/6/2 The Effect of Intermittent High- Intensity Training and Phytochemicals on Fitness, Body Composition, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Steve Boutcher PhD FACSM University of New South Wales Outline - Health improvements with interval - aerobic fitness - fat mass, visceral fat, and muscle mass - insulin resistance - Bioactive nutrients - green tea,, and fat oxidation - green tea and fat absorption - green tea,, and lipemia - water and fat oxidation Kid s obesity in the future Energy cost of consuming processed food Figure 2. Average increase in metabolic rate above basal metabolic rate for 6 hours after consuming a whole ( ) or processed ( ) cheese sandwich. Barr & Wright (2). Food & Nutr Research, DOI:.342. What is interval? - duration (6 seconds to minutes) - intensity (high to flat out) - modality (usually cycle) - 3 second Wingate, 4. min rest, 4-6 sprints - 2/4 min sprint, 3 min rest, 4 sprints - 8 second sprint, 2 second easy = 6 sprints
/6/2 Aerobic power increase (24%) in females after weeks Aerobic power increased (8%) in females after 2 weeks of, fish oil, and Mediterranean eating (FEM) 2.6 VO 2 (l. min - ) 2.4 2.2 2..8.6 Pretraining Posttraining HIIE Steady Oxygen uptake response of trained and untrained women after weeks of HIIE, 2 minutes each session, for three times per week Change in V 2peak (L/min) - - FEM Intervention Trapp, Chisholm, Freund, & Boutcher (28). International J Obesity, 32, 684-69. Dunn, Siu, Freund, & Boutcher. (24). Diab, Met Syn, Obesity, 7, 437-444. Aerobic power increase (%) in males after 2 weeks of Fat mass loss (2. kg) in females after weeks of 7 6 Exercise group group VO 2peak (ml.kg.min) 4 3 2 Heydari, Freund, & Boutcher (22). Journal of Obesity, ID 48467. Trapp, Chisholm, Freund, & Boutcher (28). International J Obesity, 32, 684-69. Fat mass loss (2.6 kg) in females after 2 weeks of, fish oil, and Med plan Fat mass loss (2. kg) in males after 2 weeks of 2 Fat mass change (kg) - -2-3 Exercise group group Dunn, Siu, Freund, & Boutcher. (24). Diab, Met Syn, Obesity, 7, 437-444. Heydari, Freund, & Boutcher (22). Journal of Obesity, ID 48467. 2
/6/2 Visceral fat decrease (7%) in males after 2 weeks of Visceral fat decrease in one male participant Visceral fat (g) 2 Pre Post 8 6 4 2 L2/L3 L4/L Heydari, Freund, & Boutcher (22). Journal of Obesity, ID 48467. Exercise/dieting and visceral fat reduction Waist circumference change after 6 and 2 weeks of Waist circumference change during 2 week HIIE 9 Waist Circumference (cm) 93 9 89 87 exercise group 8 Pre Week 3 Week 6 Week 9 Post Chaston and Dixon (28). Int J Obesity, 32, 69-628. Dunn, Siu, Freund, & Boutcher. (24). Diab, Met Syn, Obesity, 7, 437-444. Muscle mass increase (.2 kg) in males after 2 weeks of Fat free mass (kg) 3 2 2 Pre Post. kg.7 kg Arm Leg Trunk Diet, exercise, and muscle mass retention Intervention Weight loss %Muscle mass Muscle mass loss LCD. kg 27.8% 3. kg LCD+aerobic 2.4 kg 3.%. kg LCD+resistance 3.6 kg 6.6% 2. kg Intervention interval Weight loss %Muscle mass Muscle mass gain wks (females). kg 4.%.6 kg 2 wks (females) 2. kg 2.%. kg 2 wks (males). kg 8.%.2 kg Janssen & Ross (999). Int J Obesity, 23, 3-46. 2 Rice, Janssen, Hudson, & Ross. (999). Diabetes Care, 22, 684-69. 3 Janssen, Fortier, Hudson, & Ross. (22). Diabetes Care, 2, 43-438. Chaston et al. (27). Int J Obesity, 3, 743-7. 3% kcal Heydari, Freund, & Boutcher (22). Journal of Obesity, ID 48467. 3
/6/2 Insulin (34%) and IL-6 (38%) decrease in females after 6 and 2 weeks of, fish oil, and Med plan Insulin (34%) decrease in females after weeks of - interval -2 Change in Insulin (uiu/ml) -3-4 - -6-7 -8-9 Spin Steady -.2 Change in HOMA-IR -.4 -.6 -.8 - -.2 -.4 -.6 Spin Steady Dunn, Siu, Freund, & Boutcher. (24). Diab, Met Syn, Obesity, 7, 437-444. -.8 Trapp, Chisholm, Freund, & Boutcher (28). International J Obesity, 32, 684-69. Outline - Health improvements with interval - aerobic fitness - fat mass, visceral fat, and muscle mass - insulin resistance - Bioactive nutrients - green tea,, and fat oxidation - green tea and fat absorption - green tea,, and lipemia - water and fat oxidation Glucose suppresses fat lypolysis Horowitz et al. (997). Amer J Physiol, 273, E768-E77. Fat oxidation with green tea and interval in females Fat oxidation with green tea and interval in males.9.9..9 Green tea Placebo RQ.8.8.7 GT P Respitatory Quotient (RQ).9.8.8.7.7 Gahreman, Wang, Boutcher, & Boutcher (in press). Nutrients..7 Rest Exercise min post 3 min post 4 min post 6 min post Gahreman, Boutcher, Bustmante, & Boutcher ( in preparation). 4
/6/2 Norepinephrine (nmol. l - ) 4 3 3 2 2 Catecholamine response to interval 8.2 T 8.2 U 24.36 T 24.36 U Epinephrine (nmol. l - ).6.4.2..8.6.4 8.2 T 8.2 U 24.36 T 24.36 U The green tea mechanism - norepinephrine = fat oxidation - catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) = norepinephrine Pre-exercise Post exercise.2. preexercise post exercise - green tea COMT Trapp, Chisholm, & Boutcher ( 27). Amer J Physiol, 273, E768-E77. Aerobic exercise and lipemia Sprinting and lipemia in females Zhang et al. (27). J Appl Physiol, 3, 339-34. Tan, Chan, Boutcher, & Boutcher. (24). Inter J Sport Nut, Ex, & Met, 24, -8. Sprinting and lipemia in males Green tea and lipemia Chu, Boutcher, & Boutcher. (under review). Inter J of Sport Nut, Ex, & Met. Unno et al.(2). Brit J Nut, 93, 43-47.
/6/2 Green tea and fat absorption Water induced thermogenesis Hsu et al. (26). Euro J Clin Nut, 6, 33-336. Boschmann et al. (24). J Clin Endo & Met, 88(2), 6-69. The water mechanism? Boschmann et al. (24). J of Clin Endo & Met, 88(2), 6-69. Summary - Health improvements with interval - aerobic fitness - fat mass, visceral fat, and muscle mass - insulin resistance - Bioactive nutrients - green tea,, and fat oxidation - green tea,, and lipemia - water and fat oxidation 6