Survey on Gender Equality Kagera TAMP project

Transcription

1 Survey on Gender Equality Kagera TAMP project Based on a Questionnaire developed on the basis of the FAO Policy on gender equality for attaining Food Security Goals in Agriculture and Rural Development General Objective: The questionnaire was addressed to K-TAMP National Project Managers to help assess the contribution of the K-TAMP project to achieving FAO Gender Equality objectives for attaining Food Security Goals in Agriculture and Rural Development and identify additional activities to advance gender equality impact in the Kagera river basin. FAO Gender Equality Objectives The following objectives will guide FAO s work in advancing equality of voice, agency and access to resources and services between women and men. FAO will work with countries, other UN agencies, civil society organizations (CSOs) and bilateral and private sector partners to make progress towards achieving these objectives by 2025: 1. Women participate equally with men as decision-makers in rural institutions and in shaping laws, policies and programmes. 2. Women and men have equal access to and control over decent employment and income, land and other productive resources. 3. Women and men have equal access to goods and services for agricultural development, and to markets. 4. Women s work burden is reduced by 20 percent through improved technologies, services and infrastructure. 5. The share of total agricultural aid committed to projects related to women and gender equality is increased to 30 percent. For additional information refer to FAO policy on gender equality (available at: also in French Authors: The questionnaire was prepared by Sally Bunning, Senior Land Resources Officer, with support of Paolo Groppo, Land Governance & Gender Focal Point, and Iwona Piechowiak, Junior Natural Resources Officer, FAO Land and Water Division, on the basis of the FAO Policy on Gender equality for attaining Food Security Goals in Agriculture and Rural Development Contributors: The questionnaire was completed by: Salvator Ndabirorere, National Project Manager Kagera TAMP, Salvator.Ndabirorere@fao.org Emmanuel Muligirwa, National Project Manager Kagera TAMP, emmanuel.muligirwa@fao.org Fidelis Kaihura National Project Manager Kagera TAMP, Fidelis.Kaihura@fao.org Wilson Bamwerinde, National Project Manager Kagera TAMP, Wilson.Bamwerinde@fao.org The survey aimed to identify clear Gender Objectives for the project and its partners in country and in the region by selecting a few targets to be reached in the final year until the end of the project (May 2014 to June 2015) and for follow up by national institutions. Comments and suggestions for amending the questionnaire were invited with a view to its development for wider use for FAO and partner projects. Page 1 of 10

2 FAO Gender Objective No 1: Women participate equally with men as decision-makers in rural institutions and in shaping laws, policies and programs Yes Partly No Facts / Evidence Male: Female What more could be done? 1.1 The project has allowed women to participate equally with men as decision makers in institutions / mechanisms set up by the project (FFS, watershed committees, SC, TAC, etc.) Extend partnership with other stakeholders to 50: 50% men and women in institutions reach the same proportions in their activities / mechanisms of decision making Expand the project s activities on other Equal salaries for equal tasks for men catchments to create opportunities and women during all process. This Reinforce awareness raising for the local promotes autonomy for women and administration to encourage women to struggle raises their living standards. for decision making positions Farmer groups: 244 M: 308 F - 50:50 women and men involved in decision making at district (DEDs), DCs and gender biased appointment of NPSC chair & co-chair Projects should identify positions for women in projects implementation without fear if they are available Train to empower women as facilitators; 30:70% Male: Female Encourage women to take leadership roles in farmer cooperatives 1.2 The project has allowed women to participate equally with men in shaping laws, policies and programs related to SLM and recommended by the project Customary laws are a constraint to equality in decision making Where the plots belong to the government, women are equally allowed Where the land belongs to the families, women are subject to customary laws that leave last decisions on land to men Women s participation restrained by limited knowledge and comprehension of the implementation processes Selection of district subject matter specialists for natural resources, policy and livelihoods improvement with gender training and sensitivity Keep the 50/50 on government plots and encourage the same proportions on family land Advocate the implementation of inheritance law for women Train women on their rights and help them defend them Encourage female professional education to strengthen economic empowerment and independency To increase women s participation, comprehensive training should be given to the women Promotion of scholarships for short term training for females to ensure availability of competent women to contest for professional assignments Implementation of bye-laws is generally weak at 60:40% Male: Female local and national government level; increase advocacy targeted to men and women FAO Gender Objective No 2: Women and men have equal access to and control over decent employment and income, and land and other productive resources 2.1 The project has allowed women and men to gain equal/ improved access to and control over land and other productive resources through project activities. 50/50% of men and women have access and control over productive resources However, the project and its activities have no authority on influencing women s access to and control over land as this relates to customary laws Both M and F members of the farmer groups have equal access to inputs To encourage 50% men and women access to and control over land and productive resources in all activities and locations Advocate equal rights to land access and land registration for women Raising awareness on the women s and men s equal rights to access and control over land (land tenure) Page 2 of 10

3 Deliberate efforts made with success for women to decide on resources utilization at community level Access: 65%M:35%F Control: 80%M:20%F More efforts needed to ensure realised benefits are equitably shared between men and women unlike the current situation where most direct beneficiaries are men (sale of produce, income, etc). Women have equal access to land at the household level but 80% of the land is controlled by men. Empower women through savings and credit organisations (e.g. SACCOs) 2.2 The project has allowed women and men to gain equal/ improved access to decent employment and income 75% of female and 25% male: Maintain the high participation of women in Women are much involved in project different project activities activities and are thus generating income Diversify activities in order to allow women to through activities by the project access employment and income (remunerated employment) Efforts should be made to strengthen the capacities of farmers to commercialise their farms, transforming from small holders to agribusinesses. More women nominated by groups for leadership within and outside project activities Facilitate conducive conditions for women to command respect where men dominate SLM technologies have benefited women more 25% M:75% F Increase women s FFS facilitation/leadership role 2.3 Mechanisms are in place for that improved access to be sustained after project? FFS members and catchment committees can provide direction e.g. River bank stabilisation by bamboo can be sustained (control of bamboo from spreading by cutting and using ; planting of regrowth to extend), Activities can be multiplied like beekeeping, fish ponds (some activities may need credit/small grants). Organising the groups into cooperatives will ensure continuity and sustaining access to productive resources such as agricultural inputs. Sensitization conducted for more women involvement in public meetings related to rural development Enforce Micro catchment committees in place in collaboration with local administration Increase number of women in management of income generating activities Continue support for effective appropriation Ensure that the FFS groups are formed into cooperatives or entities with legal status that can access credit or loan facilities to increase and/or diversify as well as intensify production as a group. Continued sensitization with female biased assignments in communities Committees and SACCOs at community level; 50 M :50 F Collaboration and partnerships at local government and national level Increase advocacy for SLM/FFS delivery FAO Gender Objective No 3: Women and men have equal access to goods and services for agricultural development, and to markets 3.1 The project has allowed women and men to have equal access to goods (inputs) and services for agricultural development (extension, research, training etc.) 50/50% of women and men However, there are not many services for agricultural development Enforce training, Extend action area Promote research in agricultural field Page 3 of 10

4 Access to inputs, training and extension has favoured women due to their numbers i.e. 244 M: 308 F However women participation in training of trainers (ToTs) is still low due to their small numbers among FFS facilitators i.e. 10 M: 1 F farmer facilitator All trainings, community activities and inputs for technologies demonstrations were distributed observing gender balance 30% M : 70 %F 3.2 The project has allowed women and men to have equal access to markets 75% of women and 25% of men Production has increased (crop; livestock) and diversity and more produce is available for sale Women had more need for the goods and services therefore by making these universally accessible, women gained more; intensify training in FFS approach for SLM and agro-ecosystems analysis (AESA) Enforce and diversify crop production in specialised field (i.e. high value crops, like pineapple, potato) Develop agro industries for women Powerful markets with high price Facilitate establishment and strengthening of products still dominated by men gender biased/sensitive networks Train women in market requirements so they will 30% M :70 % F continue to meet the needs of the market 3.3 Mechanisms are in place for that improved access to be sustained after project? Some FFS are changing into cooperatives in which women will control the market. Enforcement of cooperative system and increase crop production Initiate products exchange system among FFS and different watersheds See answers 2.2 & 2.3 above Initiatives on-going to mainstream successful outputs into district work plans and budgets 50% M: 50 % F Link them with relevant stakeholders and strengthen cooperatives FAO Gender Objective No 4: Women s work burden is reduced by 20% through improved technologies, services and infrastructure (e.g. over the last 10 years) 4.1 The project has reduced women s burden through improved technologies, services and infrastructure during its life Improved stoves that reduced effort of searching for firewood reduced burden of obtaining energy Sustainable land management (SLM) capacity building include gender equality Revenue increase following the FFS approach and SLM technologies The implementation of SLM interventions involving infrastructure development and appropriate technologies has increased production and yields. This reduces the burden to women when the returns minimise the necessity to undertake other time-consuming income generation activities to supplement agriculture. Wider promotion of SLM technologies Promotion/ enforcement of women s access to income generated by SLM activities Capacity building on gender equality and create an exchange framework among FFS members and groups An integrated approach such as Sustainable Production Intensification (SPI) methods can be introduced so to get more from the same resources (limited size of plots of land) Page 4 of 10

5 Many introduced/ developed SLM technologies have reduced women s burden including: woodlots,., water sources rehabilitation, mulching, agroforestry, etc. 25% M : 75% F Kagera TAMP Project Gender Objectives A. The project team has contributed to generating and communicating sex-disaggregated data to substantiate the importance of closing the gender gap in order to meet project goals Sharing good practices in watersheds about gender equality Some improved FFS train others mainly by word of mouth way Some trained members in social animation exist in FFS and help others in acquiring in knowledge action area. Activities involving farmer groups are reported and their participation is disaggregated by sex, to gauge the level of participation of either sex. Decision makers and professional staff sensitization on including labour saving SLM technologies in action plans and activities Training and provision of seed and seedlings for women FAO Gender Objective No 5: The share of total agricultural aid committed to projects related to women and gender equality is increased to 30% 5.1 The project has increased the share of technical support provided to activities related to women and gender equality Insist on gender issues in capacity building on SLM Capacity building on improving income generating activities Several trainings have been conducted and women are the majority of the participants. The discussion sessions are an opportunity for them to contribute and share experiences that facilitate the participation and increased support Although the support is not gender specific the women are the majority beneficiaries. Community women through internal organizations have been trained in farming as a business, value addition, access to credit, services etc. 40%M : 60%F Introduction of new technologies relating to production improvement Extend activities to other areas Efforts should be made during activity formulation and planning to address and target women-specific support opportunities, through a participatory and consultative approach. Improve support for technologies that support women s production roles such as hand-driven tractors, animal traction and minimum tillage tools 5.2 The project has increased the share of financial support provided to activities related to women and gender equality Promotion of income generating activities. It is implied through the increased women participation in activities financed by the project, that the project has increased financial support to activities involving women. Most income generating activities as well as village savings and loan associations are dominated by women 50%M : 50 % F Initiation of woman micro-cooperatives for managing income generating activities Facilitate establishment of women networks for the products they produce Train more women in implementation of FFS methodology (dynamics, AESA, etc.) Initiate an information exchange framework for different FFS Informal education in order to report on and read about better practices regarding gender issues Page 5 of 10

6 For each and every project activity observation is made of the proportion of beneficiaries among men and women and corrections made where women appear to be underrepresented All quarterly reports have sex disaggregated data Need to establish acceptable participation proportions of men and women in different project activities Increase reporting at policy level; produce newsletters in local languages for community mobilization B. The project team has contributed to developing and sharing gender equality norms and standards for its activities with partners If a woman is a FFS chief, automatically a man becomes a vice chief and vice versa Women are encouraged to take part in organs of local administration in the local community Male domination tends to diminish and women are consulted more for family activities and gender violence has decreased (men hitting women etc.) During the group formulation the farmers are taught a series of cross-cutting issues and their role in rural development. Gender equality is one of the issues emphasised. Some service providers like VI Agroforestry are more gender sensitive and hence more helpful as service providers Workshops have been organised for both men and women in the communities Reinforcement of acquired experiences Strengthen the financial autonomy of women Advocacy for adoption of inheritance law for women Project team sensitized on women rights Initiate a leaflet to disseminate information on gender issues and better practices among partners Need to take on board more gender sensitive partners for collaboration Document and disseminate required norms and standards C. The project team has ensured that gender analysis is included in the formulation, execution and evaluation of its field activities If a woman is a FFS chairman, automatically a man become a vice chief and vice versa Promotion of democratic ways to increase women participation in all stages of the project implementation process Grant equal opportunities The characterisation studies conducted in the catchments included a socio-economic assessment of the communities, disaggregating the information generated according to gender The information formed the basis for prioritisation of interventions Not very seriously but always making sure there is acceptable representation All fieldwork including selection of facilitators for training and AESA has been based on careful gender considerations Exchange on specific analysis of gender issues before and in the formulation, execution and evaluation of activities Document more precisely guidelines on gender participation in field activities D. The project team has ensured that both rural women s and men s needs/ priorities are heard, documented and addressed in all the processes that it leads and supports All FFS comprise rural men and women and both their needs are documented and addressed All have been trained on group dynamics Training on peaceful conflict resolution This was done during the PRA conducted by service providers prior to implementation of the priority interventions (as recommended by the catchment characterisation reports). Capacity building in planning and financial accountancy Promote entrepreneurship Page 6 of 10

7 Ensured through community participation in development of action plans and activities Participatory planning needs more emphasis to ensure ownership of the project by communities Continuous review and assessment of interventions All catchment planning and priority setting has been participatory E. The project team is ensuring that none of their activities perpetuate gender inequality or worsen discrimination against women No activity or process perpetuates discrimination against women In all activities women are in the majority The activities are implemented under the guidance and conformity with the district development plans (DDP). Gender equality is mainstreamed in the DDPs. Women are often selected to be leaders for most groups and hence unlikely to perpetuate gender inequality All decisions in FFS/SLM are made in a participatory fashion The process of gender equality is at its beginning There is a need for improvement and further sensitization Identify gaps and opportunities to minimize discrimination against women F. The project team is working with partners to learn how its support for gender equality can be made more effective Regular collaboration with local administration Sharing data and results with local CBOs on gender equality improvement activities Plan together with partners to have more effective results Many other SLM partners are equally supportive of gender equality Project is working with grassroots CBOs, NGOs, Identify more partners at higher level Local Government and Central Government such as at national and cross-border level G. The project team has developed internal structures and systems that promote gender equality, and ensure equal participation of men and women in decision-making There is an equal distribution of posts of decision making among men and women In legal texts governing FFS explicitly include gender equality The participatory approach of implementing SLM, ensures the equal participation. Women are also part of the executive committees of the farmer groups The SLM-FFS groups advocate gender balance as well as equal opportunities to leadership in the group Committees have been put in place where women and men are equally represented to ensure FFS/ SLM delivery Advocacy for adaptation of these good practices by other partners Facilitate women empowerment to compete for development opportunities Improve training to increase confidence of women in leadership and management H. What share of the projects operational work and budget at the country level is estimated to be allocated to women-specific targeted interventions 1 1 Access to nutritious food; access to and control over land and other productive resources; strengthening women s organizations and networks; increasing women s participation & leadership in local institutions; incorporating women s knowledge of agriculture into programs and projects; ensuring the development of technologies and services that reduce women s work burden). Page 7 of 10

8 <10 % 10-29% > 30 % 0% Allocation of a share/percentage (±10%) of the budget to women targeted activities/interventions. This would contribute to increase women s participation and improve the existing situation Support advocacy and awareness raising on gender issues Efforts should be made during activity formulation and planning to identify women-specific targeted interventions, through a participatory and consultative approach. Land management is on the whole done by women and hence a greater bias of budget is allocated to women Women specific activities include: provision of improved cooking stoves (100%), water harvesting (60%), provision of seed and seedlings (70%) Identify more women-specific interventions; evaluate impact of interventions in place I. What share of the projects operational work and budget at the country level is estimated to be allocated to equally targeted interventions, male -female) <10 % 10-29% > 30 % The project interventions respect male and female participation In FFS activities men and women interventions are balanced in sharing of posts of responsibility There is no specific fund allocated for single sex interventions Increase equal distribution of roles in project interventions/activities other than FFS The involvement of the beneficiaries is all inclusive in the activity planning stage. The gender disaggregation is not deliberate, but varies from project site to site. Budgets sensitive to gender balance Need to sensitize decision makers to adhere to gender balance in projects implementation In provision of livestock (goats) and SLM technologies for improving production of banana plantations J. All project capacity development activities integrate gender issues as relevant In each activity, participants are selected with respect to gender balance Gender issues are integrated in all activities as relevant. Gender equality is among the themes included during the capacity building activities Women representation has always been crucial in all trainings, exchange visits, workshops and meetings. It has been a requirement during training of midlevel facilitators to invite equal numbers of women and men K. The results of capacity development activities are tracked annually by sex in the project Identify more women-specific interventions; evaluate impact of interventions in place Integrate specifically gender issues in training and capacity development activities Evaluate impact and improve methods Track annually and organise data according to sex and track evolution after capacity building development activities Page 8 of 10

9 Participation and involvement in capacity development activities is monitored and reported by sex. The list of participants always records gender participation All quarterly reports track gender composition and Improve monitoring and evaluation even performance after project completion and share findings with partners L. Specific funds are allocated to support gender equality in the project (staff/expertise; training, networking, monitoring, policy) The project should include a fund to expand the activities to gender equality advocacy and awareness raising Women participation in project activities is encouraged, especially during identification of priority activities to be undertaken. Many project activities are gender sensitive such that if no women volunteer they are sensitized to do so Women trainers and women facilitators are Increase proportion of funds for this specifically targeted for training component to accelerate the equality achievement among experts and policy advocates M. Knowledge on gender equality, especially FAO gender equality results, is systematically documented and publicly shared The project should have a systematic documentation of gender issues follow up and dissemination Creation of a leaflet Not really specific to FAO gender equality results Monitoring tools have been developed and disseminated but need to be used effectively by the FFSs Analyse data and share results with stakeholders N. The project is contributing to learning and sharing of best practices on gender equality with its male and female staff Gender equality issues are always discussed with FFS leaders to plan and target different sexes priorities Staff (male and females) are required to track and follow up to see if the needs of both sexes are satisfied Apart from guidelines on gender equality and ethical conduct sent from HQ, there has been no project specific activity involving its staff. Equal opportunities for participation in all project activities with some slight bias to women practiced. Still informally done through meetings and observation; no hard data has been compiled yet Generate reports with facts and figures O. The advocacy, awareness raising strategy and public information dissemination of the project incorporates gender equality Awareness raising activities are organised Trainings are organised that include gender issues Organisation of open days where women activities are promoted Include gender equality issues in these activities Page 9 of 10

10 Information dissemination emphasises the equal roles of both genders in SLM. The results of SLM interventions reported are equally attributed to both genders without specific mention of difference in capacities etc. Gender equality is a community and group members slogan especially in relation to leadership All public meetings have been at community level with men and women equally invited Document procedures and encourage partners P. Partnerships for advocacy, technical advice, capacity development, and monitoring and evaluation have been developed with gender experts, CSOs (rural women s organizations and networks), local authorities and private sector stakeholders at country and regional levels. A study has been conducted by a gender expert on natural resources management and conflict resolution. Women administrators regularly participate in trainings and support results in local government institutions This has not been done at country level. Translation of results from English to French and local language and dissemination District subject matter specialists in each district are a gender balanced team to plan and implement project work Tools have been developed and are in the process of being implemented Implement tools and identify options for improving advocacy. Additional comment provided by respondents: : The project interventions and activities on gender issues is very much without specifically targeting women activities and intervention, the sharing of activities and practices among men and women in FFS is very much advanced. It should be promoted to be used as examples among other partners. However, it should not be encouraged to create a specific budget share for specific women activities as the cultural setting always encourages the promotion of joint collaboration among men and women Still, the questionnaire is too much open for interpretation. Some answers may lead to contradiction to some constitutional or cultural nowadays situations. There are some issues and practices that the constitution and the culture have not fully integrated yet. : In rangelands/cattle-keeping areas, women s access, control and participation in the production processes is still very low compared to cultivator communities. Page 10 of 10