CURRENT CLINICAL PRACTICE

Transcription

1 Women's Health in Clinical Practice

2 L CURRENT CLINICAL PRACTICE NEIL S. SKOLNIK, MD SERIES EDITOR K F L Targeted Cancer Therapy, edited by RAZEL LE URZROCK AND MAURIE MARKMAN, 2008 Essential Infectious Disease Topics for Primary Care, edited by NEIL S. SKOLNIK AND Ross H. ALBERT, 2008 Anxiety Disorders: A POCKET GUIDE FOR PRIMARY CARE, edited by JOHN R. VANIN AND JAMES D. HELSLEY, 2008 Practical Evaluation and Management Coding: A FOUR-STEP GUIDE FOR PH YSICIANS AND CODERS, by CHRISTOPHER L. TAYWR, 2008 Women's Health in Clinical Practice: A HANDBOOK FOR PRIMARY CARE, edited by AMY LYNN CLOUSE AND KATHERINE SHERIF, 2008 Primary Care Sleep Medicine: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, edited by J. F. PAGEL AND S. R. PANDI-PERUMAL, 2008 Essential Practice Guidelines in Primary Care, edited by NEIL S. SKOLNIK, 2007 Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR PRIMARY CARE, edited by ANITA NELSON AND JoANN WOODWARD, 2007 Allergic Diseases: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT, THIRD EDITION, edited by PHIL LIEBERMAN AND JOHN A. ANDERSON, 2007 Headache and Chronic Pain Syndromes: THE CASE-BASED GUIDE TO TARGETED ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT, DAWN A. MARCUS, 2007 Bone Densitometry in Growing Patients: GUIDELINES FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE, edited by AENOR J. SAWYER, LAURA K. BACHRACH, AND EL LEN B. UNG, 2007 The Handbook of Contraception: A GUIDE FOR PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT, edited by DONNA SHOUPE AND SIRI L. KIos, 2006 Obstetrics in Family Medicine: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, PAU YONS, 2006 Psychiatric Disorders in Pregnancy and the Postpartum: PRINCIPLES AND TREATMENT, edited by VICTORIA HENDRICK, 2006 Y L Disorders ofthe Respiratory Tract: COMMON CHAL LENGES IN PRIMARY CARE, edited by MATTHEW L. MIN7Z, 2006 Cardiology in Family Practice: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, STEVEN M. HOL LENBERG AND TRACY WAL KER, 2006 Bronchial Asthma: A GUIDE FOR PRACTICAL UNDERSTANDING AND TREATMENT, FIFTH EDITION, edited by M. ERIC GERSHWIN AND TIMOTH E. ALBERTSON, 2006 Dermatology Skills for Primary Care: AN IL USTRATED GUIDE, DANIEL J. TROZAK, DAN J. TENNENHOUSE, AND JOHN J. RUSSEL L, 2006 Thyroid Disease: A CASE-BASED AND PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR PRIMARY CARE, EMANUEL O. BRAMS, 2005 Type 2 Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome: THE PRIMARY CARE GUIDE TO DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT, RONALD A. CODARIO, 2005 Chronic Pain: A PRIMARY CARE GUIDE TO PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT, DAWN A. MARCUS, 2005 Bone Densitometry in Clinical Practice: ApPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION, SECOND EDITION, SYDNEY Lou BONNICK, 2004 Cancer Screening: A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR PH YSICIANS, edited by KHALID AZIZ AND GEORGE Y. Wu, 2001 Hypertension Medicine, edited by MICHAEL A. WEBER, 2001 Allergic Diseases: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT, SECOND EDITION, edited by PHIL LIEBERMAN AND JOHN A. ANDERSON, 2000 Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR THE PRACTICING PH YSICIAN, edited by CHARLES H. ADLER AND J. ERIC AH LSKOG, 2000

3 Women's Health in Clinical Practice A Handbook for Prilllary Care AmyL. Edited by Clouse, MD Family Medicine Residency Program Abington Memorial Hospital Abington, PA Katherine Sherifi MD Department ofmedicine Drexel University College ofmedicine Philadelphia, PA

4 2008 Humana Press Inc. 999 Riverview Drive, Suite 208 Totowa, New Jersey All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise without written permission from the Publisher. All papers, comments, opinions, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. Due diligence has been taken by the publishers, editors, and authors of this book to assure the accuracy of the information published and to describe generally accepted practices. The contributors herein have carefully checked to ensure that the drug selections and dosages set forth in this text are accurate and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. Notwithstanding, as new research, changes in government regulations, and knowledge from clinical experience relating to drug therapy and drug reactions constantly occurs, the reader is advised to check the product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug for any change in dosages or for additional warnings and contraindications. This is of utmost importance when the recom- mended drug herein is a new or infrequently used dmg. It is the responsibility of the treating physician to determine dosages and treatment strategies for individual patients. Further it is the responsibility ofthe health care provider to ascertain the Food and Drug Administration status of each drug or device used in their clinical practice. The publisher, editors, and authors are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from the application of the information presented in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents in this publication. This publication is printed on acid-free paper. e ANSI Z (American National Standards Institute) Permanence ofpaper for Printed Library Materials. Cover design by Karen Schulz Production Editor: Christina Thomas For additional copies, pricing for bulk purchases, and/or information about other Humana titles, contact Humana at the above address or at any of the following numbers: Tel.: ; Fax: ; orders@humanapr.com, or visit our Website: Photocopy Authorization Policy: Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Humana Press Inc., provided that the base fee of US $30.00 per copy is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license from the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged and is acceptable tohumana Press Inc. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: [ /08 $30). Printed in the United States of America eisbn: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Women's health in clinical practice: a handbook for primary care 1edited by Katherine Sherif, Amy L. Clouse. p. ; em. - (Current Clinical Practice) ISBN-I 3: (alk. paper) ISBN-IO: (alk. paper) I. Women's health services. 2. Women-Health and hygiene. 3. Primary care (Medicine) I. Sherif, Katherine. II. Clouse, Amy L. III. Series. [DNLM: 1. Women's Health. 2. Primary Health Care. WA 309 W ) RA W dc

5 Series Editor's Introduction As most young clinicians loosely observe, until some extraordinary attention is paid to the significant differences in health needs, interventions, and outcomes that occur between men and women, neither gender will receive optimal health care. That the needs of men and women differ has been clearly delineated over the last two decades. Whether it is as simple as the different benefitlrisk ratios incurred by men and women in the prescription of aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, the increasing proportion of women affected by hypertension, or the differences in screening protocols and outcomes for sexually transmitted diseases such as Chlamydia, the continued examination, delineation, and communication of the importance of appropriate approaches to gender-based risk assessment and treatment have become more and more apparent. Drs. Clouse and Sherif add to the existent literature on the subject by putting often difficult to find information in one easy-to-read, weliorganized textbook that can be embraced and used by primary care physicians in their practices. For this they deserve our thanks. Neil Skolnik, M.D. Professor offamily and CommunityMedicine Temple University School ofmedicine Associate Director ofthe Family Medicine Residency Program Abington Memorial Hospital v

6 Preface Traditionally, women's health has been synonymous with obstetrics and gynecology. With the exception of Family Medicine physicians who are trained in obstetric and gynecologic issues, most primary care physicians have received little training in reproductive health issues even though they care for women and girls. Furthermore, the concept of women's health has evolved beyond the reproductive organs. There has been growing recognition that sex differences do exist between the organ systems of women and men. Research about male and female physiologic differences has bolstered the growing body of knowledge about sex differences. This text is intended to present the most recent changes in this current research and provide the user with an easily accessible reference to common women's health issues. The topics in this text range from health problems that largely affect only women, like cervical cancer and breast disease, to health problems that present differently in women than in men, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Chapters on polycystic ovary syndrome and oral health issues address health problems that bring together multiple organ systems including reproductive, cardiovascular and dental health. There are also useful chapters not typically found in primary care texts like eating disorders, interpersonal violence and sexual health. Women's Health: A Handbookfor Primary Care is succinct and well organized. It contains easily understood, practical information for the most common health problems seen in women. Each of the 17 chapters, meticulously researched and referenced, has been written by experts in their respective fields. Women's Health is a valuable text for anyone who practices primary care medicine. AmyL. Katherine Clouse, MD Sherif, MD Vll

7 Contents Series Editor's Introduction Preface Color Plate Contributors v vii xi xiii 1. Contraception Lynda M. Bascelli 1 2. Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Harris B. Cohen Menopause Janice E. Nevin and Deborah Ehrenthal Osteoporosis Colleen Veloski Women and Coronary Heart Disease Susan Mather Sexual Problems Leonore Tiefer Irritable Bowel Syndrome Deborah M. Bethards and Ann Ouyang Urinary Incontinence Harriette M. Scarpero and Tamara G. Bavendam Diabetes in Women RonaldA. Codario Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Katherine Sherif Cervical Cancer Detection and Prevention AmyL. Clouse Breast Disorders Lori Jardines 213 ix

8 x Contents 13. Thyroid Disorders M. Hamed Farooqi and Serge A. Jabbour Women's Oral Health Issues Barbara J. Steinberg, Laura Minsk, Joan 1. Gluch and Susanne K. Giorgio Eating Disorders AmyL. Clouse Psychiatric Disorders in Women Brenda J. Butler Intimate Partner Violence Connie Mitchell and Deirdre Anglin 355 Index 385

9 Color Plate The following color illustrations are printed in the insert. Chapter 10 Fig. 1: Acanthosis nigricans on the neck. Fig. 2: Acanthosis nigricans of the axilla and elbow. Chapter 14 Fig. 1: Healthy and periodontal disease. Fig. 2: Mild pregnancy gingivitis. Fig. 3: Pregnancy granuloma. Fig. 4: Menopausal gingivostomatitis. xi

10 Contributors DEIRDRE ANGLIN, MD, MPH Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School ofmedicine, University ofsouthern California, Los Angeles, CA LYNDA M. BASCELLI, MD West Jersey-Memorial Family Practice Residency at Virtua, Voorhees, NJ TAMARA G. BAVENDAM, MD Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Exton, PA DEBORAH M. BETHARDS, MD Division ofgastroenterology, Milton S. Hershe.v Medical Center, Hershey, PA BRENDA BUTLER, MD Department ofpsychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA AMY L. CLOUSE, MD Family Medicine Residency Program, AbingtonMemorial Hospital, Abington, PA RONALD CODARIO, MD Department ofmedicine, University ofpennsylvania and Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA HARRIS B. COHEN, MD Hatboro Medical Associates, Hatboro PA DEBORAH EHRENTHAL, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE M. HAMED FAROOQI, MD FACE Joslin Diabetes Center, Mease Countryside Hospital, Safety Harbor, FL SUSANNE K. GIORGIO, RDH Private Practice, Elkins Park, PA JOAN 1. GLUCH, PhD Division of Pediatric and Community Oral Health, University ofpenns.vlvania School ofdental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA SERGE JABBOUR, MD Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA LORI JARDINES, MD Department ofsurgery, Albert Einstein Medical Center; Philadelphia, PA SUSAN MATHER, MD ~veth Pharmaceuticals, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA SHAHAB MINASSIAN, MD Department ofobstetrics & Gynecology, Drexel University College ofmedicine, Philadelphia, PA LAURA MINSK, DMD Department ofperiodontics, University ofpennsylvania School ofdental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA CONNIE MITCHELL, MD Consultant, Health and Forensic Care ofintimate Partner Violence, Los Angeles, CA JANICE E. NEVIN, MD, MPH Department offamily and CommunityMedicine, Christiana Care Health System,Wilmington, DE xiii

11 xiv Contributors ANN OUYANG, MD Division ofgastroenterology and Hepatology, Department ofmedicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA HARRIETTE M. SCARPERO, MD Department ofurologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN KATHERlNE SHERIF, MD Department ofmedicine, Drexel University College ofmedicine, Philadelphia, PA BARBARA STEINBERG, DDS Department ofsurgery, Drexel University College ofmedicine, Philadelphia, PA LEONORE TIEFER, PhD Department ofpsychiatry, NYU School ofmedicine, New York, NY COLLEEN VELOSKI, MD Division ofendocrinology and Metabolism, Temple University School ofmedicine, Philadelphia, PA