B1b Topics 3 and 4 Foundation and Higher Tier. Monday 5 March 2012 Morning Time: 20 minutes

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1 Surname Initial(s) Signature Paper Reference(s) Edexcel GSE Science (5006) iology (5026) 1b Topics 3 and 4 Foundation and Higher Tier Monday 5 March 2012 Morning Time: 20 minutes Materials required for examination Multiple hoice nswer Sheet H pencil, eraser and calculator Items included with question papers Nil Instructions to andidates Use an H pencil. o not open this booklet until you are told to do so. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Foundation tier candidates: answer questions Higher tier candidates: answer questions ll candidates are to answer questions efore the test begins: heck that the answer sheet is for the correct test and that it contains your candidate details. How to answer the test: For each question, choose the right answer,,, or and mark it in H pencil on the answer sheet. For example, the answer would be marked as shown. Mark only one answer for each question. If you change your mind about an answer, rub out the first mark thoroughly, then mark your new answer. o any necessary calculations and rough work in this booklet. You may use a calculator if you wish. You must not take this booklet or the answer sheet out of the examination room. Printer s Log. No. P40181 W850/R1535/ /1/1/1/ *P40181* Turn over This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Pearson Education Ltd copyright policy Pearson Education Ltd.

2 Questions 1 to 16 must be answered by Foundation tier candidates only. Higher tier candidates start at question 17. Use the information to answer questions 1 to 3. rugs The list below gives the names of different drugs that can affect the body. 1 alcohol 2 solvents 3 caffeine 4 paracetamol 1. Which drug is most likely to be used to relieve the pain of a headache? Which of the drugs are depressants? 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 4 3 and 4 3. Nicotine is a drug that has a similar effect on reaction time as drug Nicotine is a drug found in cigarette smoke. Which active ingredient of cigarette smoke can cause cancer? carbon monoxide tar carbon dioxide water vapour P

3 Use the diagram to answer questions 5, 6 and 7. Hormones iabetes is a condition where the body cannot control the level of glucose in the blood. The diagram shows how the level of glucose in the blood is regulated. high blood glucose insulin released by organ X organ X low blood glucose glucagon released by organ X organ Y takes in glucose from the blood organ Y releases glucose into the blood blood glucose level returns to normal 5. Name organ X. stomach pancreas liver brain P Turn over

4 6. Organ Y is a target organ for insulin and glucagon. Organ Y is the pancreas stomach liver brain 7. Which row of the table shows how insulin and glucagon affect blood sugar levels? insulin glucagon raises blood glucose levels raises blood glucose levels lowers blood glucose levels lowers blood glucose levels raises blood glucose levels lowers blood glucose levels lowers blood glucose levels raises blood glucose levels 8. Insulin and glucagon are chemical messengers that travel through the blood chemical messengers that travel along neurones electrical impulses that travel through the blood electrical impulses that travel along neurones P

5 The eye 9. The diagram shows a section through a human eye. 1 2 lens optic nerve Which row of the table identifies parts 1 and 2 of the eye? part 1 part 2 ciliary muscles pupil cornea iris iris cornea pupil ciliary muscles 10. The function of the lens is to focus light control the amount of light entering the eye produce electrical impulses pass electrical impulses to the iris 11. The optic nerve transmits electrical impulses to the brain along motor neurones from the spinal cord along motor neurones to the brain along sensory neurones from the spinal cord along sensory neurones 12. The pupil gets smaller in bright light. This response is known as the ducking reflex the iris reflex accommodation focusing P Turn over

6 The blood Use the information to answer questions 13, 14 and 15. Groups of people who have lived at high altitudes for many generations have adaptations to the low oxygen levels found at these high altitudes. The table shows the amount of different blood components of three people. number of cells per mm 3 person 1 person 2 person 3 platelets red blood cells white blood cells Person 3 lives at a high altitude. The evidence for this is that person 3 has more platelets than person 1 or person 2 fewer white blood cells than person 2 more red blood cells than person 1 or person 2 the same number of white blood cells as person Who is most likely to have blood that will not clot quickly? person 1 only person 2 only person 1 and person 2 person 1 and person Person 1 is suffering from tuberculosis (T). The evidence for this is that person 1 has more platelets than person 2 more red blood cells than person 2 or person 3 fewer platelets than person 3 more white blood cells than person 2 or person Which row of the table names the type of microorganism that causes T and how this microorganism is transmitted from person to person? type of microorganism method of transmission bacterium vehicle-borne virus vehicle-borne bacterium vector-borne virus vector-borne P

7 Higher tier candidates start at question 17 and answer questions 17 to 40. Questions 17 to 24 must be answered by all candidates: Foundation tier and Higher tier. lcohol abuse Use the information to answer questions 17 and 18. Susan had a glass of wine after work on her birthday with friends. She drank more wine later on in the evening with her family. The legal limit for driving in the UK is 80 mg per 100 cm 3 of blood. The graph shows the concentration of alcohol in Susan s blood as she celebrated her birthday. 240 blood alcohol concentration in mg / 100 cm 3 blood pm midnight 6am noon time of day 17. y how much did Susan s blood alcohol concentration rise above the legal limit? 135 mg per 100 cm mg per 100 cm mg per 100 cm mg per 100 cm 3 P Turn over

8 18. uring which time period would it be illegal for Susan to drive? 6pm to midnight 6.30pm to 3pm 10.15pm to 1am 10pm to 9am 19. It is illegal to drive whilst under the influence of alcohol because alcohol decreases reaction time increases reaction time is a stimulant is addictive 20. Which organs are most likely to be damaged by drinking too much alcohol over a long period of time? brain and lungs lungs and liver liver and brain brain and heart P

9 Use the diagram to answer questions 21 to 24. The diagram shows a reflex arc. Reflex actions Q P T S R 21. Which statement is correct for this reflex arc? P is a motor neurone and R is a motor neurone P is a sensory neurone and R is a relay neurone S is a sensory neurone and R is a relay neurone S is a relay neurone and R is a sensory neurone 22. The effector in this reflex arc is represented by P R S T 23. Q is the microscopic gap found between neurones. The gap is a synapse the spinal cord a receptor an effector P Turn over

10 24. Which row of the table shows how signals are transmitted along neurone P and across the microscopic gap Q? along neurone P by across gap Q by neurotransmitters electrical impulses electrical impulses electrical impulses electrical impulses neurotransmitters neurotransmitters neurotransmitters TOTL FOR FOUNTION TIER PPER: 24 MRKS Foundation tier candidates do not answer any more questions after question 24. P

11 Questions 25 to 40 must be answered by Higher tier candidates only. Foundation tier candidates do not answer questions 25 to 40. efence against disease 25. The graph shows how the immune system responds when microorganisms enter the body. 70 y-axis secondary immune response primary immune response time in weeks Which is the correct label for the y-axis? concentration of antibodies concentration of antigens concentration of pathogens concentration of white cells that ingest pathogens 26. The specific immune response relies on the action of white blood cells. This response is specific because each different antigen is activated by its own matching pathogen antigen has its own matching antibody antibody has its own matching white blood cell pathogen is activated by its own matching antibody P Turn over

12 27. The specific immune system works with the second line of defence to destroy pathogens that enter the body. Which of these statements describe the second line of defence? 1 white blood cells release chemicals which cause inflammation 2 lysozymes in tears destroy bacteria 1 only 2 only both 1 and 2 neither 1 nor Which of the following are physical barriers that help to prevent pathogens from entering the body? nasal hair and ciliated cells tears and white blood cells nasal hair and antibodies white blood cells and ciliated cells P

13 Fertility treatment Use the information to answer questions 29 and 30. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a treatment that can be given to women who have difficulties in becoming pregnant. The table gives information about the number of births as a result of IVF treatment. year number of total live IVF IVF patients single births sets of twins sets of triplets babies The data shows that the number of IVF patients has decreased in each two-year period since 1996 triplet births has decreased annually since 1996 triplet births in 2004 was half that in 2002 single and twin births was greatest in The most likely reason for the reduction in the number of sets of triplets over the eight-year period is due to a steady increase in the number of twin births a decrease in the number of patients receiving IVF improvements in IVF resulting in fewer embryos being implanted per patient an increase in the number of live births from 1998 to The first two stages of IVF treatment are shown below. 1 a woman is injected with a fertility hormone 2 eggs are collected from the ovaries What is the next stage in IVF treatment? the embryo is given an electric shock sperm are mixed with the eggs in vitro the embryo is inserted into the uterus sperm are mixed with the eggs in vivo P Turn over

14 32. Which hormone is used in IVF to promote egg development? oestrogen progesterone LH FSH rain disorders Stroke is the third most common cause of death in England and Wales. 33. Which row of the table shows the effect that a stroke is most likely to have on reaction time and the rate at which the brain processes information? reaction time rate at which the brain processes information decreases decreases increases decreases decreases increases increases increases 34. Which of these statements describe causes of stroke? 1 death of brain tissue due to blocked blood vessels 2 an increase in electrical activity in the brain causing jerky movements 3 damage to the brain caused by internal bleeding 1 only 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2 and Parkinson s disease can cause slowness in movement and speech impairment. These symptoms are caused by a reduction in synaptic transmission in the brain a reduction in blood flow to the brain an increase in motor neurone activity in the brain an increase in sensory neurone activity in the brain P

15 36. rugs, such as cannabinoids, affect the brain. Which of these statements about cannabinoids are correct? 1 cannabinoids provide pain relief by blocking receptors in the brain 2 cannabinoids are addictive as they increase communication across synapses 1 only 2 only both 1 and 2 neither 1 nor 2 ontraception 37. The contraceptive implant is a small tube containing progesterone inserted under the skin. Progesterone is slowly released into the body and helps to prevent pregnancy. How does the contraceptive implant containing high levels of progesterone work to help prevent pregnancy? it inhibits LH production which prevents eggs maturing it prevents ovulation and reduces the chance of implantation it thickens the uterus lining which prevents sperm reaching the egg it inhibits oestrogen production which prevents repair of the uterus lining 38. Which row of the table shows the effect of progesterone on FSH production and the uterus lining during pregnancy? FSH production causes uterus lining is stimulated to remain thickened is inhibited to break down is inhibited to remain thickened is stimulated to break down P Turn over

16 39. One role of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle is to stimulate the release of FSH cause breakdown of the uterus lining encourage a follicle to produce progesterone trigger the production of LH 40. LH is a hormone released by the pituitary gland during the menstrual cycle. Which of these statements about LH are correct? 1 the target organ for LH is the uterus 2 LH causes an egg to be released from an ovary 1 only 2 only both 1 and 2 neither 1 nor 2 TOTL FOR HIGHER TIER PPER: 24 MRKS EN P