Index. B Brazil health decentralisation characteristics, primary health-care strategy, 53 stewardship, 40

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1 Index A Accountability, 70, 136, 139, Administrative decentralisation, 8 9 Allocative efficiency, 64 Argentina health reform studies, stewardship, B Brazil primary health-care strategy, 53 stewardship, 40 C Capacity development, 203 Child health indicators of life and development (CHILD), 118 Chile health reform studies, stewardship, 42 Clan governance mechanism, CLR. See Comparative literature review (CLR) COFESA. See Federal Health Council (COFESA) Colombia health reform studies, stewardship, Comparative literature review (CLR) ELTLG, EMAHS, 139 IAEE, IANHP, IEAHS, 141 IHSD, IITE, RQHS, 140 Compulsory Medical Plan (PMO), 39 Contracting. See Privatisation Core indicators for clarifying objectives, 119 logical framework, surrogate indicator, 117 D Data analysis and reporting exception reporting systems, exploratory data analysis, 122, 123 information feedback to data providers, information flows to decision-makers, Data overload, 114 Decenrtralised networks, Decentralised community-focused health planning spiral evaluation, implementation and monitoring, 101 option appraisal, priority, goal and objective setting, 100 programming, 101 situational analysis, 99 K. Regmi (ed.), Decentralizing Health Services: A Global Perspective, DOI / , Springer Science+Business Media New York

2 210 Index Decentralised governance, Decentralised planning process community engagement in, 96 community-focused health planning spiral evaluation, implementation and monitoring, 101 option appraisal, priority, goal and objective setting, 100 programming, 101 situational analysis, 99 decision-making, 94 functional integration, 95 intersectoral integration of, logical framework, operational planning, 95 planning toolkits, problem structuring approach mapping, ranking, 106, 107 purpose of, 94 stages, 95 strategic planning, 95 tactical planning, 95 temporal integration, 95 Decision-making-driven information systems data and information, data quality, 116 evidence and decisions, 115 health information system, 115 health management information system, Deconcentration, 8, 200 Delegation, 8, 200 Devolution, 200. See also Political decentralisation E EBR. See Evidence-based research (EBR) Efficiency vs. quality, ELTLG. See Empowering Lower Tiers of Local Governments (ELTLG) EMAHS. See Enhancing Mechanisms of Accountability in Health Systems (EMAHS) Empowering Lower Tiers of Local Governments (ELTLG), 130, Empowerment accreditation process, 156 vs. behaviour change, 153 community engagement, 155 concept of, 152 goal of, health professional role, 153 key points, local decision-making, 157 public organisations, 156 Scottish Health Council (SHC), 155 Enhancing Mechanisms of Accountability in Health Systems (EMAHS), 132, 139 Equity, 187 Evidence-based research (EBR) ELTLG, 130 EMAHS, 132 IAEE, 130 IANHP, 131 IEAHS, 133 IHSD, 131 IITE, 129 RQHS, 132 Exception reporting systems, Exploratory data analysis, 121, 122 F Federal Health Council (COFESA), Financial accountability, 139 Financing and service delivery Argentina, 39 Brazil, Chile, Colombia, 44 Mexico, 46 Fiscal decentralisation, 9 and alternative health-related outcome, 90 central intervention, 81 challenges and opportunities, empirical evidence, evolution of, fiscal dimension characterisation, Government Finance Statistics (GFS), 82 health-care spending, indicators, OECD classification, Stegarescu s indicator, 90 Fiscal federalism, 64 Functional integration, 95 G Gender analysis concept cardiovascular diseases, 185 case study, 186 drinking, 185 feminine and masculine traits, 184

3 Index 211 health inequities, masculine behaviour, 185 stereotyping, decentralised governance, gender equity and equality, 187 health inequalities social determinants of health, social exclusion and identity, 191 intersectionality theory, 192 life expectancy, Gender equity, 187 Gender stereotyping, GFS. See Government Finance Statistics (GFS) Globalisation, 172 Good governance, Governance, 20 Governance processes, Government Finance Statistics (GFS), H Health and Wellbeing Boards (HWBs), 150 Health care decentralisation case study Indonesia, Poland, 74 Spain, clan governance mechanism, efficiency vs. quality, fiscal federalism, 64 good governance, and governance, by hierarchy, by markets, networks, Health financing, 22 Health inequities, Health information system, 115 Health management information system, Health measurement data analysis and reporting exception reporting systems, exploratory data analysis, 122, 123 information feedback to data providers, information flows to decision-makers, data overload, 114 decision-making-driven information systems data and information, data quality, 116 evidence and decisions, 115 health information system, 115 health management information system, planning and management systems core indicators, logical framework, Health sector decentralisation in Argentina, in Brazil, in Chile, classification, 35 in Colombia, definition, 35 demographic and social indicators of Latin American countries, health process, studies on Argentina, Brazil, 53 Chile, Colombia, Mexico, international trends, 34 in Mexico, public health functions, infant and maternal mortality rates, main causes of death, 48, tuberculosis mortality rate, 48 vaccination, quality of health services, 36 strategies, 34 Health sector reforms, Health service decentralisation activities, 6, 12 benefits, 10 challenges, motives for, 4 need for, 2 3 opportunities, policies, 4 6 success factors, 11 typology of administrative form, 8 9 dimensions, 6 7 fiscal form, 9 political form, 7 8 Health system decentralisation aspects, challenges and global issues analysis, capacity development, 203 epidemiological and demographic changes, 202

4 212 Index Health system decentralisation (cont.) governance issues and accountability, national health insurance (NHI), in Pakistan, 205 policy and research needs, private sector, role of, 202 universal coverage, 201 characterisation of, 19 definition, 18 elements of, 21 ELTLG, 136 EMAHS, 139 European context, 23 functions and goals of, functions and impact of, 24 global cost, 29 health action, 133 health sector reform, IAEE, IANHP, IEAHS, 141 IHSD, IITE, impact of conceptual paradigms, 128 focus and scope of outcomes, importance of, 20 key actors and functions, 24 need for, reforms and, resource, 19 RQHS, 132, 140 technical strategies, 28 Health system performance, 164 Healthwatch, 151 Human resources for health (HRH), 22 I IAEE. See Increased Allocative Efficiency and Expenditure (IAEE) IANHP. See Increased Adoption of New Ways of Health Service Provision (IANHP) IEAHS. See Increase in Equity and Accessibility of Health Services (IEAHS) IHSD. See Innovation of Health Service Delivery (IHSD) IITE. See Improved Institutional and Technical Efficiency (IITE) Improved Institutional and Technical Efficiency (IITE), 129, Increased Adoption of New Ways of Health Service Provision (IANHP), 131, Increased Allocative Efficiency and Expenditure (IAEE), 130, Increase in Equity and Accessibility of Health Services (IEAHS), 133, Information and monitoring systems, 22 Innovation of Health Service Delivery (IHSD), 131, Intersectionality theory, 192 Intersectoral integration, J Joint health and wellbeing strategy (JHWS), 150 Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA), 150 L Latin American countries (LACs) decentralisation characteristics Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, demographic and social indicators, health expenditure, 38 health process, studies on Argentina, Brazil, 53 Chile, Colombia, Mexico, public health indicators infant and maternal mortality rates, main causes of death, 48, tuberculosis mortality rate, 48 vaccination, Leadership, 20 Life expectancy, Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT), Logical framework, M Mapping, Market mechanisms, 170

5 Index 213 Mexico health reform studies, stewardship, Ministry of Health and Social Assistance (MSAS), 38 N National Fund for Health Service (FONASA), 42 National health insurance (NHI), National Quality Assurance in Medical Care (PNGCAM), 39 New public management (NPM), O Obras Sociales (OS), 38, 39 Operational planning, 95 Option appraisal, P PCT. See Primary Care Trust (PCT) Performance accountability, 139 PFI. See Private Finance Initiative (PFI) Planning toolkits, PMO. See Compulsory Medical Plan (PMO) Political accountability, 139 Political decentralisation, 7 8 PPPs. See Public-private partnerships (PPPs) Primary Care Trust (PCT), Priority-setting, 100 Private Finance Initiative (PFI), Privatisation, 169 Problem structuring methods, Productive efficiency, 64 Public health functions, indicators infant and maternal mortality rates, main causes of death, 48, tuberculosis mortality rate, 48 vaccination, Public Health England (PHE), 150 Public health landscape austerity measures, 148 challenges in, changes in, Coalition Government, empowerment accreditation process, 156 vs. behaviour change, 153 community engagement, 155 concept of, 152 goal of, health professional role, 153 key points, local decision-making, 157 public organisations, 156 Scottish Health Council (SHC), 155 Health and Wellbeing Boards (HWBs), 150 local communities, , 155 meaning of public in, Public Health England (PHE), 150 Public private partnerships (PPPs) benefits in delivering health care services, 165 diversity within health systems, 166 economic activities, efficiency, 166 quality of services, 166 rationale for decentralisation, 165 concept of, drivers of, globalisation, 172 increased consumer expectations, 173 LIFT, meaning of, 162 NPM, PFI, preconditions for progress with, resource mobilisation, 171 risks cultural factor, financing health activities, 168 lacking of skills, privatisation, 169 service availability, 168 roles, 162 in sub-saharan Africa, technology and managerial changes, in UK health sectors, 175 Q Quasi-markets, 69, 70 R Raise of Quality of Health Services (RQHS), 132, 140 Ranking, 106, 107

6 214 Index Resource mobilisation, 171 RQHS. See Raise of Quality of Health Services (RQHS) S Scottish Health Council (SHC), 155 Service management, 22 Situational analysis, 99 Social determinants of health, Social exclusion, 191 Soufflé theory, 80 Stegarescu s indicator, 90 Stewardship Argentina, Brazil, 40 Chile, 42 Colombia, Mexico, Strategic planning, 95 Sub-Saharan Africa, Supply systems, 22 T Tactical planning, 95 Tuberculosis, 48 Typology of decentralisation administrative form, 8 9 dimensions, 6 7 fiscal form, 9 political form, 7 8 U UK health sectors, 175 Unified Health System (SUS), 39, 40 V Voluntary and Community Sectors (VCS), 150 W Whole systems approach, 97