Homework Packet. The branch of biological science that studies and describes how body parts. The study of the shape and structure of body parts

Transcription

1 Anatomy & Physiology Chap. 1: The Human Body Name Block: P/W Homework Packet ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY DISTINCTIONS 1. Match the term on the right to the appropriate description on the left. Enter the correct letter or its corresponding term in the answer blanks. The branch of biological science that studies and describes how body parts work or function The study of the shape and structure of body parts The tendency of the body s systems to maintain a relatively constant or balanced internal environment A. Anatomy B. Homeostasis C. Metabolism D. Physiology The term that indicates all chemical reactions occurring in the body 2. Circle all the terms or phrases that correctly relate to the study of physiology. Use a highlighter to identify those terms or phrases that pertain to the study of anatomy. A. Measuring an organ s size, shape, and weight H. Dynamic B. Can be studied in dead specimens I. Dissection C. Often studied in living specimens J. Experimentation D. Chemistry principles K. Observation E. Measuring the acid content of the stomach L. Directional terms F. Principles of physics M. Static G. Observing a heart in action

2 LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION 3. Body structures are organized into successively larger and more complex structures. Fill in the answer blanks with the correct terms for these increasingly larger structures. Chemicals Organism TERMINOLOGY 4. Circle the term that does not belong in each of the following groupings. 1. Atom Cell Tissue Alive Organ 2. Brain Stomach Heart Liver Epithelium 3. Epithelium Heart Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue Connective tissue 4. Human Digestive System Horse Pine Tree Amoeba ORGAN SYSTEMS 5. Using p. 6-7 in your text, identify the organ systems to which the following organs or functions belong. Insert the correct letter and term in the answer blanks. A. Cardiovascular D. Integumentary G. Nervous J. Skeletal B. Digestive E. Lymphatic Immune H. Reproductive K. Urinary C. Endocrine F. Muscular I. Respiratory 1. Rids the body of nitrogen- containing wastes 2. Is affected by the removal of the thyroid gland 3. Provides support and levers on which the muscular system can act 4. Includes the heart 5. Protects underlying organs from drying out and mechanical damage 2

3 6. Protects the body; destroys bacteria and tumor cells 7. Breaks down foodstuffs into small particles that can be absorbed 8. Removes carbon dioxide from the blood 9. Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues 10. Moves the limbs; allows facial expression 11. Conserves body water or eliminates excesses 12. Provides for conception and childbearing 13. Controls the body with chemicals called hormones 14. Is damaged when you cut your finger or get severe sunburn 6. Using choices from Exercise 5, choose the organ system to which each of the following sets of organs belong. Enter the correct letter and term in the answer blanks 1. Blood vessels, heart 2. Pancreas, pituitary, adrenal glands 3. Kidney, bladder, ureters 4. Testis, vas deferens, urethra 5. Esophagus, large intestine, rectum 6. Breastbone, vertebral column, skull 7. Brain, nerves sensory receptors 3

4 THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY 7. Complete the following statements by choosing the correct anatomical term. Enter the appropriate letter and term in the answer blanks A. Anterior D. Inferior G. Posterior J. Superior B. Distal E. Lateral H. Proximal K. Transverse C. Frontal F. Medial I. Sagittal In the anatomical position, the face and palms are on the (1) body surface, the buttocks and shoulder blades are on the (2) body surface, and the top of the head is the most (3) part of the body. The ears are (4) to the shoulders and (5) to the nose. The heart is (6) to the spine and (7) to the lungs. The elbow is (8) to the fingers but (9) to the shoulder. In humans, the dorsal surface can also be called the (10) surface; however, in four- legged animals, the dorsal surface is the (11) surface. If an incision cuts the heart into right and left parts, the section is a (12) section, but if the heart is cut so that anterior and posterior parts result, the section is a (13) section. You are told to cut an animal along two planes so that the paired kidneys are observable in both sections. The two sections that meet this requirement are the (14) and the (15) sections

5 BODY CAVITIES 8. Identify the body cavities where the following body organs are located. A. Abdominopelvic B. Cranial C. Spinal D. Thoracic 1. Stomach 2. Small intestine 3. Large intestine 4. Spleen 5. Liver 6. Spinal cord 7. Bladder 8. Trachea 9. Lungs 10. Pituitary gland 11. Rectum 12. Ovaries ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY 9. Match each of the following directional terms with their definitions and examples. Write the correct answer in the blank being attentive, as always, to your spelling. Anterior ventral distal deep internal dorsal Inferior caudal lateral medial posterior dorsal Proximal superficial superior cranial 1. Toward the head end of the body 2. Away from the head end of the body 3. Toward the front 4. Toward the back 5. Away from the midline 6. Toward the surface of the body 7. Away from the surface of the body 8. Toward the structure s origin 9. Away from the structure s point of attachment to the trunk 10. The nose is to the mouth 5

6 11. The nose is to the eyes 12. The eyes are on the surface 13. The spinal cord is to the windpipe 13. The breastbone is to the shoulder 14. The ears are to the nose 15. A freckle on the skin is... to the muscle below 16. The lungs lie to the rib cage 17. The thigh is to the ankle 18. The thumb is to the wrist PRACTICE ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY 10. Use a human torso model, a skeleton, a body diagram or your own body to find the following structures and specify the relationship between them. 1. The wrist is to the hand. 2. The trachea (windpipe) is to the spine. 3. The brain is to the spinal cord. 4. The kidneys are to the liver. 5. The nose is to the cheekbones. 6. The mouth is to the nose. 7. The right ear is to the nose. 8. The chest is to the knees. 9. The large toe is to the small toe. 10. The hand is to the elbow. 11. The knee is to the ankle. 12. The spinal cord is to the lungs. 13. The shoulder is to the vertical midline. 6