Human Anatomy 8th edition Chapter 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Use the diagram below to answer the following questions. Figure 1.1 1) Which letter indicates the mental region? 1) 2) Which letter indicates the umbilical region? 2) 3) Which letter indicates the hallux? 3) 4) Which letter indicates the inguinal region? 4) cha1
5) Which letter indicates the femoral region? 5) Figure 1.2 Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 6) Which letter indicates the lumbar region? 6) 7) Which letter indicates the acromial region? 7) 8) Which letter indicates the scapular region? 8) 9) Which letter indicates the popliteal region? 9) 2
10) Which letter indicates the occipital region? 10) 11) The chest is to the abdomen. 11) 12) The sternal region is to the scapular region. 12) 13) The knee is to the foot. 13) 14) The brain is to the skull. 14) 15) The thumb is to the index finger. 15) 16) Muscles are to the skin. 16) 17) The axillary region is to the sternum. 17) 18) The lip is to the chin. 18) 19) The eye is to the occipital region. 19) 20) The acromial region is to the scapular region. 20) 21) The gluteal region is to the popliteal region. 21) 22) The femoral region is to the plantar region. 22) 23) The heart is to the sternum. 23) 24) The pubic area is to the gluteal region. 24) 25) The umbilical region is to the lumbar region. 25) 3
26) The smallest living unit is 26) A) a human being. B) an organ. C) a molecule. D) a cell. 27) Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? 27) A) developmental anatomy B) regional anatomy C) surface anatomy D) pathological anatomy 28) Which organ system includes the pancreas, thymus, testes, and pituitary gland? 28) A) endocrine B) lymphatic C) integumentary D) reproductive 29) A coronal section through the human body can 29) A) provide mirror right and left images. B) pass through both the nose and the occipital region. C) lie in a horizontal plane. D) pass through both ears. 30) During the process of, noncellular artifacts can be introduced into histology samples. 30) A) staining B) time C) photography D) observation 31) The cervical region is the 31) A) calf. B) thigh. C) neck. D) head. 32) The "CT" in "CT scanning" stands for 32) A) cut transversely. B) correlated thickness. C) Charles Thorgaard, the inventor's name. D) computed tomography. 33) What is the function of serous membranes? 33) A) They reduce friction so that viscera move freely. B) They halt the spread of infection. C) They contain gland cells that secrete mucus. D) They act like wrapping paper to hold visceral organs together. 34) The dorsal hollow nerve cord 34) A) is a primitive supporting rod. B) contains the notochord. C) is the same as the human backbone. D) develops into the brain and spinal cord. 35) The main purpose of fixation is 35) A) to stick tissue sections to a glass slide. B) to preserve the tissue. C) to make an organ easier to section. D) to mend breaks in tissue sections. 36) A histologist examines a specimen that has an epithelium overlying some smooth muscle. This specimen is part of A) a molecule. B) an organ. C) a cell. D) a tissue. 36) 37) An example of a tissue in the body is 37) A) a muscle cell. B) epithelium. C) the stomach. D) a macromolecule. 4
38) An example of an organ is 38) A) the intestine. B) a fat cell. C) the cardiovascular system (but not the circulatory system). D) epithelium. 39) Which organ system consists of vessels that do not carry blood, but pick up fluids (and some cells) that are leaked from the blood? A) integumentary B) lymphatic C) endocrine D) urinary 39) 40) Large molecules such as proteins are called 40) A) macromolecules. B) multi-atom units. C) cellular organelles. D) cells. 41) Which organ system covers the external surface of the body, but not the internal surface of the mouth? A) integumentary B) lymphatic C) cutaneous D) digestive 41) 42) Which organ system includes the spinal cord? 42) A) muscular B) integumentary C) nervous D) skeletal 43) The height of an average person's trunk, from neck to perineum, is about 43) A) 10 centimeters. B) 1 meter. C) 5 meters. D) 1000 µm. 44) Which statement concerning the anatomical position is FALSE? 44) A) The person is lying down, as straight as possible. B) The knees, elbow, and neck are straight (not bent). C) The toes point anteriorly, but the fingers point inferiorly. D) The palms face anteriorly. 45) Bilateral symmetry can apply to objects as well as to animal bodies. Which of the following capital letters of the alphabet is not bilaterally symmetrical? A) O B) M C) A D) L 45) 46) Which structure is not covered by visceral serosa? 46) A) uterus B) ribs C) stomach D) lungs 47) The femoral region is the 47) A) thigh. B) buttocks. C) hip. D) toes. 48) The inguinal region lies 48) A) where the thigh joins the trunk. B) anterior to the elbow joint. C) on the external genitals. D) on the anterior neck. 49) The perineal region is the 49) A) superior part of the gluteal region. B) point of the shoulder. C) side of the leg. D) region between the external genitals and the anus. 5
50) Which structure is not present in the mediastinum? 50) A) esophagus B) lung C) trachea D) heart 51) A frontal plane is the same as a plane. 51) A) midsagittal B) coronal C) sagittal D) transverse 52) Another name for the midsagittal plane is 52) A) parasagittal. B) coronal. C) oblique. D) median. 53) What point or structure in the body is located farthest laterally? (Hint: Questions always refer to the body in the anatomical position.) A) little toe B) the coxal region C) tip of thumb D) ear 53) 54) Although transmission electron microscopy is usually used for high-magnification viewing, it is certainly possible to use it at low magnification as well. That is, one can produce similar micrographs of tissues taken by light microscopy and electron microscopy at the same magnification. Even at the same magnification, however, you can easily tell the two kinds of micrographs apart. How? A) Tissue for electron microscopy cannot be sectioned. B) Tissue viewed by electron microscopy is colored, whereas light micrographs are always black and white (and shades of gray). C) The image in the electron micrograph is still sharper. D) Tissue for light microscopy cannot be fixed (no fixation). 54) 55) What is the main advantage of MRI as a medical imaging technique? 55) A) The patient feels less pain during the procedure than with any other imaging technique. B) It shows soft tissues very clearly. C) It is very inexpensive. D) It is safe. 56) The extremities are the same as 56) A) the limbs. B) the ears. C) the fingers and toes. D) all structures in the head. 57) Which of the following pairs of organs/structures is located ipsilateral? 57) A) cecum : sigmoid colon B) descending colon : spleen C) right lung : left lung D) mouth : navel 58) A physician viewing an injury to the back would look at the patient's side. 58) A) ventral B) lateral C) cranial D) posterior 59) The body cavity contains the brain. 59) A) serous B) lateral C) dorsal D) ventral 60) The roots of anatomical terminology lie mainly in 60) A) Russian and Old English. B) German and French. C) Esperanto. D) Latin and Greek. 6
61) The cavity contains the heart and lungs. 61) A) abdominopelvic B) thoracic C) dorsal D) lateral 62) Hormones are regulatory proteins that are secreted by the system. 62) A) lymphatic B) urinary C) integumentary D) endocrine 63) Which organ system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide, and contains many air tubes? A) respiratory B) circulatory C) urinary D) endocrine 63) 64) The elimination of nitrogenous wastes from body fluids is regulated by the system. 64) A) urinary B) lymphatic C) endocrine D) integumentary 65) Which structures are evidence of the vertebrate characteristic of segmentation? 65) A) subdivisions of the gastrointestinal tract B) multiple joints of fingers C) branches of the blood vessels D) vertebral column 66) Which statement about visceral serosa is false? 66) A) It is continuous with the membrane that covers the outer body wall. B) It lines the internal surface of hollow organs. C) It is deep to the parietal serosa. D) It clings to the surface of organs. 67) How many centimeters are there in a meter? 67) A) 100 B) 1,000,000 C) 10 D) 1,000 68) Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity? 68) A) heart B) urinary bladder C) liver D) spinal cord 69) The ankle lies to the thigh. 69) A) inferior B) lateral C) distal D) proximal 70) The axillary artery is found in the region of the 70) A) armpit. B) long axis of any limb. C) vertebral column. D) posterior surface of the knee. 71) As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to 71) A) part of the lower limb. B) the breast. C) the wrist. D) the infero-medial aspect of the back. 72) The buccal region is the 72) A) calf of the leg. B) underside of the foot. C) waist. D) cheeks. 73) The popliteal region is 73) A) in the cervical region. B) the side of the leg. C) the posterior surface of the knee. D) the inferior part of the gluteal region. 7
74) The coxal region is 74) A) the hip. B) the posterior surface of the wrist. C) the same as the inguinal region. D) the skin over the "tailbone." 75) Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant? 75) A) stomach B) spleen C) appendix D) gallbladder TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 76) Serous cavities include the pleural cavity. 76) 77) Serous cavities contain air. 77) 78) The peritoneal cavity is a serous cavity. 78) 79) EM has much greater resolution than LM. 79) 80) The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a vertebral cavity. 80) 81) Pathological anatomy deals with structural changes caused by disease. 81) 82) A CT scan produces an image of a transverse section of the body. 82) 83) MRI techniques can show only images that are hard and deflect the X-rays. 83) 84) Ultrasound techniques are used to image a fetus because they are less damaging than other techniques. 84) 85) Angiography imaging is used primarily in the study of blood supply to the heart wall and brain. 85) 86) Most adults are between 1.5 and 2 meters tall. 86) 87) All vertebrate embryos have a dorsal hollow nerve cord. 87) 88) A transverse plane could cut the head off the body! 88) 89) In anatomical position, the palms of the hands face medially toward the thighs. 89) 90) The mediastinum contains the trachea and lungs. 90) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 91) Describe the terms proximal and distal. 91) 92) Describe the location of the femoral region in relation to the crural region. 92) 93) Describe the location of the brachial region in relation to the pollex. 93) 8
94) In humans, what term is synonymous with posterior? 94) 95) Clinicians refer to anatomy when locating blood vessels to draw blood, feeling pulses, and avoiding nerves while giving injections. 95) 96) In humans, the region between the anus and the external genitals is the region. 96) 97) The olecranal region is posterior to what region? 97) 98) The head, neck, and trunk comprise the region. 98) 99) What is the anatomical term for the thumb? 99) 100) One could say that the forearm is to the brachial region. 100) 101) Cutting the body along the median plane produces a(n) section 101) 102) One could describe the scalp as being to the skull. 102) 103) A(n) plane separates the body into equal left and right halves. 103) 104) The measurement typically used for structures within a cell is the. 104) 105) The system is involved in immunity. 105) ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 106) Identify each of the systems that are found in the arm. 107) Which of the organ systems found in the arm are not found in the leg? 108) List the six unique features found in all vertebrates at some stage of their life. 109) In adult humans, what remnants of segmentation remain? 110) Select from the following techniques the best method for assessing brain function in a stroke patient: X-ray imaging, sonography, MRI. Explain why the other choices are not the best choice. 9
Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1 1) A 2) B 3) E 4) C 5) D 6) D 7) B 8) C 9) E 10) A 11) A 12) C 13) D 14) E 15) B 16) E 17) B 18) A 19) C 20) A 21) A 22) D 23) E 24) C 25) C 26) D 27) A 28) A 29) D 30) A 31) C 32) D 33) A 34) D 35) B 36) B 37) B 38) A 39) B 40) A 41) A 42) C 43) B 44) A 45) D 46) B 47) A 48) A 49) D 50) B 10
Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1 51) B 52) D 53) C 54) C 55) B 56) A 57) B 58) D 59) C 60) D 61) B 62) D 63) A 64) A 65) D 66) B 67) A 68) D 69) C 70) A 71) D 72) D 73) C 74) A 75) D 76) TRUE 77) FALSE 78) TRUE 79) TRUE 80) TRUE 81) TRUE 82) TRUE 83) FALSE 84) TRUE 85) TRUE 86) TRUE 87) TRUE 88) TRUE 89) FALSE 90) FALSE 91) Proximal means closer to the point of attachment to the main part of the body; distal is farther from the point of attachment. 92) The femoral region is proximal to the crural region. 93) The brachial region is proximal to the pollex. 94) dorsal 95) surface 96) perineal 97) antecubital 98) axial 99) pollex 11
Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1 100) distal 101) midsagittal 102) superficial 103) midsagittal (or median) 104) micrometer 105) lymphatic 106) The arm contains elements of the skeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, muscular, lymphatic, and integumentary systems. 107) None 108) Tube-within-a-tube body plan, bilateral symmetry, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord and vertebrae, segmentation, and pharyngeal pouches. 109) The ribs and the vertebrae, with their segmental spinal nerves, are remnants of segmentation. 110) MRI is the best method of assessing brain function. X-rays do not image soft tissues well or with high resolution. They also produce only two-dimensional images of a structure. Sonography cannot be used to study the brain because sound waves cannot pass through the body skull. 12