Chapter 18 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS 1 Section 1: What Are Psychological Disorders? Section 2: Anxiety Disorders Section 3: Dissociative Disorders Section 4: Somatoform Disorders Section 5: Mood Disorders Section 6: Schizophrenia Section 7: Personality Disorders
Section 1: What Are Psychological Disorders? Question: What is the basis for classifying psychological disorders? 2
Section 1: What Are Psychological Disorders? Question: What is the basis for classifying psychological disorders? 3
Section 1: What Are Psychological Disorders? Question: What is the basis for classifying psychological disorders? 4
Section 2: Anxiety Disorders Question: What are anxiety disorders? ANXIETY DISORDERS Feeling anxious all or most of the time or having anxiety that is out of proportion to the situation provoking it Anxiety that interferes with effective living, the achievement of desired goals, life satisfaction, and emotional comfort 5
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Section 2: Anxiety Disorders Question: What are anxiety disorders? 7
Section 3: Dissociative Disorders Question: What are dissociative disorders? Characterized by a loss of contact with portions of consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in one s sense of self. They appear to be an attempt to overcome anxiety and stress by dissociating oneself from the core of one s personality and result in a loss of memory, identity or consciousness 8
Section 3: Dissociative Disorders Question: What are the four dissociative disorders? 9
Section 3: Dissociative Disorders Question: What are the four dissociative disorders? FOUR DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS (continued) 10
Section 4: Somatoform Disorders Question: How do the two most common somatoform disorders differ? 11
Section 5: Mood Disorders Question: How do psychologists attempt to explain mood disorders? PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF MOOD DISORDERS Some people are prone to depression because they suffered a real or imagined loss of a loved object or person in childhood Some believe that learned helplessness, lack of control over ones life, makes people prone to depression Others believe that some people are prone to depression because of their habitual style of explaining life events 12
Section 5: Mood Disorders Question: How do psychologists attempt to explain mood disorders? 13
Section 5: Mood Disorders Question: How do psychologists attempt to explain mood disorders? 14
Section 6: Schizophrenia Question: What is schizophrenia? 15
Section 6: Schizophrenia Question: What are the subtypes of schizophrenia? SUBTYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA Paranoid Schizophrenia delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations relating to a single theme Disorganized Schizophrenia incoherent in their thoughts and speech and disorganized in their behavior Catatonic Schizophrenia disturbance of movement, still to extreme excitement. 16
Section 6: Schizophrenia Question: What are the subtypes of schizophrenia? Undifferentiated: no one type dominates, 40% Residual: has had prior episode of schizophrenia but currently is not displaying major symptoms. 17
Section 7: Personality Disorders Question: How do personality disorders differ from other psychological disorders? PERSONALITY DISORDERS A personality disorder is part of an individual s makeup influencing virtually all behavior and thought Other psychological disorders tend to be discrete episodes of illness that can be distinguished from the individual s usual behavior 18
Section 7: Personality Disorders Question: How do personality disorders differ from other psychological disorders? Antisocial: no regard for moral/ethics, violates rights of others, manipulative, impulsive,lacks conscience or guilt. Ex. Iceman Narcissistic: exaggerated sense of self, fantasies of success. Lack empathy, expect special treatment. Paranoid: suspicion/mistrust of people, easily offended. Histrionic: overreacts in response to minor situations, vain shallow, dependent or manipulative. Avoidant: loner, oversensitive to rejection, low self esteem Schizotypal: strangeness in thinking, speech and behavior, cognitive and perceptual disturbances. Schizoid: discomfort from social relationships Borderline: instability in interpersonal relationships Dependent: submissive and clinging relationships, excessive need to be taken care of. Obsessive-Compulsive: orderliness, perfectionism and control 19