-Type of immunity that is more permanent (WBC can Remember).Get disease- Your body produces its own antibodies (killer T cells) to attack a particular pathogen 2.Vaccination- Injection containing a dead or weakened portion of the disease. Body will then produce antibodies and remember the pathogen if it tries to attack Ex: measles, mumps, influenza, polio
-Form of active immunity present at birth (may not Last forever) -Given from an outside source -Temporary Ex: Antibiotics- Medicine prescribed by a doctor to fight Pathogens **Antibiotics will fight bronchitis, strep throat, yeast Infections, urinary tract infections (bacterial infections) Why are antibodies (Active Immunity) better than Antibiotics (Passive Immunity)? -Antibiotics ONLY protect for a limited time period Temporary Antibodies are FOREVER
Over-activity of the Immune System -Body produces antibodies to fight an allergy, causing your cells to release HISTAMINES. Histamines are what cause the allergic reaction. (difficulty breathing, extra fluids, Inflammation of the nasal cavity) Treated with: ANTI-HISTAMINES Immune System attacks normal body tissue Ex: Lupus- Chronic auto-immune disease in which the Immune system turns against the body and harms healthy cells and tissues
Ex:.HIV- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Under-activity of the Immune System -Virus that destroys helper T-cells, slowing or stopping The immune system. Leads to the disease AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) -HIV is acquired through the exchange of body fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk) 2. SCIDS- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome -Person is born without an immune system. Life expectancy is short
What do people with AIDS usually die from? - opportunistic infections (Flu, cold, pneumonia) Why? -There immune system can no longer function -HIV is the virus that causes the disease AIDS -HIV symptoms can lay dormant in the body for Up to 0 years+ -HIV is most commonly passed on through sexual Intercourse, oral sex, sharing needles -Drugs can be used to slow down the progression of the Virus, NOT cure it. There is NO CURE!! -HIV is been traced back to the primate species in Africa and is believed to have been transferred to hunters
What is cancer? -abnormal rate of cell division (uncontrollable cell division) Tumor: A mass of cells. They can grow blood vessels And steal energy and nutrients from other tissue 2 Types of Tumors: Benign: Stops growing (good type/non-cancerous) Malignant- Continues to grow. Cells break away to other Areas and develop more tumors (cancerous) Metastasis- The spread of cancer
What causes cancer to develop?. Genetics (Breast, Lung) 2. Environmental Factors (UV rays of sun, radiation, Chemicals) 3.Harmful lifestyle- (smoking, unsafe sex, poor diet, Drugs, alcohol) What happens to cells that develop cancer? -Cells mutate (change) How can YOU reduce the risks of contracting a Disease? -Know your family history -Avoid smoking, drugs, drinking, unsafe sex, sharing needles, excessive sun exposure, contaminated foods
Age at diagnosis or death HIV by year of diagnosis 200 200 (%) AIDS by year of diagnosis 200 200 (%) All years All years (%) Deaths by year 200 200 (%) All years Under 3 66 0% 8 0% 9,089 % 7 0% 4,86 % 3-4 43 0% 66 0%,0 0% 4 0% 27 0% -9 20-24 2-29,22 3,90 4 4,64 All years (%) 3% 476 %,309 % 42 0%,06 0% 0% 2,00 4 2% 3,73 9 % 34,987 4% 7 % 8, 2% 8% 4, 9 2% 47 3% 43,7 8%
30-34,20 7 4%,63 3% 94, 29 20%,0 2 7% 94,26 0 8% 3-39 6,24 7 6% 7,86 7 8% 209,2 0 22% 2,2 9 3% 4,8 33 22% 40-44 6,20 6% 8,92 20% 6,4 97 7% 3,37 2% 0,4 20 9% 4-49 4,2 4 2% 6,9 3 6% 03,3 26 % 3,26 20% 69,83 2 3% 0-4 2,87 9 7% 4,27 7 0% 7,33 6 6% 2,63 6% 4,89 7 8% -9,8 4% 2,23 7 % 30,63 3%,2 9 9% 23,60 0 4% 60-64 799 2%,06 8 2% 6,6 2% 80 % 3,49 7 3% 6 or older 679 2% 894 2% 4,60 6 2% 808 % 3, 3% Total* 38,0 96 00 % 44, 98 00 % 96,6 66 00 % 6,3 6 00 % 30,7 6 00 %
People living with AIDS At the end of 200, the CDC estimates that 437,982 people were living with AIDS in the USA
The charts below show how adults and adolescents living with AIDS most likely became infected with HIV. Around 77% of adults and adolescents living with AIDS are men.
Estimated adult and adolescent AIDS diagnoses by exposure category (0 states and D.C.) Exposure category 200 diagnoses Cumulative diagnoses Male Fema le Total Male Femal e Total Male-to-male sexual contact 8,9 39-8,9 39 44, 06-44, 06 Injection drug use,80 6 3,79 8,98 68,6 9 73,3 242,0 06 Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use 2,9 0-2,9 0 66,08-66,08 High-risk heterosexual contact,20 8 8,278 3,4 86 6,9 4 02,9 36 64,8 0 Other/risk not identified 287 23 40 3,96 7 6,7 20,4 2 Total* 32,4 30,7 0 44, 40 764,7 63 82,8 22 947, 8
Estimated numbers of persons living with HIV (not AIDS) or with AIDS at the end of 200, and AIDS case rates, by USA area of residence Area of residence Living with HIV (not AIDS) Living with AIDS Alabama,273 3,73.4 Alaska 260 32 3.9 Arizona,92 4,733 0.8 Arkansas 2,290 2,030 8.7 California - 9,74.3 Colorado,774 3,894 7.7 Connecticut - 7,8 9.0 Delaware -,688 20.9 AIDS cases per 00,000 population in 200 District of Columbia - 9,794 28.4 Florida 33,90 4,246 27.9 Georgia - 6,8 2.7
Area of residence Living with HIV (not AIDS) Living with AIDS AIDS cases per 00,000 population in 200 Hawaii -,88 8. Idaho 346 282.7 Illinois - 6,06. Indiana 3,642 3,89 6. Iowa 48 89 3.2 Kansas,87,26 3.9 Kentucky - 2,479 6.2 Louisiana 7,334 7,808 2.2 Maine - 477.6 Maryland - 4,08 28. Massachusetts - 8,70 0.8 Michigan,89 6,247 8. Minnesota 3,07 2,77 4.4 Mississippi 4,249 3,9 3.2 Missouri 4,80,202 6.7 Montana - 8 2.
Area of residence Living with HIV (not AIDS) Living with AIDS AIDS cases per 00,000 population in 200 Nebraska 636 698 3.0 Nevada 3,292 2,840 2.3 New Hampshire - 64 2.6 New Jersey 4,82 7,739 4.7 New Mexico 869,2 7. New York 39,47 73,794 32.7 North Carolina,30 8,48 0.9 North Dakota 7 70.6 Ohio 7,982 7,38 6.8 Oklahoma 2,66,99 7.9 Oregon - 2,628 6.0 Pennsylvania - 6,929 2. Rhode Island -,248 8.3 South Carolina 6,384 6,483.7 South Dakota 83 24 2.4 Tennessee 6,37 6,33 4.
Area of residence Living with HIV (not AIDS) Living with AIDS AIDS cases per 00,000 population in 200 Texas 23,969 32,40 3.6 Utah 820,2 2.6 Vermont - 226.0 Virginia 9,280 8,094 8. Washington -,2 7.7 West Virginia 648 70 4. Wisconsin 2,24 2,060 2.2 Wyoming 90 88.2 Subtotal 24,733 42,90 3.7