFC Minimal Fungicidial Concentration Yeast like fungi pseudohyphae 00 Kolarik Normal Anderson, 0 budding flora (Ellis, ; 0 McGinnis B antihistamines Systemic Candidiasis, 00 C. albicans 0

3 Buckley 0 McGinnis Ellis Germ tube formation test Chlamydospores formation test Guient Kreger Van Rij Agar dilution Baron Finegold 0 McGinnis method () Gugnani Okeke Fungal isolates C. albicans C. C. krusei tropicalis sp. glabrata Fungal inoculum sterillized cotton swab 0 Ellis 0 wireloop SDA Culture 0 Neubauer counting Chamber

4 Determination of and MFC Agar dilution method Gugnani Okeke 0 McGinnis () 0000 SDB 000 Working Solution SDB 0 SDB 0. SDA Test media.0 ph. SDA Antifungal drugs (Fugidin) SDI Miconazole SDI Fluconazole Ketoconazole Stock 0000 solution 00 DMSO DMSO DMSO

5 Dmso Evaluation of disinfectants Phenol coefficient tests Fungal isolates albicans C.krusei Disinfectants Phenol Iodine Povidone Iodine 0 0

6 ) Lugol's iodine.. ( Gentian violet.). 0. :( Hugo Russell SDA L 00 Result 0 0 SDA

7 00 C. albicans albicans 0 C. krusei C. tropicalis 0 tropicalis sp. glabrata 0 albicans C. krusei sp.

8 0 albicans 0 C. tropicalis 0 C. krusei. C. glabrata sp. 0. Miconazole Fluconazole Ketoconazole Ketoconazole Fluconazole Miconazole MFC MFC

9 00 (ug/ml) c ( ) M 00<-. F C.-. N 00-. K.-. ( ) M F.- 0. C.-. N K C. glabrata ( ) M 00 F C N.-. K.-. C. krusei ) M. 00

10 F 00-. C.-. N 00- K.-. sp. ( ) M F C 0.0 N 00 K 0.0 Miconazole 0. Fluconazole Ketoconazole

11 00 MFC Miconazole Fluconazole Ketoconazol e MFC MFC MFC MFC MFC C.krusei sp Gentian violet Lugol's Iodine Iodine phenol povidone Iodine... C. albicans. C. tropicalis C. glabrata. C. krusei

12 povidone Iodine C.krusei. 0. Gentian violet C.krusei.. 0 Lugol's Iodine C.krusei...

13 00 0 () Graner Paetzold Ellis 0 McGinnis. C.krusei 0 0. sp. Ghannoum 0. C. albicans DiSilverio Ellis Al-Duboon C. albicans. Alicja Budak

14 0 0

15 00 Gon Eukaryotic Organisms McGinnis 0 In vitro Espinal Ingroff Miconazole Fluconazole Ketoconazole Ketoconazole. 00. Wildfeuer Al-Duboon. Khudor Fluconazole Fluconazole..... Ghannoum 00 Al-Duboon. 00 Khudor... Miconazole Lister antiseptic standard Rideal walker Chick Martin

16 Hugo Russell Scott. 000 Alternaria alternata Aspergillus candidus A.chlamydospora A. niger A. fumigatus A. flavus C.cifferrii albicans C. Chrysosporium keratinophilum Sporothrix schenckii tropicum 00. povidone iodine 00 0 C.krusei 0 Scott. 0 Povidone-iodine T. mentagrophytes Hugo Russell gentian povidone-iodine phenol iodine Lugol's iodine violet.. C.krusei Scott albicans Aspergillus Trichophyton mentagrophytes 0. niger. I Lugol's Solution

17 00 cows in Basrah/ Iraq. The Veterinan, vol. 0, (). P -. Alicja Budak, Macuta, A.B., Nazur, T. and zofia Laskownika (). Fungal species isolated from skin and nail lesions of hands and feet of patients suspected of mycotic infections. mykosen, 0:-. Anderson, J.R. (0). Muri's textbook of pathology. th ed. Edwarde Arnold, Norwich, U.K. 0p. Buckley, H.R.(). Identification of yeasts. In: Medical mycology. A practical approach. Evans, E.G. and Richaroach, M.D.(eds) I.RL.Press, Oxford University press. p : -0 Ellis, D.H. (). Clinical mycology. The human opportunistic mycoses. Pfizer, New York. P. Espinel- Ingroff, A.(). Standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing. Review update, Revista Iberoamerican de Micologia, :- Finegold S.M. & Baron E.J.(). Bailey and scott's Diagnostic Microbiology. th ed. The C.V Mosby company. St.Louis Toronto. princeton. p. Ghannoum, M.A.; Sharif, H.F.& AL- Gharreer, H.(). Sensitivity of clinical yeast isolates in kuwait against a number of antifungal agents. Mykosen, :0-0 A. niger. Lugol's 0 Povidone iodine Iodine gentian violet.. 0. C. albicans C. glabrata C.krusei 00 Al-Duboon, A.H. (). A study on superficial cutaneous mycoses in Basrah (Iraq), Ph.D. thesis, College of Science, University of Basrah. p. Al-Duboon, A.H. Abdul-Aziz, J.M. and Abdullah, S.K. (000). The Effict of five Antimycotic drugas against some fungi isolated from hair of

18 medical mycology. Mosby-wolfe, an imprint of mosby international, Spain, p Okeke, C.N. & Gugnani, H.C.(). In vitro sensitivity of environmental isolated of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi to azole compounds and a phenylpropyl-mpholine derivative. Mycopathologia, :-. Paetzold, O.H. and Garner, E. (). Incidence of different species in infections observed in the Department of Dermatology, University of kiel, Mykosen, :-. Rippon, J.W. (). Medical Mycology. rd ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA. Wildfeuer, A.; Seidl,H.p.; Paule, I. and Haberreiter, A.(). In vitro evaluation of voriconazole against clinical isolates of yeasts, moulds and dermatophytes in comparison with itraconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and griseofulvin. Mycoses, :0-. Gon, C.L; Tay, Y.k.; Ali, K.B., koh, M.T. & seow, C.S. (). In vitro evaluation of griseofuvin, ketoconzole and itraconazole against various dermatophytes in Singapore. Int. J.Dermatol. :- Hugo W.B & Russell A.D. (). Pharmaceutical Microbiology. Black well Scientific publications th ed, London. p. Khudor, M.H.(). A study on vaginal candidiasis in Basrah women and effect of five antifungal drugs on some clinical isolated. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Science, University of Basrah. p. Kreger-Van Rij, N.J.W. (). The yeasts. A taxnomic study. ed Elsevier, Amestevdam.PP -. Kwon-Chung, K.J. and Bennett, J.E.(). Medical mycology. Lea& Febiger, Philadelphia and London. Pp. McGinnis, M.R.(0). Laboratory hand book of medical mycology Academic press, New York, USA, p Midgley, G.;Clayton, Y.M. and Hay, R.J.(). Diagnosis in color 0

19 00 MUCO CUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS IN BASRAH INFANTS A. H. Al-Duboon ; K. K. Al-Rubaiy and L. K. Muhsin - Basrah University/ Marine Science Center - Basrah University/ College of Medicine - Basrah University/ Unit of Electron Microscope Summary A total of clinical specimens were collected from infants ( males and females) aged from month to years from Basrah General Hospital and Basrah Maternatily and children Hospital. The collected specimens were examind for etiologic agents by direct microscopy (KOH- mounting) and culture on suitable culture media. Five species of were isolated and identified as: albicans (%), C. tropicalis (0%), C. krusei (.%), C. glabrata (%) and sp. ( 0.%). The study was also conducted to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration () for the antifungals: clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin, fluconazole and ketoconazole by the agar dilution method against the isolated species. Ketoconazole was the most effective antifungal inhibit 00% of the isolates at a concentration of. ug/ml. came after Ketoconazole and Miconazole was the least effective drug. The activity of five antiseptics (phenol, Iodine, Povidone- iodine, gentian-violet and Lugol's-iodine) were also tested and the phenol was the most effective one against isolates of.