SCHOOL OF ANATOMICAL SCIENCES ANAT2020: HUMAN ANATOMY FOR MBBCH II, BHSc & BSc (Biomed Eng) TEST 3 AUGUST 2011 TOTAL TIME: 3 hrs TOTAL MARKS: 150 Instructions: 1. Answer all questions. 2. Write your Anatomy number on each answer book. 3. Relevant and correctly labelled diagrams may be used to enhance your answers 4. ONLY scripts written in blue or black ink will be marked. 5. Pencil may be used ONLY for drawings. SECTION A : MORPHOLOGICAL ANATOMY 90 MARKS i. Answer all Morphological Anatomy questions No 1-3 in the BLUE books and No 4-7 in the PINK books ii. Begin your answer to a question on a fresh page. SECTION B : HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 60 MARKS i. Answer all Histology and Embryology questions in the YELLOW book. ii. Begin your answer to a question on a fresh page. Page 1 of 6
SECTION A MORPHOLOGICAL ANATOMY 90 MARKS UPPER LIMB Question 1 a. Describe the consequence of injury to C5 and C6 spinal nerve roots (or the upper trunk of the brachial plexus)? b. Write concise notes on the factors stabilizing the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint. THORAX Question 2 a. Describe the surface markings of the pleura and the fissures of the right lung. [6 marks] b. What is the origin, course and branches of the left coronary artery? [4 marks] HEAD AND NECK Question 3 a. Describe the anatomy of the submandibular triangle of the neck under the following headings: boundaries, floor, and contents. b. Use the table below to list the extrinsic muscles of the tongue, their main actions (bilateral activity only) and their nerve supply. [6 marks] Muscle Main actions Nerve supply Page 2 of 6
c. Name the parts of the thyroid gland and their relations to the trachea and larynx. [2 marks] d. Describe the arterial blood supply to the thyroid gland, including the origins of the arteries and their areas of supply. [4 marks] NEUROANATOMY Question 4 a. Provide a well-labelled diagram of the arterial circle of Willis and give a clinical significance of this anastomosis. [3 marks] b. Describe the formation and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid. [4 marks] c. Use the table below to answer the question on the four cranial nerves with parasympathetic functions. Cranial Nerve Number CN III - CN VII - CN IX - CN X - Name of Cranial Nerve Nucleus of origin for parasympathetic fibres Foramen of exit from the skull Structures supplied with parasympathetic fibres ABDOMEN Question 5 a. Knowledge of oesophageal constrictions is important when passing instruments through the oesophagus into the stomach and viewing radiographs. What are the sites of the constrictions, what structures bring about these constrictions and at what distance can one expect to find these constrictions, from the incisor teeth? Page 3 of 6
b. Draw a labelled diagram illustrating the portal venous system. c. Write concise notes on the gall bladder. PELVIS AND PERINEUM Question 6 a. Describe the boundaries of the pelvic inlet (pelvic brim). [3 marks] b. List the posterior relations of the female urinary bladder. [2 marks] c. Write concise notes on the supports of the uterus. d. Describe the arterial blood supply to the rectum including their origins. [3 marks] Question 7 a. Briefly describe the location and contents of the deep perineal pouch in the females. b. List the contents of the pudendal canal. [2 marks] Page 4 of 6
SECTION B HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 60 MARKS Question 1 Describe the histological structure of the components of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus found in the cortex of the kidney. In your answer give the main function for each component. Question 2 Describe the histological structure and function of the lymph node filtration system. Question 3 One of the main functions of the small intestine is absorption. Give a detailed description of the structural specializations seen in this region of the GIT that aids in this function. Question 4 Describe in detail the process of intramembranous ossification. Question 5 a. Identify the cell types present in respiratory epithelium and give their main function. [4 marks] b. Identify the cell types present in olfactory epithelium and give their main function [4 marks] Question 6 Describe the embryonic development of the stomach. Page 5 of 6
Question 7 Describe the embryonic development of the floor of the telencephalon utilizing a well annotated diagram to show the structures which result. Question 8 a. Occasionally a high interventricular septal defect occurs in the pars membranacea of the heart. List the four components which may normally contribute to closure of the pars membranacea. [3 marks] b. Name the abnormality which results if interventricular septation does not occur. [1 mark] Page 6 of 6