Biology Core B Drugs revision 09/06/4 43 minutes 43 marks Page of 7
Q. Cannabis is an illegal drug. (a) What type of illness might be caused by smoking cannabis regularly? () (b) The graph shows the use of cannabis by 6 24 year olds in the UK between 996 and 2008. Year (i) Use the graph to predict the percentage of 6 24 year olds who will use cannabis in 204. Show your working on the graph. Percentage =... (2) Page 2 of 7
(ii) Illegal drugs are classified as Class A, Class B or Class C. Class C drugs are the least dangerous. In 2004, the government changed the classification of cannabis from Class B to Class C. In 2009, the government changed the classification of cannabis back from Class C to Class B. Do you think that changing the classification of cannabis back to a Class B drug will reduce the percentage of 6 24 year olds who use cannabis? Use evidence from the graph to explain your answer. (2) (Total 5 marks) Q2. Thalidomide is a drug that was developed in the 950s. In the 950s some pregnant women took thalidomide to prevent morning sickness during pregnancy. Today, thalidomide is not used to prevent morning sickness. (a) (i) Give one medical use of thalidomide, today. () Page 3 of 7
(ii) Today, before a woman is given thalidomide, she is checked to see if she is pregnant told to use two different methods of contraception at the same time. Give the reason why: the woman is checked to see if she is pregnant the woman is told to use two different methods of contraception at the same time (2) (b) The information is about two types of contraceptive pill used by women. Combined pill contains two hormones is taken for 2 days, then no pills are taken for 7 days > 99 % effective at preventing pregnancy increases chance of headaches increases chance of breast cancer decreases chance of cancer of the ovary Mini-pill contains one hormone must be taken at the same time every day < 99 % effective at preventing pregnancy increases chance of breast cancer (i) Which two hormones does the combined pill contain? Draw a ring around two answers. LH oestrogen progesterone FSH (2) (ii) Give two advantages of taking the combined pill and not the mini-pill. (2) Page 4 of 7
(iii) Give one advantage of taking the mini-pill and not the combined pill. () (Total 8 marks) Q3. Caffeine is a recreational drug found in drinks such as coffee and cola. (a) What is meant by a recreational drug? () (b) Scientists investigated the effect on the brain of drinking large amounts of caffeine. They chose students whose drinks contained caffeine equal to at least seven cups of instant coffee each day. The diagram compares the amount of caffeine in different drinks. Seven cups of instant coffee a day equals: (i) Seven cups of instant coffee contain 35 mg of caffeine. How much caffeine is there in one cup of instant coffee? Amount of caffeine... mg () Page 5 of 7
(ii) Which drink in the diagram contains the highest amount of caffeine? Tick ( ) one box. A cup of weak tea A cup of takeaway coffee A can of cola () (c) Caffeine may cause hallucinations. One example of a hallucination is hearing voices that are not there. The scientists found that students who drank more than seven cups of instant coffee per day were three times more likely to have hallucinations than students who drank one cup or less. Which is the best conclusion? Tick ( ) one box. Drinking caffeine causes hallucinations. It is dangerous to drink caffeine. There is a link between drinking caffeine and hallucinations. () (Total 4 marks) Q4. Many people use recreational drugs. (a) Some recreational drugs are addictive. (i) Give one example of a recreational drug that is very addictive. () Page 6 of 7
(ii) People may suffer withdrawal symptoms when they become addicted to drugs. How does the action of a drug make a person become addicted to it? () (b) Some doctors think that smoking cannabis causes depression. Doctors investigated the cannabis smoking habits of 500 young adults. The table shows the percentage of the cannabis smokers in the investigation who became depressed. How many times the men or women had smoked cannabis in the last 2 months Percentage of men whobecame depressed Percentage of women who became depressed Less than 5 times 9 6 More than 5 times, but less than once per week 0 7 4 times per week 2 3 Every day 5 68 From the data, give two conclusions that can be drawn about the relationship between cannabis and depression.... 2... (2) (Total 4 marks) Page 7 of 7
Q5. LDL is one form of cholesterol found in the blood. People with a high concentration of LDL in their blood may be treated with drugs called statins. A high concentration of LDL cholesterol in the blood may result in an increased risk of heart and circulatory diseases. The graph shows the effects of the treatment of one person with four different statins, A, B, C and D, over a period of 8 years. The arrows show when each new treatment was started. Each treatment was continued until the next treatment was started. Year Compare the effectiveness of the five treatments in reducing the risk of heart and circulatory diseases for this person..................................... (Total 4 marks) Page 8 of 7
Q6. Drugs must be trialled before the drugs can be used on patients. (a) (i) Before the clinical trials, drugs are tested in the laboratory. The laboratory trials are not trials on people. What is the drug tested on in these laboratory trials? () (ii) Drugs must be trialled before the drugs can be used on patients. Give three reasons why. (3) (b) Read the information about cholesterol and ways of treating high cholesterol levels. Diet and inherited factors affect the level of cholesterol in a person s blood. Too much cholesterol may cause deposits of fat to build up in blood vessels and reduce the flow of blood. This may cause the person to have a heart attack. Some drugs can lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood. The body needs cholesterol. Cells use cholesterol to make new cell membranes and some hormones. The liver makes cholesterol for the body. Some drugs can help people with high cholesterol levels. Statins block the enzyme in the liver that is used to produce cholesterol. People will normally have to take statins for the rest of their lives. Statins can lead to muscle damage and kidney problems. Using some statins for a long time has caused high numbers of deaths. Cholesterol blockers reduce the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine into the blood. Cholesterol blockers can sometimes cause problems if the person is using other drugs. Page 9 of 7
Evaluate the use of the two types of drug for a person with high cholesterol levels. (6) (Total 0 marks) Q7. The graph shows the number of people with measles in the UK between 940 and 200. Health Protection Agency Page 0 of 7
(a) Compare how effective introducing the measles vaccine was with introducing the MMR vaccine. Use data from the graph. (3) (b) The MMR vaccine was introduced in 988. Other than measles, which two diseases does the MMR vaccine protect against?... 2... (2) (c) To immunise someone against measles, a small quantity of the inactive measles pathogen is injected into the body. Describe what happens in the body after immunisation to stop a person catching measles in the future. (3) (Total 8 marks) Page of 7
M. (a) mental (illness) accept specific mental illnesses such as depression, paranoia schizophrenia or dementia allow brain damage do not accept cancer (b) (i) evidence on graph of attempt to continue line from 200 to 204 range at 204 from 3 to 6 inclusive (ii) 5 accept any value between 3 and 6 consistent with attempt at straight line if there is no line accept only 5 (ii) no because only award this mark if there is an attempt at an explanation changing to Class C did not affect trend OR trend / use already falling before the change OR use higher when class B [5] M2. (a) (i) any one from: ignore cancer / AIDS as a sleeping pill do not accept morning sickness treating leprosy (ii) thalidomide causes birth defects / abnormalities / described in this order ignore kill / harm / damage baby to be (more) sure of not getting pregnant allow to be certain there is no baby or in case one doesn t work (b) (i) oestrogen Page 2 of 7
progesterone (ii) any two from: reduce chances of ovarian cancer more effective (in preventing pregnancy) no pills (to remember) for 7 days (out of every 28) allow only taken for 2 days (out of 28) doesn't have to be taken at the same time every day 2 (iii) less chance of headaches ignore won't get headaches or less chance of forgetting allow lower dose of hormone allow fewer side effects ignore only contains one hormone [8] M3. (a) a drug taken for pleasure / fun allow not taken as medicine ignore recreational / legal / harmless / specific effects on body (b) (i) 45 (ii) a cup of takeaway coffee (c) There is a link between drinking caffeine and hallucinations. extra boxes ticked cancels the mark [4] M4. (a) (i) heroin / cocaine / nicotine accept tobacco ignore alcohol / cigarettes / cannabis / caffeine / coffee (ii) alters body chemistry / processes ignore withdrawal symptoms / craving ignore non-chemical effects on nervous system Page 3 of 7
(b) any two from: increase in cannabis smoking increases (%) depression greater effect in women ignore women become more depressed / men less depressed depression linked with / not directly caused by cannabis ignore cannabis causes depression not all cannabis smokers get depression 2 [4] M5. A + B most effective (treatment) ignore descriptions of LDL levels D is (the most) effective (treatment) D is the best single (treatment) neither A nor B (alone) are effective allow increase risk of heart disease instead of not effective can t tell if C is effective OR A + C is not effective [4] M6. (a) (i) any one from: cells tissues (live) animals / named allow mammals Page 4 of 7
(ii) any three from: (to test for) toxicity / check not poisonous / not harmful allow side-effect allow converse interaction with other drugs efficacy or to see if they work or check if they treat the disease allow converse dosage or how much is needed 3 (b) argued evaluation comparison can be written anywhere in evaluation allow use of only for implied comparison for each point eg only statins damage muscles / kidneys / organs any six from: statin can damage / muscles / kidneys / organs but cholesterol blockers don t ignore liver if neither of the first 2 points are given accept for mark statins can cause death but cholesterol blockers don t statins are more dangerous than cholesterol blockers or statins have more side effects cholesterol blockers can interfere with action of other drugs but statins don t statins are for a life time but cholesterol blockers are not statins (might) reduce cholesterol to zero but cholesterol blockers only reduce it or statins reduce cholesterol more allow statins (might) stop membrane / hormone production but cholesterol blockers don t statins better for people with inherited high cholesterol cholesterol blockers better for people with dietary cholesterol problems taking/using statins/cholesterol blockers is better than dying from heart attack or build up of fat in blood vessels or reduced blood flow 6 [0] Page 5 of 7
M7. (a) both lead to reduction / fall (in measles cases) can be implied measles vaccine caused a big drop or correct use of figures MMR wipes out measles or drops to (almost) zero or doesn t fall as much as measles vaccine or correct use of figures. (b) mump(s) rubella / german measles either order allow phonetic spelling (c) white blood cells allow lymphocytes / leucocytes ignore memory cells (wbc) produce antibodies ignore antitoxins / antigens / antibiotics / engulfing in future / if re-infected antibody production rapid / fast(er) / quick(er) allow ecf from antitoxins / antigens / antibiotics ignore engulfing ignore reference to specificity [8] Page 6 of 7
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