Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1 5 Definition of anatomy 1 Questions 5 Chapter 2: Skeletal System 6 74 Skeleton 6 Skeletal system 8 Bones of superior extremity 12 Articulated skeleton of hand 17 Clinical anatomy of bones (in general) 18 The vertebral column 19 Ribs and sternum 27 Bones of inferior extremity 31 Articulated skeleton of foot 42 Injury of lower limb bones 44 Bones of skull 45 Mandible 51 Maxilla 53 Foramina at the base of skull and their contents 57 Important points about skull bones 58 External surface of base of skull 58 Important spongy bone of skull 59 Summary 61 Questioned commonly asked in the oral examination 63 Cranial bones 70 Chapter 3: Joints 75 98 Joints 75 Important joints of superior extremity 78 Joints involved in pronation and supination 82 Joints of inferior extremity 84 Arches of foot 88 Joints of head and neck 90 Important joints of whole body at a glance 92 Summary 97 Questions 97
xvi Anatomy at a Glance An Exam-oriented Text Chapter 4: Muscular System 99 135 Introduction 99 Classification of voluntary muscle 100 Muscle connecting upper limb to vertebral column 105 Muscles connecting the scapula to humerus 106 Muscles of arm 107 Muscles of posterior compartment of forearm superficial (lateral to medial) 111 Intrinsic muscles of hand 113 Muscles of gluteal region 114 Muscles of lower limb 115 Muscles of posterior compartment of thigh (flexor group) 118 Muscles of leg 119 Muscles of abdomen 123 Muscles of head 125 Muscles of neck 128 Muscles of thorax 132 The diaphragm 133 Summary 134 Questions 135 Chapter 5: Nervous System 136 169 Introduction 136 Brachial plexus and its branches 139 Important nerves of brachial plexus (more details) median nerve 142 Ulnar nerve 143 Radial nerve 144 Musculocutaneous nerve 145 Lumbar plexus and its branches 145 Cranial nerves 149 Important cranial nerve in details 158 Autonomic nervous system 162 Chapter summary 167 Questions 169 Chapter 6: Arterial System 170 185 Terminology used in description of blood vessels 170 Aorta and major arteries of systemic circulation 172 Arteries of upper limb 173
Contents xvii Arteries of thorax 175 Arteries of abdomen 176 Arteries of inferior extremity (lower limb) 179 Arteries of head and neck 180 Summary 184 Celiac trunk and their branches 185 Questions 185 Chapter 7: Veins 186 199 Introduction 186 Chapter summary 199 Questions 199 Chapter 8: Lymphatic System 200 206 Introduction 200 Chapter summary 205 Questions 206 Chapter 9: Viscera 207 313 Thorax 207 Trachea 208 Lungs 209 Heart 214 Artery supply to heart (coronary circulation) 218 Conducting system of heart 219 Peritoneum and its cavity 221 GI tract 225 Small intestine 228 Pancreas 230 Large intestine 236 Kidney 240 Male urethra 246 Female reproductive system 246 Male reproductive system 249 Viscera of head and neck 253 Ear 267 Brain 268 Summary 302 Viva voce on viscera 303 Anatomy (long questions) 311
xviii Anatomy at a Glance An Exam-oriented Text Chapter 10: Embryology 314 337 Development of certain important organs (special embryology) 322 Development of interatrial septum 323 Development of inter-ventricular septum 324 Aortic arches and its derivatives 325 Alimentary system 326 Development of face 327 Development of palate 328 Branchial (pharyngeal) arches and its derivatives 329 Derivatives of pharyngeal pouches 330 Development of tongue 330 Chapter summary 336 Questions 337 Chapter 11: Genetics 338 344 Chromosome 338 Turner syndrome 340 Klinefelter syndrome 340 Barr body (sex chromatin) 341 Allelic gene 341 Abnormalities of human chromosome 342 Chapter summary 344 Questions 344 Chapter 12: Window Dissections that Come in Examination 345 394 Clavipectoral fascia 346 Axilla 348 Cubital fossa 350 Front of arm 352 Front of forearm 354 Palm 356 Triangular and quadrangular space 358 Back of arm 360 Back of forearm 362 Femoral triangle 364 Anterolateral compartment 368 Dorsum of foot 370 Gluteal region 372
Contents xix Popliteal fossa 374 Back of thigh 376 Back of leg 378 Sole 380 Inguinal canal 382 Rectus sheath 384 Kidney from back 386 Face 388 Anterior triangle of neck 390 Posterior triangle of neck 392 Questions on dissections 394 Chapter 13: Histology 395 435 Cell 396 Cell cycle 398 Epithelial tissue 399 Muscle tissue 406 Blood vascular system 408 Summary 427 Questions and answers on histology slides 427 Chapter 14: Radiology (Imaging Technique) 436 455 Radiology 436 Standard position used in radiology examination 436 Questions asked in radiology 453 Chapter 15: Surface Anatomy 456 474 Surface anatomy 456 Superior extremity 458 Inferior extremity 461 Abdomen 464 Thorax 466 Head and neck 467 Questions that are asked in surface marking 469 Chapter 16: Short Notes 475 508 Thorax 475 Head, neck and brain 484 Inferior extremity 492
xx Anatomy at a Glance An Exam-oriented Text Short notes on abdomen 497 General anatomy 507 Chapter 17: Explain Anatomically/Embryologically 509 518 Upper limb 509 Lower limb 510 Abdomen 511 Thorax 513 Head and neck 514 Genetics and embryology 518 Appendix 519 520 Glossary 521 524 Index 525 534