FAO's development of the Adult Male Equivalent (AME) Concept

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1 FAO's development of the Adult Male Equivalent (AME) Concept Robert Weisell & Marie-Claude Dop Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN

2 Definition of Adult Male Equivalent (AME) The energy requirement of a household or another food consumption unit expressed as a multiple of an adult male s energy requirement.

3 Questions or Issued addressed Why is the AME advocated? To improve the analysis of HHFC&E surveys;

4 Questions or Issued addressed Why not just use per capita consumption? HH members consume food in an attempt to meet their energy requirements which is largely dependent on body size and physical activity; However, HH members vary in body size and level of physical expenditure.

5 Issues addressed Calculation of AME; Examine the minimum type or level of data or information to determine the AME.

6 Review of Energy Requirements: most recent FAO/WHO Joint Expert Consultations 1971 Expert Consultation (1973 Report) 1981 Expert Consultation (1985 Report) 2001 Expert Consultation (2004 Report)

7 1973 Report: Principle Concepts intake approach (a circular argument) reference man and reference woman 1985 Report: Food intake => requirements for children <10 requirements of the rest based on energy expenditure socially desirable activities accounted for exercise for cardiovascular & muscular fitness

8 Principle Concepts 2004 Report: requirements based on energy expenditure; socially desirable activities but considering varying levels of habitual physical activity; exercise for cardiovascular well-being and muscular fitness; more sophisticated calculation of energy needs during pregnancy and lactation.

9 2004 Report Factorial method based on Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) Adults (>18 yr) Two major components of TEE: basal metabolic rate (BMR) physical activity based on the duration of the different daily activities and related energy expenditure values. use of the integrated energy index (IEI) energy expenditure of an activity with pauses and expressed as a multiple BMR; = to PAL value

10 Physical Activity Level (PAL) Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) When expressed as a multiple of BMR over 24 hours = PAL Thus BMR X PAL = TEE 1,600 kcal X 1.75 = 2,800 kcal

11 Development and calculation of the Adult Male Equivalent

12 Surveys using the AME (1) Madagascar 1962, national rural, 5000 HH Brazil , nationwide, 55,000 families (IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estadïstica) Peru - late 1970s

13 Surveys using the AME (2) Tunisia , national HH budget and food consumption, 2,510 HHs Côte d Ivoire 1979, national food consump and expend, 720 rural & 1440 urban HHs Cape Verde , national FC & HH expenditure, 4550 HHs

14 The reason for FAO conducting surveys In the 1960 s FAO conducted the Indicative World Plan ; Paucity of data on HH food consumption; FAO advocated suggested appending food consumption data collection to the household expenditure and budget surveys.

15 Two critical issues in calculating HH requirement 1. Attendance at meals (including guests), number of meals and where meals were consumed if not at home. 2. Determination of each participant s energy requirement and then weighting it compared to a typical adult male.

16 Problems/issues: To recap: Absences due to that person not eating or eating outside; Guests at the meal; Differences in the meal patterns among members: number and which meals); For any one person the difference in the meal pattern from week to week.

17 Example of a 4 HH members + a guest HH Member Sex Age Ref Wgt/Hgt Head HH Male Spouse Female Daughter Female Son Male 3 16 Adult Guest Male Unknown 64

18 Effect of meal attendance on HH Req. Day 1 Cons Unit Members Breakfast Lunch Snack Dinner wgt of at Meal meal attd Head HH Spouse Daughter Son Guest Total CU* 3.76 * number of CUs is used to express intake per capita

19 Effect of meal attendance and AME on daily energy requirement Day 1 AME Consumer AME Daily Req Members Units Wgt. by X meal at Meal meal attd. attend. Head HH ,604 Spouse ,018 Daughter ,278 Son ,249 Guest Total ,992 2,126 kcal 2,813 kcal

20 intake from hypo HH and in Cape Verde survey Per cap Per AME Hypothetical Family Mean - Cape Verde Survey

Lab Exercise 8. Energy Expenditure (98 points)

Lab Exercise 8. Energy Expenditure (98 points) Lab Exercise 8 Energy Expenditure (98 points) Introduction To understand an individual s energy requirements, we must be able to estimate their usual energy expenditure. This is difficult to do in free