Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acetabular fractures thromboembolic disease after, 341 Achilles tendon rupture ACL. See Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) described, 395 surgical treatment of complications after, 395 403 crankshaft phenomenon, 399 curve progression, 398 399 decompensation and sagittal deformity, 399 401 infection, 396 398 neurologic, 395 396 nonneurologic, 396 401 PJK, 401 pseudoarthrosis, 398 Aging balance and and TKA, 302 303 AIS. See Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) Ankle fractures Ankle surgery DVT in, 471 475 (See also Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), in foot and ankle surgery) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) retention, 306 Antibiotic(s) prophylactic in fracture fixation type and timing of, 358 359 in SSIs prevention after pediatric spine surgery, 390 Anticoagulant(s) for thromboembolic disease after orthopedic trauma, 337 complications of, 337 duration of, 337 341 timing of, 337 Arthritis posttraumatic distal radius fixation and, 421 Arthrofibrosis after periarticular fracture fixation, 345 355 basic science of, 346 introduction, 345 346 management of, 348 349 Orthop Clin N Am 47 (2016) 477 483 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-5898(15)00281-3 0030-5898/16/$ see front matter Ó 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. around elbow, 347 348 around knee, 349 353 around shoulder, 346 347 Arthroplasty knee proprioception and, 301 309 total (See Total knee arthroplasty (TKA)) total hip (See Total hip arthroplasty (THA)) unicompartmental, 306 B Balance aging and and TKA, 302 303 Biceps brachii anatomy related to, 435 distal attachment of ruptures of background of, 435 treatment of, 435 436 Bicruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA), 306 307 Bilateral disease development of SCFE management and, 409 410 Bisphosphonate(s) in atypical femoral fracture management, 371 Bone grafting for infection-related nonunion of femur and tibia, 368 370 C Carpal tunnel anatomy related to, 425 426 Carpal tunnel release (CTR) anatomy related to, 425 426 complications of, 425 433 evaluation of, 429 intraoperative, 426 427 introduction, 425 postoperative, 427 428 treatment failure, 428 429 treatment of, 429 431 outcomes-related, 431 432 introduction, 425 Carpal tunnel syndrome CTR for, 425 median neuropathy and orthopedic.theclinics.com
478 Index Carpal (continued ) distal radius fixation and, 418 419 prevalence of, 425 Chondrolysis SCFE management and, 407 Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) distal biceps repair and, 441 distal radius fixation and, 419 420 Crankshaft phenomenon after AIS surgical management, 399 CRPS. See Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) CTR. See Carpal tunnel release (CTR) Curve progression after AIS surgical management, 398 399 D Decompensation and sagittal deformity after AIS surgical management, 399 401 Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Achilles tendon rupture and, 474 in foot and ankle surgery, 471 475 ankle fractures, 474 discussion, 474 475 metatarsal fractures, 474 risk factors for, 472 tourniquets and, 472 473 trauma-related, 473 introduction, 471 Distal biceps repair anatomy related to, 435 complications of, 435 444 background of, 435 CRPS, 441 general, 436 437 HO, 440 LABC nerve related, 437 median nerve related, 438 439 posterior interosseous nerve related, 437 438 proximal radial fractures, 441 rerupture, 440 441 stiffness, 439 superficial radial nerve related, 438 technique-specific, 442 ulnar nerve related, 439 vascular injuries, 441 weakness, 439 440 wound, 441 442 Distal humerus fractures arthrofibrosis after, 347 Distal radius fixation background of, 415 416 complications of, 415 424 background of, 415 416 carpal tunnel syndrome and median neuropathy, 418 419 CRPS, 419 420 extensor tendon injury, 416 418 flexor tendon injury, 418 loss of reduction, 420 nonunion, 420 421 postoperative infection, 416 posttraumatic arthritis, 421 SRN palsy, 419 Dorsal bridge plating extensor tendon injury related to, 417 Dorsal plating extensor tendon injury related to, 417 DVT. See Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) E ECRB. See Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) ECRL. See Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) EDC. See Extensor digitorum communis (EDC) Elbow arthrofibrosis around, 347 348 Elbow fractures in children, 377 385 (See also Pediatric elbow fractures) Epicondylitis lateral (See Lateral epicondylitis) Extension instability after TKA, 313 315 Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) described, 445 Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) anatomy related to, 445 446 Extensor carpi ulnaris anatomy related to, 446 Extensor digiti minimi anatomy related to, 445 446 Extensor digitorum communis (EDC) anatomy related to, 445 446 Extensor tendon injury distal radius fixation and, 416 418 dorsal bridge plating, 417 dorsal plating, 417 nonoperative treatment, 417 418 percutaneous pinning and external fixation, 416 volar plating, 416 417 F Femoral exchange nailing in nonunion of femur and tibia management, 370 371 Femoral fractures atypical treatment of bisphosphonates in, 371 Femoral nonunion, 365 375. See also Nonunion, of femur and tibia
Index 479 Femoral shaft fractures treatment of, 370 Flatback deformity after AIS surgical management, 399 401 Flexion instability after TKA, 312 313 Flexor tendon injury distal radius fixation and, 418 Foot surgery DVT in, 471 475 (See also Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)) Fracture(s). See also specific types elbow in children, 377 385 (See also Pediatric elbow fractures) fixation of (See Fracture fixation) patterns of thromboembolic disease related to, 341 342 Fracture fixation infection effects on, 357 364 (See also Infection(s), impact on fracture fixation) prophylactic antibiotics in type and timing of, 358 359 G Genu recurvatum after TKA, 313 Growth arrest SCFE management and, 409 H Hallus valgus Heterotopic ossification (HO) distal biceps repair and, 440 HO. See Heterotopic ossification (HO) Hyperextension instability after TKA, 313 I Impingement SCFE, 407 408 Infection(s). See also specific types after AIS surgical management, 396 398 impact on fracture fixation, 357 364 host characteristics affecting risk of, 360 361 introduction, 357 358 management of surgical technique in, 362 prophylactic antibiotics for type and timing of, 358 359 rates of, 359 360 SSIs diagnosis of, 361 362 perioperative contributions to, 360 postoperative distal radius fixation and, 416 surgical site (See Surgical site infections (SSIs)) Inferior vena cava filters for thromboembolic disease after orthopedic trauma, 341 Instability after TKA, 311 316 (See also Total knee arthroplasty (TKA), instability after) K Knee(s) arthrofibrosis around, 349 353 management of continuous passive motion in, 352 353 manipulation under anesthesia in, 352 open surgical debridement and judet quadricepsplasty in, 353 range of motion evaluation for, 350 351 supracondylar femur fractures and, 351 352 tibial plateau fractures and, 352 fractures below thromboembolic disease after, 341 342 Knee arthroplasty proprioception and, 301 309 types of, 306 307 L LABC nerve. See Lateral antebrachial cutaneous (LABC) nerve Lateral antebrachial cutaneous (LABC) nerve distal biceps repair and, 437 Lateral condyle fractures in children complications of, 379 380 Lateral epicondylar release anatomy related to, 445 447 complications of, 445 469 anatomy related to, 445 447 introduction, 445 introduction, 445 lateral epicondylitis in, 447 465 (See also Lateral epicondylitis, in lateral epicondylar release) Lateral epicondylitis in lateral epicondylar release discussion, 462 465 methods for, 448 449 procedures for, 447 448 results of, 449 462 M Malunion of lateral condyle fractures in children, 379 380
480 Index Malunion (continued) of supracondylar humerus fractures in children, 377 379 Mechanoreceptor(s) proprioceptive defined, 302 role of, 301 Medial epicondyle fractures in children complications of, 380 381 Median nerve distal biceps repair and, 438 439 Median neuropathy carpal tunnel syndrome and distal radius fixation and, 418 419 Medication(s) as risk factor for nonunion of femur and tibia, 367 Metatarsal fractures N Neuropathic pain, 318 Neuropathy(ies) median carpal tunnel syndrome and distal radius fixation and, 418 419 Nociceptive pain, 317 318 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) nonunion of femur and tibian related to, 367 Nonunion defined, 365 366 distal radius fixation and, 420 421 of femur and tibia, 365 375 classification of, 366 demographics and economic impact of, 365 infected treatment of, 368 370 risk factors for, 366 367 treatment of, 367 371 atypical femoral fractures and bisphosphonates, 371 femoral exchange nailing in, 370 371 femoral shaft fractures, 370 infection-related, 368 370 nonsurgical methods in, 367 PCR related, 368 plating/bone grafting over nail in, 371 preoperative assessment in, 367 368 tibial shaft fractures, 370 of lateral condyle fractures in children, 379 380 of medial epicondyle fractures in children, 380 381 NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) O Olecranon fractures arthrofibrosis after, 348 Orthopedic trauma thromboembolic disease after, 335 344 (See also Thromboembolic disease, after orthopedic trauma) Osteoarthritis proprioception and and TKA, 303 304 Osteonecrosis SCFE management and, 406 407 P Pain defined, 317 mechanism of, 317 318 neuropathic, 318 nociceptive, 317 318 Palsy SRN distal radius fixation and, 419 Patellar tendon proprioceptive role of, 302 PCL. See Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Pediatric elbow fractures complications of, 377 385 introduction, 377 lateral condyle fractures, 379 380 medial epicondyle fractures, 380 381 missed injuries and delayed diagnosis, 381 383 stiffness, 381 supracondylar humerus fractures, 377 379 introduction, 377 Pediatric spine surgery SSIs after, 387 394 (See also Surgical site infections (SSIs), after pediatric spine surgery) Pelvic fractures thromboembolic disease after, 341 Percutaneous pinning and external fixation extensor tendon injury related to, 416 Periarticular fracture fixation arthrofibrosis after, 345 355 (See also Arthrofibrosis, after periarticular fracture fixation) Physical therapy for proprioception maintenance after TKA, 304 305 PJK. See Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) Plating/bone grafting over nail in nonunion of femur and tibia management, 371
Index 481 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nonunion of femur and tibia and management of, 368 Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) proprioceptive role of, 302 Posterior interosseous nerve distal biceps repair and, 437 438 Posttraumatic arthritis distal radius fixation and, 421 Proprioception after TKA maintaining strategies for, 304 306 basic science of, 301 302 defined, 301 knee arthroplasty and, 301 309 osteoarthritis and TKA and, 303 304 of patellar tendon, 302 of PCL, 302 of quadriceps, 302 TKA and, 304 Proprioceptive mechanoreceptors described, 302 role of, 301 Proximal humerus fractures arthrofibrosis after, 346 347 Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) after AIS surgical management, 401 Proximal radial fractures distal biceps repair and, 441 Pseudoarthrosis after AIS surgical management, 398 Q Quadriceps proprioceptive role of, 302 R Radiographic union score for tibia (RUST) fractures, 365 366 Reduction loss of distal radius fixation and, 420 Rerupture distal biceps repair and, 440 441 RUST fractures. See Radiographic union score for tibia (RUST) fractures S Sagittal deformity after AIS surgical management, 399 401 SCFE. See Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) Scoliosis adolescent idiopathic (See Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)) Shoulder arthrofibrosis around, 346 347 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) introduction, 405 406 treatment of complications related to, 405 413 bilateral disease development, 409 410 chondrolysis, 407 fixation failure and slip progression, 408 409 growth arrest, 409 impingement, 407 408 introduction, 405 406 osteonecrosis, 406 407 Smoking as risk factor for nonunion of femur and tibia, 367 Spine surgery pediatric SSIs after, 387 394 (See also Surgical site infections (SSIs), after pediatric spine surgery) SRN palsy. See Superficial radial nerve (SRN) palsy SSIs. See Surgical site infections (SSIs) Stiffness distal biceps repair and, 439 Superficial radial nerve (SRN) distal biceps repair and, 438 Superficial radial nerve (SRN) palsy distal radius fixation and, 419 Supracondular femur fractures arthrofibrosis after, 351 352 Supracondylar humerus fractures in children complications of, 377 379 Surgical factors in proprioception maintenance after TKA, 305 306 Surgical site infections (SSIs) after pediatric spine surgery, 387 394 causes of, 391 delayed infection, 391 diagnosis of, 390 391 incidence of, 387 388 introduction, 387 prevention of, 388 390 risk factors for, 388 treatment of, 391 392 diagnosis of, 361 362 implication in patient outcomes, 362 perioperative contributions to, 360
482 Index T Tennis elbow complications of, 445 469 (See also Lateral epicondylar release) Teriparatide in nonunion of femur and tibia management, 367 THA. See Total hip arthroplasty (THA) Thromboembolic disease after orthopedic trauma, 335 344 anticoagulants for, 337 (See also Anticoagulant(s)) epidemiology of, 336 fractures patterns, 341 342 health policy and economic considerations, 342 risk factors for, 336 thromboprophylaxis for, 336 341 Thromboembolism venous (See Venous thromboembolism (VTE)) Tibial nonunion, 365 375. See also Nonunion, of femur and tibia Tibial plateau fractures arthrofibrosis after, 352 Tibial shaft fractures treatment of, 370 TKA. See Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) Total hip arthroplasty (THA) background of, 327 dislocation after patients at risk for, 328 instability after avoidance of, 327 334 clinical workup for, 331 332 evaluation for, 328 physical examination findings, 328 management of restoration in, 331 limb length discrepancy after avoidance of, 327 334 evaluation for, 328 limb length assessment in, 328 physical examination findings, 328 preoperative templating and radiographic measurements in, 328 330 management of, 332 333 implant design in, 331 intraoperative assessment in, 330 331 surgical technique in, 330 patients at risk for, 328 Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) balance, aging, and, 302 303 bicruciate-retaining, 306 307 instability after, 311 316 evaluation of, 311 312 extension, 313 315 flexion, 312 313 genu recurvatum, 313 imaging analysis of, 312 introduction, 311 painful, 317 326 differential diagnosis of, 319 evaluation of, 318 324 diagnostic injections in, 324 imaging in, 321 322 laboratory analysis in, 322 323 patient history in, 319 320 physical examination in, 320 321 management of, 324 proprioception and, 304 and osteoarthritis, 303 304 success rates with, 317 Tourniquet(s) DVT in foot and ankle surgery related to, 472 473 Trauma coagulation and basic science and physiology of, 335 DVT in foot and ankle surgery related to, 473 orthopedic thromboembolic disease after, 335 344 (See also Thromboembolic disease, after orthopedic trauma) Triad injury terrible arthrofibrosis after, 347 U Ulnar nerve distal biceps repair and, 439 Unicompartmental arthroplasty, 306 Upper extremity fractures thromboembolic disease after, 342 V Vancomycin powder in SSIs prevention after pediatric spine surgery, 390 Vascular injuries distal biceps repair and, 441 Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in foot and ankle surgery prevention of, 471 472 risk factors for, 472
Index 483 in trauma epidemiology of, 335 336 physiology of, 335 336 Volar plating extensor tendon injury related to, 416 417 VTE. See Venous thromboembolism (VTE) W Weakness distal biceps repair and, 439 440 Wound(s) complications of distal biceps repair related, 441 442