Desert Mountain Poa annua Spring Transition Management on Putting Greens Fred Yelverton, PhD Professor N. C. State University

Desert Mountain Poa annua Spring Transition Management on Putting Greens Fred Yelverton, PhD Professor N. C. State University

Issues How much growth does bermuda need to maintain health? Can you transition in the spring without herbicides? What is the best herbicide to use? What are the hazards of herbicide use?

How Much Growth Does Bermuda Need (w/o rye competition) About 100 days Anything less will lead to a gradual decline in bermuda over time.

Fairways ryegrass was removed in late June, Rough died in late August

How Much Growth Does Bermuda Need (w/o rye competition) Trend to hold perennial ryegrass in too long in spring and overseed too early in fall

Desert Mountain November Visit Perennial Ryegrass Concerns on Geronimo, Chiricahua, and Apache Good ryegrass establishment followed by an apparent decline of ryegrass??? What happened???

Desert Mountain November Visit Common issue on these 3 courses September 15 seeding date (premature) Is the ryegrass dying or is the bermudagrass recovering and out-competing the ryegrass?

Desert Mountain November Visit Weather Conditions at DM 2002 vs 2003 (mean daily high and low temperatures) October 2002: 77.8 high 57 low October 2003: 88.1 high 65 low difference +10.3 o +8 o

Desert Mountain November Visit Weather Conditions at DM 2002 vs 2003 (mean daily high and low temperatures) November 1-10 2002: 73 high 53 low November 1-10 2003: 69 high 49 low difference -4 o -4 o

Desert Mountain November Visit Bermuda was outcompeting rye in October. Most of the ryegrass is still there (but weakened) Due to extraordinary high temps in October followed by rapid drop in November. Early seeding dates (early to mid-sept) are more risky in general and were the only ones adversely affected at DM in 03. Lack of sunlight in November is also having an adverse effect.

Desert Mountain November Visit Other factors: Small seed size poor seedling vigor Barricade lack of root system on seedlings (on Geronimo only) Higher than normal traffic (esp. Apache)

Can You Transition Perennial Ryegrass Out (on time) Without Herbicides? Depends on where you are Florida/South TX yes Arizona - no

Picture taken Sept. 03. Perennial ryegrass was chemically removed from fairways but not roughs

What Is The Best Herbicide To Use? Kerb Manor or Blade Revolver Monument Tranxit

What Are The Issues With Herbicde Use? Costs: ranges from $40-$100/acre How fast do you want to kill it? Dead and dying ryegrass is not pretty Herbicides are mobile

What Is The Best Herbicide To Use? All five are effective in removing ryegrass (some also kill Poa annua) The speed that they remove ryegrass differs

Speed Of Kill with Transition Herbicides Revolver = Monument = Tranxit are faster than Manor which is faster than Kerb.

Speed Of Kill with Transition Herbicides Revolver, Monument, Tranxit 10-14 days Manor or Blade 14-21 days Kerb 21-28 days

7 days after 0.5 oz/a of Manor

Revolver Sulfonylurea developed by Bayer Use rate (L): 0.2 to 0.6 fl oz prod / M Registered early 2003 Phytotoxic to cool season turf species Good tolerance to most warm season turf species Labeled for bermudagrass greens

Turfgrass Tolerance to Revolver Common bermudagrass Tifsport bermudagrass Tifway bermudagrass Highly Tolerant El Toro zoysiagrass Raleigh St. Augustinegrass Moderately Common centipedegrass Susceptible

Revolver phytotoxicity on Greg Norman (GN1) 360 USA01435-JLC01H17 UTC

Monument Active ingredient: trifloxysulfuron Sulfonylurea developed by Syngenta 75WG formulation Caution signal word

Monument 75 WG Sulfonylurea developed by Syngenta Use rate (WG): 0.3 0.56 oz prod / acre Registered Fall 2003 Good tolerance level to certain warm season turf species including bermudagrass and zoysiagrass

Monument Currently labeled for bermudagrass, zoysiagrass grown on golf courses, sod farms, athletic fields, and other non-crop areas including airports and cemetaries Applications include: POST control of many perennial and annual grasses, sedges, and broadleaf weeds

Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

Monument Applications include: POST control of selected annual grasses Transition in spring from overseeded perennial ryegrass to bermudagrass

Turfgrass Tolerance to Trifloxysulfuron Common bermudagrass Tifway bermudagrass El Toro & Meyer zoysiagrass Highly Tolerant Common centipedegrass Susceptible

Rimsulfuron (Tranxit) Sulfonylurea developed by Griffin LLC Use rate (WG): 1-2 oz prod / acre Currently available Phytotoxic to cool season turf species Good tolerance level to most warm season turf species

Research with Herbicides

% Control Perennial Ryegrass Control for Transition 100 86 89 100 100 85 80 60 40 20 49 58 55 50 40 23 10 9 60 45 for 9 fl oz for 18 fl oz for 28 fl oz Manor.5 oz Kerb.5 lb ai 0 2 WAT 4 WAT 8 WAT Rates are per acre applied 5-7-01. Prestonwood CC, 2001

Foramsulfuron 9 fl oz/a Foramsulfuron 18 fl oz/a 3 WAT

Foramsulfuron 28 fl oz/a Manor.5 oz/a 3 WAT

Kerb.5 lb ai/a Nontreated 3 WAT

% Control Perennial Ryegrass Control for Transition 100 95 91 95 93 80 60 40 45 61 56 46 Tranxit 1 oz Manor 0.5 oz Revolver 0.4 oz Monument 0.3 oz 20 0 9 days 30 days Rates are per acre (except Revolver) applied 6-2-03. NCSU Turf Field Lab, 2003

% Control Poa trivialis Control with Revolver for Transition 100 80 60 40 20 24 67 83 90 95 95 for 0.1 oz for 0.2 oz for 0.4 oz 0 4 WAT 6 WAT Rates are per M applied April 29, 2002.

Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

% Control Clumpy Ryegrass Control 100 80 60 40 34 80 83 74 88 95 95 93 for 4 fl oz for 9 fl oz for 18 fl oz Manor 1 oz 20 0 0 0 0 0 2 WAT 4 WAT 6 WAT Rates are per acre applied 7-13-01.

utc Revolver 0.4 oz

The best way to control clumpy ryegrass is to prevent it from establishing in nonoverseeded areas

Barricade applied at 0.5 lbs ai/a the day before overseeding.

Herbicide Comparisons for Environmental Fate* prodiamine Simazine Metsulfuron Rimsulfuron Water solubility 0.013 ppm 84 ppm 2,790 ppm 7,300 ppm Koc 13,000 ml/g 130 ml/g 35 ml/g 51 ml/g Soil ½ life 120 days 60 days 30 d (1-6 wk) 11 days * Herbicide Handbook and DuPont

And very phytotoxic to perennial ryegrass Metsulfuron is highly water soluble

Bentgrass Tolerance to Tranxit

Nontreated Barricade.5 8WBO

Desert Mountain Plan of Attack Lower mowing ht to increase light penetration through canopy (Use Beard s cultural methods) Use Manor to transition out ryegrass. If there is Poa annua present, use Kerb, Revolver, Monument, or Tranxit. Spray as soon as practical! Use seeded bermudas as nursery crop in rough (watch movement into hybrids)

Desert Mountain Plan of Attack Summer fert. Apply 2 lbs N/M monthly (light frequent applications ½ lb N/wk ammon. sulfate) One month prior to overseeding, apply P:K at 1:4 Be careful with Barricade in thin bermuagrass (Rubigan better choice)

Desert Mountain Plan of Attack Barricade at 0.5 lbs ai/a 6 wk prior to overseeding will extend bermudagrass recovery period One month prior to overseeding, raise mowing ht. Three-four days prior to scalping, apply Primo, reapply in 21 days

Desert Mountain Plan of Attack Barricade Step 1: apply at 0.65 ai/a unless bermuda is thin (apply 0.5 or Rubigan 6oz + 6oz + 2oz) Step 2: water in as soon as possible 0.25 to 0.5 inch nightly Step 3: in fall, keep seedlings moist (has restricted root system)

Dinitroanalines and Dimension Behavior in Plants: Absorbed by roots and emerging shoots and inhibit mitosis which prevents cell division and elongation. Sensitive species fail to emerge. Do not prevent seed germination!

DNA herbicides can injure stoloniferous turf species that are not well established

Turfgrasses may have difficulty rooting where DNA herbicides have been used

NCSU Turf Website www.turffiles.ncsu.edu

Experimental Herbicides foramsulfuron Bayer rimsulfuron Griffin sulfosulfuron Monsanto trifloxysulfuron Syngenta Flazasulfuron ISK Biotech Velocity - Valent

New Herbicide foramsulfuron Bayer Trade Name - Revolver

New Herbicide Carfentrazone - FMC Trade Name - Quicksilver

Foramsulfuron - Revolver Weeds Controlled: Perennial ryegrass, Poa annua, goosegrass, Maybe: Dallisgrass????

Trifloxysulfuron - Monument Weeds Controlled: Yellow nutsedge, purple nutsedge, green kyllinga, Poa annua, Perennial ryegrass, dollarweed, Virginia buttonweed

Velocity bispyribac sodium Removal of Poa annua in cool-season turf???? Lots of additional work needs to be done.

Velocity bispyribac sodium Our work so far: Good on Poa annua Injury to bentgrass & perennial ryegrass

Purple Nutsedge Control With Sulfonylurea Herbicides

Treatments Included Halosulfuron Rimsulfuron Sulfosulfuron Trifloxysulfuron Flazasulfuron Foramsulfuron 1.33 oz 2.00 oz 2.56 oz 0.59 oz 2.86 oz 4.5 pt X-77 Spreader added at 0.25% v/v

Treatment Information Treatments applied May 31, 2002 Purple Nutsedge 5 8 leaves 3 4 inches tall 1 10 per ft 2

Treatment Information Treatments applied with: XR 11002 VS flat fan nozzles 42 psi 20 gpa

Purple Nutsedge Control 31DAT 100 80 94a 98a 97a 73b Halo Rim Sulfo Trifloxy 60 Flaza 40 20 20c 26c Foram Check 0 0d

40 Purple Nutsedge Control 47DAT 100 98a Halo 94ab Rim Sulfo 80 Trifloxy 69bc Flaza 60 60c Foram Check 20 0 17d 9d 0d

Purple Nutsedge Control 83DAT 100 97a Halo 91a Rim Sulfo 80 Trifloxy Flaza 60 Foram 44b Check 40b 40 20 0 3c 9c 0c

Rimsulfuron: 2 oz Halosulfuron: 1.33 oz 31 DAT 31 DAT Sulfosulfuron: 2.56 oz Check 31 DAT July 1, 2002

Flazasulfuron: 2.86 oz Foramsulfuron: 4.5 pt 31 DAT 31 DAT Trifloxysulfuron: 0.59 oz Check 31 DAT July 1, 2002

% Control Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control 100 86 86 84 97 100 83 80 60 40 65 73 CGA.5+.5 oz CGA.6+.6 oz Manage.06+.06 lb ai Image.5+.5 lb ai 20 0 2 WAIT 4 WAIT Rates are product per acre initiated 6-21 with sequential applied 8-2. Plymouth CC, 2001

% Control Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control 100 97 99 94 96 80 60 40 74 74 80 80 CGA.5+.5 oz CGA.6+.6 oz Manage.06+.06 lb ai Image.5+.5 lb ai 20 0 6 WAIT 10 WAIT Rates are product per acre initiated 6-21 with sequential applied 8-2. Plymouth CC, 2001

Revolver Sulfonylurea developed by Aventis Use rate (L): 4 26 fl oz prod / acre Registered winter 2003 Phytotoxic to cool season turf species Good tolerance to most warm season turf species

Turfgrass Tolerance to Foramsulfuron Common bermudagrass Tifsport bermudagrass Tifway bermudagrass Highly Tolerant El Toro zoysiagrass Raleigh St. Augustinegrass Moderately Common centipedegrass Susceptible

Revolver phytotoxicity on Greg Norman (GN1) 360 USA01435-JLC01H17 UTC

Foramsulfuron 56 fl oz x 2 on El Toro Zoysiagrass 2 WAIT 8 WAIT

% Control Poa annua Control in Non- Overseeded Bermudagrass 100 97 98 98 89 80 60 40 38 54 56 69 for 18 fl oz for 36 fl oz for 54 fl oz Roundup Pro 1 qt 20 0 0 0 0 0 3 WAT 6 WAT 10 WAT Rates are product per acre applied 12-18-01. Poa annua was 0-2 tiller at application. Quail Ridge, 2001

% Control Poa annua Control in Non- Overseeded Bermudagrass 100 80 60 40 53 51 59 84 99 98 100 100 for 18 fl oz for 36 fl oz for 54 fl oz Roundup Pro 1 qt 20 0 0 0 0 10 2 WAT 4 WAT 8 WAT Rates are product per acre applied 3-14-01. Poa annua was 3-8 tiller w/ seedheads at application. Quail Ridge, 2001

Nontreated

Foramsulfuron 18 fl oz/a

Roundup Pro 1 qt/a

DNA herbicides can injure stoloniferous turf species that are not well established

Control of Goosegrass with Revolver

Goosegrass Control with Revolver / Sencor Tank Mixes Summary of Six Trials on Multi-tillered weeds - 2002 100 75 50 25 0 7 14 21 28 42 60 Days after Application oz prod / 1000 ft2 Revolver 0.4-7 days Revolver 0.6-7 days MSMA 3 pts/a - 7 days Rev.4 + Sen 5-7 days Rev.6 + Sen 5-7 days Two applic at 7 days apart JEM02H38 JEM02H41 JEM02H37 JEM02H39 JEM02H44 HCO02H05

Turfgrass Tolerance to Trifloxysulfuron Common bermudagrass Tifway bermudagrass El Toro & Meyer zoysiagrass Highly Tolerant Common centipedegrass Susceptible